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MONTHS 

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a 

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& 

Days  Absent  .  . 
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DEFICIENT  IN 

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3d    "  £i£jLjtoL 


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(OVER) 


TOWN'S 


NEW  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER 


CONTALSLNG 


A  NEW  AND   COMPLETE  KEY  TO  PRONUNCIATION }  AN 
INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  "  ANALYSIS  OF  DERIVATIVE 
WORDS  IN  THE  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE";  DIC- 
TATION EXERCISES  ;  AND  VARIOUS 
OTHER  IMPROVEMENTS. 


By  SALEM  TOWN,  LL.D., 

AUTHOR  OF  THE  "ANALYSIS  OF  THE  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE,"  AND  A  SERIES  OF  READERS. 


REVISED  EDITION. 


NEW  YORK: 
OAKLEY,  MASON  &  OO. 

1  870. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1863,  by 
SALEM  TOWN, 
in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
Northern  District  of  New  York. 

Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1866,  by 

EDWIN  B.  MORGAN,  CHRISTOPHER  MORGAN,  HENRY 
MORGAN,  AND  NELSON  M.  HOLBROOK, 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  th*  Northern 
District  of  New  York. 


The  Courier  Company,  Printers  and  Binders,  Buffalo,  N.  Y 
Electrotvped  by  Welch,  Bigklow,  and  Company. 


PREFACE. 


Ix  presenting  to  the  public  a  new  elementary  work  for  the  use 
of  schools,  the  author  feels  bound  briefly  to  assign  the  reasons 
which  have  prompted  him  to  an  undertaking  that  might,  at  first 
view,  appear  to  be  superfluous.  These  reasons,  he  trusts,  will  be 
deemed  sufficiently  valid  to  free  him  from  the  imputation  of  having 
engaged  in  a  service  uncalled  for. 

The  principle  which  he  considers  as  lying  at  the  foundation  of 
all  good  teaching  is,  that  a  child  being  taught,  both  to  read  and 
to  spell,  should  be  taught,  at  the  same  time,  to  understand  what  he 
reads  and  spells.  It  is  this  principle  which  has  suggested  the  plan 
of  the  present  work.  He  would  not  deny  that  some  advantages 
may  accrue  from  the  mere  mechanical  exercise  of  spelling,  and 
storing  the  memory  with  words  which,  as  yet,  convey  no  sense. 
He  is  ready  to  admit  that  it  is  better  for  the  mind  to  be  thus  fur- 
nished, than  not  to  be  furnished  at  all ;  but,  as  words  are  the  signs 
of  ideas,  and  the  ultimate  object  of  acquiring  words  is  to  acquire 
I  ideas  and  a  medium  of  imparting  them  to  others,  it  is  not  easy  to 
say  why  this  end  should  not  be  kept  in  view  through  every  stage 
\  of  the  learner's  progress. 

All  the  spelling-books  now  in  use  follow  out  the  same  uniform 
!  plan,  of  arranging  words  according  to  their  sounds  and  syllables, 
irrespective  of  their  import.  On  that  plan,  they  are  generally 
I  well  executed,  and  would  admit  of  little  improvement. 

But,  if  the  above  principle  be  well  founded,  something  is  still 
i  requisite,  beyond  a  mere  judicious  arrangement  and  correct  or- 
;  thography,  to  answer  the  grand  purposes  of  elementary  instruc- 
|  tion.  It  is  plain,  that,  as  far  as  practicable,  the  knowledge  of  the 
sign  and  of  the  thing  signified  should  be  acquired  together,  inas- 
much as'  both  are  to  hold  an  inseparable  connection  in  the  mind. 

This  Speller  is  believed  to  be  the  first  school-book  for  children, 
j  ever  published,  in  which  the  principle,  as  to  its  peculiar  arrange- 
!  ment  of  definitions,  was  adopted  and  carried  out  through  the  en- 
tire work.  Many  persons,  at  first,  honestly  believed  such  a  course 
would  be  attended  with  injurious  consequences ;  but  time  and 
experience  have,  to  a  great  extent,  changed  their  views. 


4 


In  confirmation  of  the  importance  of  a  knowledge  of  the  synon- 
ymous import  of  words,  we  make  a  quotation  from  the  Preface  of 
the  revised  edition  of  Dr.  Webster's  Royal  Quarto  Dictionary :  — 

"  One  new  feature  is  now  added  to  this  volume,  by  making  it  a 
synonymous  dictionary.  Every  one  engaged  in  literary  compo- 
sition has  felt,  at  times,  the  want  of  such  a  work,  —  a  work  not 
intended,  like  Crabb's,  to  discriminate  nicely  between  the  shades 

j  of  meaning  in  similar  terms,  but  to  present,  under  each  of  the  im- 
portant words,  an  extended  list  of  others  having  the  same  general 

|  import,  out  of  which  a  selection  may  be  made  according  to  the 

j  exigencies  of  the  case."    "  It  will  afford  important  aid  to  young 

:  writers  in  attaining  grace,  variety,  and  copiousness  of  diction." 
The  question  has  been  very  satisfactorily  settled  among  teachers, 
that  children,  while  acquiring  the  meaning  of  words,  do,  at  the  same 
time,  make  equal,  if  not  greater,  advancement  in  accuracy  of  spell- 

|  ing.    The  acquisition  of  ideas  always  adds  interest  to  the  exercise. 
And  then,  too,  the  peculiar  arrangement  of  this  Speller  affords  i 
an  excellent  opportunity  for  the  teacher  to  require  his  pupils,  es-  j 
pecially  in  the  advanced  classes,  as  the  words  are  pronounced,  to 
write  them  with  their  definitions,  and  then  submit  their  work  for  I 
examination  and  correction.    This  is  one  of  the  most  approved 
methods  of  teaching  spelling  and  defining. 

In  the  revision  of  this  Speller  in  1847,  the  spelling  vocabulary 
was  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  about  three  thousand  words.  In 
the  present  revision,  the  whole  work  has  been  carefully  reviewed  j 
by  Nelson  M.  Holbrook,  A.  M.,  and  such  corrections  and  im- , 
provements  made  as  the  experience  of  the  last  sixteen  years  has  \ 
suggested.    Dictation  exercises  have  been  inserted ;  a  new  and  | 
complete  Key  to  the  pronunciation  has  been  introduced,  embracing 
Dr.  Webster's,  with  some  additions  by  Mr.  Holbrook ;  and  the  or- 
thography and  pronunciation  are  believed  to  accord  with  the  last 

\  revised  edition  of  Dr.  Webster's  Dictionary,  that  work  being  almost 
universally  adopted  as  the  standard  throughout  the  United  States. 
All  these  modern  improvements,  in  connection  with  its  present 

:  popularity,  will,  we  trust,  insure  for  this  Speller,  not  only  a  contin- 
uance, but  a  largely  increased  degree,  of  public  favor. 

SALEM  TOWN. 

t\     Aurora,  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  1,  1863. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  7 


20.  Oo,  unmarked,  has  a  long  or  open  sound,  heard  in  the  word  moon. 

21.  Oo,  marked  thus,  oo,  has  a  short  sound,  heard  in  the  word  book. 

22.  This  mark  [*]  over  u  denotes  its  sound  heard  in  the  word  furl. 

23.  This  mark  [*]  over  u  denotes  its  sound  heard  in  the  word  rude 

24.  Two  points  [..]  under  u  denote  its  sound  heard  in  the  word  push. 

25.  This  mark  ["*"]  over  y  denotes  its  sound  heard  in  the  word  myr'tle. 

26.  C,  unmarked,  c,  has  the  sound  of  s,  as  heard  in  the  word  cdnt. 

27.  C,  marked  thus,  c,  has  the  sound  of  k,  heard  in  the  word  cap. 

28.  Ch,  unmarked,  ch,  has  its  sound  as  heard  in  the  word  much. 

29.  Ch,  marked  thus,  ch,  has  the  sound  of  s/i,  heard  in  the  word  c"hai$e. 

30.  Ch,  marked  thus,  ch,  has  the  sound  of  k,  heard  in  the  word  chord. 

31.  G,  unmarked,  g,  has  its  sound  as  heard  in  the  word  g£t. 

«  32.  G,  marked  thus,  g,  has  the  sound  of  j,  heard  in  the  word  gSm. 
1  33.  S,  unmarked,  s,  has  its  sound  as  heard  in  the  word  same. 
34.  S,  marked  thus,  s,  has  the  sound  of  z,  heard  in  the  word  muse. 

j  35.  Th,  th,  unmarked,  Th,  th,  has  its  sound  heard  in  the  word  thin. 

I  36.  Th,  th,  marked  thus,  Th,  th,  has  its  sound  heard  in  the  word  thine. 

|  37.  X,  unmarked,  x,  has  the  sound  of  ks,  as  heard  in  the  word  tax. 

!  38.  X,  marked  thus,  x,  has  the  sound  of  gz,  heard  in  the  word  ex -1st'. 

39.  Silent  letters,  except  final  e  when  the  preceding  vowel  in  the  syl- 1 
lable  is  long,  and  c  before  h  in  the  same  syllable,  are  printed  in  italics.  \ 

40.  The  mark  of  accent  ['],  when  placed  after  the  accented  syllable  of, 
any  word,  designates,  also,  the  accented  syllable  of  all  the  words 
that  follow,  until  it  is  contradicted  by  a  change  of  place. 

41.  The  double  accent  ["]  after  e  or  i  denotes  that  the  subsequent  c  or 
t  has  the  sound  of  sA,  which  sound  is  drawn  back  to  the  preceding 
syllable  ;  as  in  spen  rial,  vi,f  ti  ate. 

42.  The  double  accent  ["]  after  n"  denotes  that  it  has  the  sound  of  ng  ; 
as  in  man'1  gle. 

43.  Any  key-mark,  indicating  the  vowel  or  vocal  sound  in  the  ac- 
cented syllable  of  a  word,  or  in  monosyllables,  when  once  used, 
continues  its  influence  until  another  mark  is  introduced. 


Synopsis  of  the  Key.  a,  e,  i,  5,  u,  f,  long ;  a,  6,  i,  5,  ti,  J, 
short;  care,  far,  last,  fall,  what ;  prey,  there,  term,  feet;  pique,  firm; 
w&rm,  done,  for,  lost,  move,  wolf,  moon,  book ;  furl,  rude,  push ; 
myrtle ;  c  as  s,  ch  as  in  much,  ch  as  sh,  c  or  ch  as  k  ;  g  as  in  get, 
g  as  j  ;  s  as  in  same,  ft  as  z  ;  th  as  in  thin,  th  as  in  thine  ;  x  as  ks, 
j  x  as  gz;  c  and  t  as  in  spe;/  cial,  vi"  ti  ate;  n"  as  in  man'7  gle. 

I  


8  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINEB. 


TABLE  Or  ELEMENTARY  SOUNDS. 

By  most  elocutionists,  the  Elementary  Sounds,  or  Elements  of  the  language,  are 
considered  to  be  forty  in  number  ;  and  the  following  table  is  introduced  as  an 
exercise  for  the  pupil  in  enunciatiag  them, 
i    The  class,  either  individually  or  in  concert,  may  first  distinctly  pronounce  the 
word  containing  the  element,  and  then  enunciate  the  pure  element  of  the  given 
j  letter  by  itself,  varying  the  intensity  of  the  voice  as  the  teacher  may  think  proper;  i 
;  thus,  ale,  a;  arm,  a;  all,  a  5  at,  a,  &c.    Having  thus  learned  to  enunciate  all  the  j 
elementary  sounds  correctly,  let  the  class  repeat  them  in  their  order  ;  thus,  a,  a, 
a,  si,  &c,  — next  combine  each  sub- vocal  and  aspirate  with  all  the  vocal  or  vowel 
elements;  thus,  ba,  bd,  6a,  ba>  &c, —  and  then  reverse  the  order  of  the  elements; 
thus,  56,  ab,  ab,  ab,  &c. 


VOWELS 

OR  VOCALS. 

SUB-VOCALS. 

Name. 

Power. 

Element. 

Name. 

Power. 

Element. 

1  A 

Ala 

A 

21 

M 

Him 

M 

2  A 

Arm 

* 

A 

22 

N 

Run 

TO" 
Iff 

3  A 

AH 

A 

A 

23 

R 

Bur 

R 

4  A 

At 

A 

9/1 

V 

Ev 

V 

5  E 

Eat 

E 

r\  »» 

zb 

W 

Woe 

W 

6  E 

BSt 

E 

26 

Y 

Yet 

Y 

7  I 

Ice 

I 

27 

Z,  S 

Buzz 

Z 

3  I 

It 

I 

28 

z 

Az'ure 

Zh 

9  0 

Ode 

0 

!  29 

Th 

Thy 

Th 

10  0 

Do 

0 

i  30 

Ng 

Sing 

Ng 

11  0 

Ox 

6 

ASPIRATES. 

12  U 

Sue 

u 

31 

P 

Up 

? 

13  U 

up 

tt 

32 

T 

It 

T 

14  U 

Full 

u 

33 

K,  € 

Ark 

K 

15  Ou 

Out 

6u 

34 

Ch 

Much 

Ch 

SUB-VOCALS. 

35 

H 

He 

H 

16  B 

Ebb 

B 

36 

F 

If 

F 

17  D 

Odd 

D 

37 

Wh 

When 

Hw 

18  G 

Egg 

G 

38 

s,  c 

Sin 

S 

19  J,  G 

Jet 

J 

39 

Sh 

Fish 

Sh 

20  L 

111 

L 

'  40 

Th 

Thin 

Th 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINES.  9 


TABLE  OF  SUBSTITUTES. 

I  S'd     *'  "  'I 

A  substitute  is  a  single  letter,  or  two  or  more  letters,  used  to 
represent  an  elementary  sound,  or  element,  which  is  peculiar  to  some 
other  letter ;  as,  ai  in  said,  and  ph  in  phrase. 

Explanation.    The  following  table,  showing  the  correct  pronun- 
i  ciation  of  the  given  substitutes  numbered  and  italicized  in  the  ex- 
amples, is  referred  to  by  corresponding  numbers  at  the  right  of  words 
in  the  spelling  lessons  throughout  the  book.    In  studying  the  table, 
the  learner  may  first  name  the  substitute,  next  the  element  it  represents, 
land  then  the  example  in  which  it  is  combined;   thus,  ei  is  sometimes 
'  a  substitute  for  a  (long  a),  as  in  the  word  vein,  &c. 


1  Subst. 

i 

Element. 

Example. 

Subst. 

Element. 

Example. 

1    ^ ' 

ei 

ror 

a 

as  in 

vem 

29.  i 

TO! 

u     as  in  sir 

1  ^' 

<< 

a 

they 

30.  y 

u 

myr'  tie 

j  3. 

e 

it 

a 

tt 

there 

31.  o 

tt 

rc 

wolf 

i  J. 

n 

tt 

ser'  geant 

32.  oo 

ft 

it 

i 

!  3 

M 

•* 

t* 

bo?/ght 

33.  eon 

(( 

tin 

tt 

pig  eon 

1  fi 
1  b> 

i 

(t 

tt 

ma  nne' 

34.  ion 

ft 

tin 

tt 

fash'  ion 

7. 

ia 

tt 

e 

tt 

min'  ia  ture 

35.  ro 

If 

ur 

a'  pron 

Q 

1  o. 

a 

e 

tt 

an'  y 

36.  u 

w 

ft 

sua'  sion 

9. 

ai 

u 

said 

37.  oir 

tt 

wor 

mem'  oir 

10. 

ay 

tt 

tt 

says 

38.  o 

it 

wu 

it 

one 

11. 

u 

g 

tt 

bu'  ry 

39.  i 

tt 

y 

min'  ion 

12. 

y 

ti 

i 

sPy 

40.  u 

yu 

use 

13. 

y 

I 

tt 

hymn 

41.  p 

b 

tt 

cu//  board 

14. 

e 

tt 

i 

tt 

En"  glish 

42.  t-eous 

tt 

chus 

right?'  eous 

15. 

ee 

tt 

I 

tt 

been 

43.  g 

41 

tt 

re  \ig  ion 

16. 

0 

i 

t< 

worn'  en 

44.  j 

dj 

pre;7  u  dice 

17. 

u 

I 

bus1  y 

45.  gh 

a 

f 

tt 

lauo/i 

18. 

au 

tt 

6 

n 

hautf  boy 

46.  ph 

a 

f 

phmse 

19. 

eau 

tt 

6 

beau 

47.  p-ph 

f-f 

tt 

sa//  p/tire 

20. 

ew 

tt 

5 

tt 

sew 

48.  x 

gz 

tt 

ex  act 

21. 

a 

o 

tt 

what 

49.  wh 

tt 

hw 

ft 

ivhiile 

22. 

ew 

a 

u 

a 

new; 

50.  d 

tt 

j 

tt 

sol'  dier 

23. 

iew 

a 

u 

tt 

view 

51.  g 

it 

j 

ti 

gem 

24. 

6 

it 

ft 

son 

52.  geon 

jun 

sur'  geon 

25. 

oi 

tt 

tl 

tt 

por/  poise 

53.  gion 

jun 

tt 

le'  gion 

26. 

00 

tt 

a 

tt 

blood 

54.  € 

k 

a 

€&t 

27. 

ew 

u 

zrew 

55.  «h 

ti 

k 

a 

e//ord 

:  28. 

e 

tt 

11 

her 

56.  gh 

a 

k 

hough 

10  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Subst.         Element.  Example. 


57. 

q 

for  k    as  in  pig'  uant 

58. 

quet 

ka 

bou  quet1 

59. 

X 

ks 

wax 

60. 

X 

u 

k-sh 

a 

flux'  ion 

61. 

€ho 

" 

k\v 

tc 

choir 

62. 

qu 

ii 

kw 

ti 

quart 

6-3. 

n" 

a 

°g 

it 

an"  ger 

64. 

gh 

ti 

P 

ii 

hie'  eoiigh 

65. 

c 

s 

n 

cSnt 

66, 

z 

ii 

s 

f< 

waltz 

67. 

c 

ti 

sh 

it 

6'  cean 

68. 

ch 

<( 

sh 

it 

c/mise 

69. 

s 

ti 

sh 

it 

sure 

70. 

sc 

it 

sh 

if 

eon'scious 

71. 

t 

ii 

sh 

a 

fr&e'£ious 

72. 

ci 

ii 

she 

it 

as  s5'  ci  ate 

73. 

sci 

a 

she 

pre'  sci  ent 

74. 

s-cicnt 

(( 

sh-ent 

CI 

om  ills'  c*erc£ 

Subst. 

Element. 

Example. 

75. 

cie 

for 

shl   as  in 

spe'  cie 

76. 

s-s 

a 

sh-sh 

it 

as  sure' 

77. 

cion 

ti 

shun 

ti 

€0  er'  cion 

78. 

sion 

a 

shun 

u 

man7  sion 

79. 

tion 

tt 

shun 

ti 

no'  tion 

80. 

s-sion 

tt 

sh-un 

a 

pas'  sion 

81. 

s-sia 

it 

sh-ya 

tt 

cas'  sia 

82. 

ed 

ii 

t 

wftrked 

83. 

f 

a 

V 

tt 

of 

84. 

ph 

it 

V 

tt 

Ste'  phen 

85. 

c 

a 

z 

tt 

suf  fice' 

86. 

s 

tt 

z 

tt 

hU 

87. 

X 

a 

z 

tt 

Xan'thus 

88. 

(V 

ti 

zh 

tt 

rou/e 

89. 

s 

a 

zh 

a 

plSa^'  ure 

90. 

z 

a 

zh 

ti 

gla'  zier 

91. 

sion 

ii 

zhun 

fu'  $ion 

92. 

s-ion 

tt 

zh-un 

tt 

vi$'  ion 

OBSCURE  VOCAL  SOUNDS. 

The  obscure  sound  of  a  vowel  or  vocal  occurs  in  many  unaccented 
syllables  ;  and,  although  it  is  modified  in  quantity  so  that  it  resembles, 
somewhat,  the  element  of  some  other  vowel,  yet  it  is  really  the  pure 
element  of  the  given  vowel  less  prolonged  than  when  it  occurs  in  an 
accented  syllable,  as  will  appear  from  a  critical  examination  of  the 
obscure  sound  — 


Of 
Of 
Of 
Of 
Of 


long 
short 
long 
short 
long 


e  in 
8  in 


m 


d£i'  i  eate 
la/  bi  a\ 
lm'  pe  tus 
tip'  u  lent 
s€n'  ti  nel 


10, 


Of 
Of 
Of 
Of 
Of 


short 
long 
short 
long 
short 


di  mln'  ish 
im  po  lite 
en  vi'  ron. 
ira'  pi*  dent 
sep'  wl  eher 


LETTERS  SOMETIMES  SILENT. 


A  silent  letter  is  one  which  is  not  sounded  in  the  correct  pronunciation 
of  the  word  in  which  it  occurs. 

1.  E  is  often  silent  before  I  or  n,  also  in  words  ending  in  ed  when  pre- 
ceded by  any  letter,  except  d,  f,  A,  k,  p,  s,  t,  or  an  equivalent  sound  ;  as 
in  day'  el,  e'  ven,  loved,  &c.  In  a  few  participial  adjectives,  however, 
the  e  is  sounded  ;  as  in  learn'  ed,  a'  ged.  Final  e  is  also  usually  silent; 
as  in  name,  prince'  ly. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


11 


2.  /  is  sometimes  silent  before  /  or  n ;  as  in  e'  vtl,  ba'  sm. 

3.  0  is  often  silent  before  n ;  as  in  ba'  €on,  ma'  son. 

4.  U  is  sometimes  silent  after  q ;  as  in  con'  quer,  gro-t£sque'. 

5.  B  is  silent  after  m  or  before  t  in  the  same  syllable ;  as  in  lam!>, 
de7>t'  or. 

6.  C  is  silent  in  czar  and  mils7  cle,  before  k  or  t,  and  after  s ;  as  in 
sick,  vict'  na\$,  scene. 

7.  D  is  silent  in  hand'  some,  W&dues'  daj/,  stacft'  hold-er,  and  'before 
as  in  fa<ige,  \£dge. 

v  G  is  silent  before  m  or  nf  and  sometimes  before  I;  as  in  phlegm, 
I    ti,  in-ta#l'  io. 

y.  H  is  silent  in  7*eir,  h&vb,  hbn1  est,  Aour,  &c. ;  after  or  r;  at  the 
end  of  a  word  when  preceded  by  a  vowel ;  and  sometimes  after  t ;  as  in 
g/dost,  r/ieum,  &h,  oh,  IstA'mus. 

10.  K  is  always  silent  before  n;  as  in  /cnife,  know. 

11.  Z  is  silent  before  yj  A:,  or  m,  and  sometimes  before  d  or  v ;  as  in 
«&/f,  wa/k,  ca/m,  wouZd,  sa?ve. 

12.  M  is  silent  before  n;  as  in  mne-mon'  ics. 

13.  N  is  silent  at  the  end  of  words  when  preceded  by  I  or  m;  as 
in  kiln,  hymn. 

14.  P  is  silent  in  r&sjo'  ber-ry,  before  n,  and  sometimes  before  s  or  f; 
ts  in  joneu-mat'  ics,  psa/m,  re-cei/>t'. 

15.  S  is  silent  in  de-mesne',  puts'  ne,  vis'  count,  isle,  isl'  and,  aisle. 

16.  T  is  silent  in  chgs£'  nut,  Chris*'  mas,  mortgage,  hau£'  boy,  c-el&', 
Ml'  le/-dowr,  and  sometimes  before  /e,  en,  or  cA;  as  in  whis'  tic,  soft' en, 
f&ch.  I 

17.  TF  is  silent  before  r,  and  sometimes  before  h;  as  in  write,  ichoop. 

18.  X  is  silent  in  biV  \et-dbux,  Bor-deaur'  [bor-do'],  &c. 

19.  Z  is  silent  in  r£n'  dez  vows. 

20.  Ch  k  sometimes  silent ;  as  in  scAism,  yac/tt,  dr&chm. 

21.  Gh  is  frequently  silent;  as  in  high,  Wght,  wc\gh. 

22.  Ph  is  sometimes  silent ;  as  in  phthls'  ic,  phthl'  sis. 

23.  F,  j,  q,  r,  and  v  are  never  silent. 

SPELLING  BY  ELEMENTS. 

To  spell  a  word  by  its  elements,  is  to  enunciate  such  elementary 
sounds  of  the  letters  as  are  heard  in  its  proper  pronunciation. 
Pronounce.  Spell.  Pronounce.  Spell. 

hSad  h  8  d  eofrp'  let         k  ii  p'  1  e  t 

stam  stan  vT$'  age  viz'  aj  ; 


12 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINES. 


debt 

dSt 

■ea  price' 

k  a-p  res' 

-eloak 

klok 

ob  \iquer 

Sb-lik' 

rough45 

ruf 

vSn'  quish^ 

v5nk'  wish 

throur/7i 

thru 

fa  tigW 

f  a-t  e  g' 

prai$£ 

pr  az 

dis  gm$</ 

d  1  s-g  l  z' 

queen62 

kwen 

si'  phon46 

s?  fSn 

Jcmfe 

nlf 

fl&m'  beau19 

flSm'bo 

eough45 

phthi$'  io 

tiz'  Ik 

SYLLABLES,  WORDS,  AND  ACCENT. 

1 .  A  syllable  may  he  one  letter  or  a  union  of  letters  ;  as,  a,  man. 

2.  A  word  may  be  a  syllable  or  a  union  of  syllables ;  as,  man,  man'ner. 

3.  A  word  of  one  syllable  is  a  monosyllable  ;  a  word  of  two  syllables  is 
a  dissyllable ;  a  word  of  three  syllables  is  a  trisyllable ;  and  a  word  of 
four  or  more  syllables  is  a  polysy)lable. 

4.  Words  are  primitive,  as  man,  —  derivative,  as  manfly,  —  simple,  as 
horse,  —  or  compound,  as  horse'-shoe. 

5.  A  primitive  word  is  a  root  from  which  other  words  are  derived;  as, 
m  an,  kind. 

6.  A  derivative  word  is  a  root  with  one  syllable  or  more  added  or  pre- 
fixed ;  as,  man'  ly,  wtt-krnd'. 

7.  A  simple  word  is  any  uncompounded  word,  —  one  that  can  not  be 
divided  without  destroying  the  sense  ;  as,  ddg,  star. 

8.  A  compound  word  consists  of  two  or  more  simple  words ;  as,  dty'- 
star,  nevf  er-the-lessr . 

9.  A  prefix  is  a  syllable  or  word  put  to  the  beginning  of  a  root ;  as, 
un  in  wn-like'. 

10.  A  suffix  is  a  letter,  syllable,  or  word  added  or  annexed  to  a  root; 
as,  ly  in  like'  ly. 

11.  Orthography  treats  of  letters,  and  teaches  how  to  write  or  spell 
words  correctly. 

1 2.  Orthoepy  treats  of  sound,  and  teaches  the  correct  pronunciation  of 
words. 

13.  Spelling  is  naming  the  letters  and  pronouncing  the  syllables  of  a 
word  in  their  proper  order,  and  then  giving  the  correct  pronunciation  of 
the  entire  word. 

14.  Accent  is  a  more  forcible  utterance  of  some  one  syllable  of  a  word, 
so  as  to  distinguish  it  from  the  others.  It  occurs  in  all  words  of  more 
than  one  syllable. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  13 


1 5.  In  polysyllables  there  are  usually  two  kinds,  or,  rather,  two  degrees, 
of  accent,  called  the  primary  and  the  secondary ;  as  in  muln  ti  pli  -ed'  tion. 

ANALYSIS  OF  WORDS. 

In  analyzing  a  word,  the  pupil  should  specify  all  its  peculiarities  which 
have  been  explained  in  the  preceding  pages.  The  following  examples 
will  serve  as  specimens  :  — 

Teacher.    What  kind  of  a  word  is  bark  ? 

Scholar.    It  is  a  primitive  word  and  a  monosyllable. 

T.  What  is  a  primitive  word  ? 

S.  It  is  the  root  from  which  derivatives  are  formed. 

T.  What  is  a  monosyllable  ? 

S.  It  is  a  word  of  one  syllable. 

T.  Will  you  spell  the  word  by  elements  ? 

S.  Bark  [bark]. 

T.  Will  you  now  complete  the  analysis  of  it? 

S.  B  is  a  sub- vocal ;  a  is  a  vowel  or  vocal,*  having  its  second  element- 
ary sound  ;  r  is  a  sub-vocal ;  f  k  is  an  aspirate ;  and  the  word  means 
j  the  rind  of  a  tree,  or  to  bark  as  a  dog. 
T.  Now  analyze  the  word  re-print1, 

S.  Re-printf  is  a  derivative  word  and  a  dissyllable.  It  is  composed  of 
print,  the  root,  and  re,  a  prefix,  and  has  the  accent  on  the  second  syllable. 
[Spells  it  by  elements.]  Re-print'  [re-print'].  R  is  a  sub-vocal ; 
e  is  a  vowel  or  vocal,  unaccented,  but  has  its  first  elementary  sound  ;  p 
is  an  aspirate ;  r  is  a  sub-vocal ;  i  is  a  vowel  or  vocal  under  accent,  and 
has  its  second  elementary  sound ;  n  is  a  sub-vocal ;  t  is  an  aspirate ;  and 
i  the  word  means  to  print  acjain. 

T.  Analyze  dis-tntst1  fill . 

S.  Distrust' fid  is  a  derivative  word  and  a  trisyllable.    It  is  com- 
i  posed  of  trust,  the  root,  dis,  a  prefix,  and  fid,  a  suffix,  and  has  the  ac- 
S  cent  on  the  second  syllable.    [Spells  it  by  elements.]  Dis-trust'ful 
;  [dis-trust'  ful].    D  is  a  sub-vocal;  i  is  a  vowel  or  vocal,  unaccented,  but 
i  has  it3  second  elementary  sound ;  s  is  an  aspirate  ;  Ms  an  aspirate  ;  r  is 
a  sub-vocal ;  u  is  a  vowel  or  vocal  under  accent,  and  has  its  second 
elementary  sound;  s  is  an  aspirate ;  t  is  an  aspirate  ;  /is  an  aspirate  ;  u  I 
is  a  vowel  or  vocal,  unaccented,  but  has  its  third  elementary  sound  ;  /  is 
a  sub-vocal ;  and  the  word  means  suspicious  ;  not  having  confidence  in. 

*  The  pupil  will  use  but  one  of  these  terms  In  the  preceding  definitions,  and 
in  the  analysis  of  words,  —  the  one  his  teacher  may  prefer. 

t  If  a  distinction  is  made  in  the  utterance  of  r,  it  will  be  rough  or  trilled  be-  j 
fore  a  vowel  or  vocal,  and  smooth  after  it. 


14  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DE FINER. 


ABSTRACT  DEFINITIONS. 

The  mode  of  defining  in  this  book  is  based  on  the  same  principle 
i  that  is  carried  out  in  all  school  dictionaries :  and,  so  far  as  correct 
abstract  definitions  are  concerned,  it  is  substantially  the  same. 
!     By  an  abstract  definition,  we  mean  such  a  one  as  imparts  the  signi- 
;  fication  of  a  word,  in  itself  considered,  irrespective  of  its  applications 
or  uses.    Thus,  Dr.  Webster  defines  congruence,  coincidence,  harmony, 
!  stipulation,  and  covenant,  by  the  same  word,  agreement,  which  is  a  cor- 
j  rect  definition  of  each  of  the  above  words,  when  taken  independently 
|  of  the  sense  in  which  they  severally  imply  agreement.    It  is,  therefore, 
|  an  abstract  definition.    Dr.  Webster  says,  "  In  school  dictionaries, 
we  must  necessarily  omit  subordinate  senses  and  particular  uses." 
I  Accordingly,  we  find  by  computation  that  he  has,  in  his  school  dic- 
tionary, defined  about  9,000  words  by  one  or  by  two  others  of  synon- 
ymous import,  all  of  which  are  abstract  definitions.    Walker  has 
defined  about  11,000  in  the  same  manner,  and  Johnson,  8,000. 

When  the  best  abstract  definitions  are  learned,  the  child  will  read- 
ily perceive  the  different  applications  of  such  words  wherever  he  sees 
or  reads  them  in  their  proper  connection  with  others.  Thus,  acute- 
ness  is  defined  by  sharpness,  without  specifying  in  what  it  consists  or 
to  what  it  applies,  whether  the  sharpness  of  a  knife,  of  vinegar,  of 
pain,  or  perception.  But,  when  the  scholar  reads  of  the  acuteness  of 
a  man's  perception,  the  acuteness  of  sounds,  or  the  acuteness  of  the 
pain  in  his  tooth,  he  instantly  perceives  the  particular  sense  in  which 
acuteness,  in  each  case,  implies  sharpness. 

The  knowledge  of  words,  like  all  other  knowledge,  can  be  acquired 
perfectly  in  no  way  except  by  a  successive  and  gradual  advancement, 
step  by  step,  from  the  first  plain  and  literal  signification,  up  to  the 
figurative  senses  and  varied  applications. 

This  is  the  way  by  which  the  ablest  philologists  have  attained  all 
their  critical  knowledge  of  the  English  language,  or  of  any  other  in 
which  they  may  have  been  versed. 


TOWN'S 

SPELLER  AND 

DEFINER. 

15 

THE  ALPHABET. 

Roman. 

;  Italic. 

J  Script. 

Old 

English. 

A 

1  n 

Hi 

A 

a 

<r>j/ 

a 

b 

B 

h 

J? 

0 

b 

jB 

Q 

c 

c 

P 

c 

c 

d 

D 

LI 

T) 
JJ 

cv 

ox 

b 

D 

A 

jj 

e 

Jjj 

6 

(o 

c 

f 

F 

J 
9 

Jo 

/ 

f 

or 

G 

(1- 

/ 

8 

h 

H 

ft 

IT  < 
SI 

/: 
ft 

I 

I 

i 

T 
± 

i 

\ 
J 

J 

J 

r 

/ 

J 

i 

k 

K 

J-Jk. 

£ 

k 

a 

1 

L 

7 

1 

T 

/ 

rp 

I 

t 

m 

M 

m 

JXL 

DO 

m 

m 

1ST  \ 

n 

7\r 

Jx 

11, 

Q/r 

u 

N 

ii 

0 

0 

O 

f) 

(y 

0 

<$> 

p 

p 

JL 

P 

Jr 

j, 

r 

V 

V 

°l 

o 

^5  < 

9 

Q 

f 

an 

r 
I 

r 

si 

r 

H 

g 

s 

s 

a 

»5 

6 

0 

t 

T  i 

0 

■t 

t 

ec 

U 

U 

U 

u 

€€, 

u 

m  i 

V 

V 

V 

V  \ 

1A 

t) 

w 

vv 

w 

w  \ 

to 

to 

X 

X 

X 

x  \ 

A 

X 

y 

-  Y 

y 

Y 

r 

f 

S 

z 

Z  1 

z 

Z 

f 

? 

2 

& 

1 

f 

FIGURES. 

1 

2     3  4 

5 

6 

7  5 

!  9 

0 

16  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


LESSON 

l. 

so* 

no 

ha 

we  my 

to 

Sf8 

3  1$ 

go 

ho 

me 

ye  fy 

am  if 

a$ 

1 

10 

he 

be 

by  do 

an 

it 

us 

LESSON 

2. 

* 

at 

or 

up 

do  If 

a$ 

me 

am 

ax 

in 

oh 

by  ye 

to 

us 

it 

ox 

on 

alt 

we  my 

i$ 

of8£ 

I 

LESSON 

3. 

My 

ox  is  up. 

It  is  an  ax. 

Do 

we  go 

in? 

TT 

He 

is  by  me.  I 

go  to  it. 

No; 

we  go 

on. 

He 

is  to  go. 

Go  on  by  me.  We 

do,  as 

ye  do. 

LESSON 

4. 

bSt 

11  dO 

bin 

pin 

box 

V-/ 

-Gun 

pan 

•eat 

mat 

dm 

sin 

-eox 

dan 

ran 

fat 

rat 

fin 
nil 

tin 

tin 

iUA 

fan 

tan 

gat 

sat 

gin 

win 

pox 

man 

van 

LESSON 

5. 

bSt 

hSt 

not 

den 

pSn 

hot 

net 

eot 

jot 

pot 

fen 

ken 

get 

set 

got 

lot 

rot 

hen 

ten 

let 

wet 

dot 

mot 

sot 

men 

wen 

met 

yet 

LESSON 

6. 

fix 

dun 

pun 

bit 

lit 

hfin 

ULUl 

bad 

mix 

fun 

run 

kit 

pit 

-eon 

dad 

pix 

gun 

sun 

fit 

sit 

non 

gad 

six 

nun 

tun 

hit 

wit 

ton 

had 

LESSON 

7. 

lad 

dam 

dab 

€«b 

bSd 

nSd 

eub 

mad 

ham 

eab 

mob 

fed 

pod 

hub 

pad 

jam 

gab 

rob 

led 

rod 

nub 

sad 

yam 

nab 

sob 

red 

sod 

rub 

*  The  key-mark,  indicating  the  vocal  or  rowel  sound  in  the  accented  syllable  of  a 
word,  or  in  monosyllables,  when  once  used,  continues  its  influence  till  another  mark  is 
introduced.    For  an  explanation  of  the  Key,  see  pages  6  and  7. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINES. 


IT 


LESSON 

a 

bub 

rum 

dum 

but 

dip 

pip 

fSp 

bun 

mum 

gum 

■eut 

hip 

rip 

hop 

pug 

jut 

hum 

hut 

lin 
lip 

sip 

lop 

pup 

pus 

sum 

nut 

nip 

fin 
lip 

mop 

LESSON 

9. 

pSp 

bud 

bid 

lid 

bib 

€&p 

m&p 

sop 

cud 

did 

mid 

fib 

gaP 

nap 

mud 

hid 

rid 

nib 

ban 

11  C\  \J 

rap 

vu  U 

rud 

kid 

rim 

rib 

Inn 

sap 

LESSON 

10. 

bSg 

sag 

bSg 

big 

M 

bug 

€ag 

lag 

tag 

keg 

dig 

Fg 

dug 
hug 

fag 

nag 

wag 

leg 

firr 
P 

rig 

gag 

rag 

hag 

peg 

gig 

wig 

jug 

LESSON 

11. 

lug 

dim 

bur 

€Up 

bog 

ban 

mug 

him 

«ur 

sup 

dog 

tax 

-earn 

rug 

gem 

nSb 

fob 

fog 

wax 

pat 

rn  cf 
lUg 

h  r»Tn 
11 VJ  LL1 

wTeb 

odd 

1  ACT 

log 

TOT 
V  CA 

VQ  f 
V  <Xv 

LESSON 

12. 

bar 

mar 

ark 

ant 

daw 

sp# 

war 

-ear 

par 

arm 

ask 

jaw 

paw 

was 

far 

tai- 

art 

asp 

law 

raw 

wan 

jar 

ar^ 

aft 

Ssh 

maw 

•eaw 

wad 

LESSON 

13. 

bow 

dew22* 

low 

add 

ace 

ode 

bee 

-eow 

few 

mow 

and 

age 
ale 

old 

fee 

how 

hew 

row 

apt 

ore 

see 

now 

pew 

tow 

ha$ 

ape 

she 

the 

*  All  figures,  thus  arranged,  refer  to  the  corresponding  numbers  in  the  "Table  of 
Substitutes,"  page  9,  where  the  correct  sound  of  the  letter  or  letters  used  as  a  substi- 
tute is  jriven  and  exemplified.  Pupils,  when  of  sufficient  age,  should  be  required  to 
name  the  substitute  in  every  instance,  and  to  give  the  letter  or  letters  for  which  it  is 
used,  although  but  one  reference  may  be  given  from  the  same  substitute  in  the  same 
column  or  lesson. 


18 

TOWN'S 

SPELLER 

AND  DEFINER. 

LESSON  14. 

bake 

rake 

save 

pave 

bold 

hold 

■eake 

sake 

gave 

rave 

€old 

mold 

lake 

take 

lave 

save 

told 

sold 

make 

wake 

nave 

wave 

gold 

101CI 

LESSON  15. 

mice 

hide 

code 

dote 

bale 

male 

nice 

ride 

mode 

k>te 

gale 

pale 

rice 

side 

node 

mote 

dale 

sale 

vice 

wide 

rode 

note 

hale 

vale 

LESSON  16. 

dace 

pace 

made 

gage 

came 

same 

face 

race 

wade 

page 

tame 

tame 

lace 

iacle 

■eade 

rage 

lame 

bane 

mace 

lade 

cage 

sagQ 

name 

cane 

LESSON  17. 

lane 

dime 

tine 

dive 

dike 

mile 

mane 

lime 

vine 

hive 

like 

vile 

pane 

time 

wine 

five 

pike 

wile 

sane 

sine 

mine 

rive 

pile 

nic 

LESSON  18. 

bind 

mind 

bite 

hole 

hone 

bolt 

find 

rind 

kite 

mole 

bone 

colt 

kind 

nine 

mite 

pole 

lone 

dolt 

1 11 11  J. 

pine 

site 

sole 

■inlf 
JOll 

LESSON  19. 

cape 

bore 

sore 

lope 

gaze 

no$e 

nape 

eore 

tore 

mope 

haze 

ho$e 

tape 

fore 

wore 

rope 

maze 

ro$e 

sate 

more 

coke 

bode 

wane 

doze 

erf 

shy 

fly 

bay 

maj/ 

boy 

dry 

thy 

ply 

nay 

eoy 

fry 

sky 

sly 

% 

pay 

toy 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


19 


MSt 
dot 
plot 
bled 
led 
sled 


€rum 

drum 

grum 

brim 

grim 

trim 


€&mp 
damp 
lamp 
ramp 
samp 
vamp 


chTp 

ship 

whip49 

€lip 

flip 

slip 


milk 

silk 

gilt 

hilt 

milt 

wilt 


bump 

hump 

jump 

lump 

mump 

pump 


LESSON  20. 

bSnd  sand 

lend  band 

mend  hand 

rend  land 

send  rand 

tend  bang 

LESSON  21. 

bSnk  bill 

hank  dill 

lank  fill 

rank  hill 

sank  gill 

tank  kill 

LESSON  22. 


€iirl 

furl 

hurl 

•elSp 

flap 

slap 


€ash 
dash 
gash 
lash 
rash 
sash 


LESSON  23. 


kick 

d(5ck 

back 

dust 

lick 

hock 

hack 

gust 

nick 

lock 

lack 

just 

pick 

mock 

pack 

lust 

sick 

sock 

rack 

must 

tick 

rock 

sack 

rust 

ptnk 

kink 

link 

mink 

sink 

wink 


mill 

pill 

rill 

sill 

till 

will 


bgst 
lest 
rest 
test 
vest 
west 


br&g 

-crag 

drag 

fast 

past 

tact 


bSnt 
cent 
dent 
lent 
vent 
went 


duck 

luck 

tuck 

dusk 

husk 

tusk 


bung 
hung 
rung 
sung 
hang 
rang 


belt 

felt 

melt 

pelt 

fist 

mist 


LESSON  24. 

bond 

cr5p 

clod 

€ork 

spun 

drub 

fond 

drop 

plod 

tort 

stun 

grub 

pond 

prop 

shod 

cost 

shun 

club 

frog 

stop 
loss 

trod 

lost 

plum 

snub 

shop 

tost 

turk 

tfirf 

20 

TOWN'S  SPELLER 

AND  DE FINER. 

LESSON  25. 

cart 

east 

bark 

bard 

bass 

lard 

dart 

fast 

dark 

eard 

lass 

spar 

hart 

last 

hark 

hard 

mass 

star 

mart 

mast 

lark 

yard 

pass 

s«ar 

part 

past 

mark 

barm 

hasp 

hatt 

tare 

vast 

park 

harm 

rasp 

raic 

LESSON  26. 

ball 

t^l 

bawl 

buff 

bSll 

eull 

call 

wall 

yawl 

cuff 

cell 

dull 

fall 

bald 

dawn 

huff 

fell 

gull 

hall 

ward 

lawn 

muff 

dell 

hull  • 

mall 

draw 

yaz^n 

puff 

tell 

lull 

pan 

flaw? 

lawd 

ruff 

well 

mill 

nun 

LESSON  27. 

book 

deem 

halt 

cool 

ford 

bush 

cook 

seem 

salt 

COOp 

fort 

push 

hook 

teem 

wart 

loop 

port 

pull 

look 

leek 

wasp 

food 

torn 

full 

nook 

seek 

wash 

mood 

wTorn 

puss 

took 

wTeek 

wand 

rood 

pore 

put 

LESSON  28. 

cove 

doom 

reek 

deal 

beam 

beat 

hove 

loom 

meek 

heal 

ream 

feat 

rove 

room 

feel 

meal 

seam 

heat 

wove 

boon 

heel 

seal 

team 

meat 

roll 

moon 

peel 

veal 

lean 

neat 

boll 

noon 

reel 

zeal 

mean 

seat 

LESSON  29. 

babe 

bare 

cant 

barn 

bide 

bl&b 

bane 

care 

dank 

barb 

bile 

clad 

bate 

dare 

fang 

carp 

dice 

flat 

base 

fare 

gang 

darn 

dine 

flax 

-ease 

hare 

pang 

farm 

fife 

plat 

dame 

mare 

sang 

pard 

fine 

slat 

TOWN'S 

SPELLER 

AND  DEFINER. 

LESSON  30. 

Dl'cl  VC 

K  -l 

Drake 

broke 

drove 

b^n 

blaze 

grave 

nake 

choke 

grove 

dram 

glaze 

shave 

SpdKU 

spoke 

stove 

gram 

ui  aze 

blade 

brace 

shore 

globe 

tram 

craze 

shade 

grace 

snore 

pro$e 

cham 

graze 

trade 

place 

store 

tiio$e 

slam 

snake 

LESSON  31. 

slack 

batch 

flank 

bound 

boast 

bride 

stack 

ca£ch 

crank 

found 

toast 

chide 

!  block 

ldl  III 

drank 

pound 

coach 

bribe 

-clock 

pa£ch 

thank 

sound 

bloat 

tribe 

J  crock 

flash 

prank 

brown 

shorn 

prime 

frock 

trash 

chank 

frown 

sworn 

swine 

LESSON  32. 

grind 

grist 

parse 

brass 

noi$e 

oieai 

quire62 

whist49 

farce 

grass 

UOlipc? 

cleat 

spire 

whisk 

barge 

class 

spoil 

treat 

sheer 

quern 

caZve 

draft 

thorn 

cluck 

queer 

stern 

halve 

graft 

torch 

pluck 

sneer 

sperm 

salve 

shaft 

storm 

truck 

LESSON  33. 

_. 

■crape 

baste 

blush 

blame 

chill 

spell 

grape 

haste 

plush 

flame 

Ullli 

dwell 

shape 

paste 

brush 

shame 

frill 

snell 

plate 

taste 

stand 

crane 

quill62 

brine 

slate 

waste 

brand 

plane 

spill 

shine 

state 

grate 

grand 

frame 

still 

tirine 

LESSON  34. 

beicn 

blacK 

blend 

brack 

crane 

chess 

bench 

clack 

bless 

brand 

crape 

chest 

nlcn 

click 

blink 

brant 

crate 

chick 

bunch 

clink 

bliss 

brink 

crime 

chill 

lunch 

brick 

bluff 

brisk 

drake 

chink 

•  munch 

brock 

blunt 

bring 

drape 

chuck 

22 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DE FINER. 


LESSON  35. 

d?  al  d?  et 

ri  al  po  et 

vi  al  po  em 

ri  ot  ru  in 

bi  as  dii  el 

re  al  li  on 


bu'  bo* 
he  ro 
so  lo 
ty  ro 
pi  ea 
so  fa 

1?  ar 
ci  der 
rid  er 
bri  er 
eri  er 
pri  or 

-eru'  el 
gru  el 
18v  el 
reb  el 
lim  it 
piv  ot 

d<51'  lar 
sol  der 
hop  per 
prop  er 
rob  in 
bob  bin 

eow/  slip 
eow  pen 
pSp  gun 
eat  nip 
sun  set 
sun  rise 


ev'  er 
nev  er 
lep  er 
giv  er 
riv  er 
liv  er 


LESSON  36. 
bltf  er 
pip  er 
vi  per 
f  If  er 
mi  ter 
til  er 


15' dy 
la  zy 
ha  zy 
ma  zy 
na  vy 
za  ny 

pa'  per 
ta  per 
la  ver 
«a  per 
pa  cer 
ra  cer 


bo'  ny 
ho  ly 
to  ry 
po  $y 
ro  $y 
po  ny 

let/  ter 
fet  ter 
fes  ter 
sil  ver 
eut  ter 
-eut  ler 

s5r'  ry 

fol  ly 
sul  ly 
sun  ny 
fun  ny 

a  go' 
a  bode 
a  lone 
a  side 
a  like 
a'live 

post'  age 
bean  pole 
ink  stand 
silk  worm 
plaz/  mate 
fire  fly 


LESSON  37. 
mSt'  in       gun'  ner     d&l'  ly 
lat  in         gut  ter      ral  ly 
sat  in        pet  ty        sal  ly 
■eab  in        pen  ny      tal  ly 
ra  zor        hil  ly         hand  y 
slat  er       sil  ly         sand  y 

LESSON  38. 
eom'  ie       St'  om       b&n'  dy 
■eol  ie        at  tie        ean  dy 
ton  ie        pan  ie        dan  dy 
top  ie        mim  ie       till  er 
frol  ie        civ  ie         tin  der 
trop  ie       rus  tie        sis  ter 
LESSON  39. 
pSn'  eake        fish'  hook 
bed  post  band  box 

bed  room  snow  ball 
eob  web  blue  bird 

tea  eup  play  daty 

tea  pot  foot  ball 


*  The  mark  of  accent  continues  its  influence  till  contradicted  by  a  change  of  place. 


23 


Li  Ea  b  O  U  iN 

AC\ 

4U. 

bat'  te>* 

bid'  den 

sex'  ton 

clow'  er 

lat  ter 

hid  den 

pen  non 

pow  or 

pat  ter 

mad  den 

ven  om 

tow  er 

tat  ter 

sad  den 

ser  mon 

low  er 

flat  ter 

red  den 

€&n  ton 

bow  er 

seat  \w> 

trod  den 

pis  ton 

flow  er 

T  TT  Q  Q  A  "NT 

*»1. 

hSlp'  er 

tW  ber 

be  side' 

€on  tSnt' 

11  CI  fed 

lim  l&pr 

Hill  Urvl 

UC  LlLlv 

TP  lfmf 

ren  der 

sim  per 

de  ride 

re  pent 

gen  der 

tin  der 

a  bide 

in  vent 

ten  der 

hin  der 

e  lide 

in  dent 

slen  der 

gin  ger 

pro  vide 

in  tent 

T  17  Q  C  H  AT 

JU  JtLi  O  O  \J  JN 

AO 

r&ck'  et 

wSx'  en 

frgt'  ful 

mSlt'  ed 

JaLlv 

TIOV  DX\ 

lltlA  6-U 

IdllLXi  IUL 

pelt  ed 

pack  et 

deep  en 

htirt  ful 

belt  ed 

lock  et 

frSsh  en 

sin  ful 

brand  ed 

rock  et 

sick  en 

help  ful 

hunt  ed 

sock  et 

short  en 

man  ful 

lift  ed 

LESSON 

43. 

boy'  ish 

nice'  ly 

un  kind 

mis  date' 

oa-it  ion 

tuy  loii 

Wl  <fcP   1  \7 

wiipu  ly 

YY"»  1  O    Yin  f  A 

mis  rate 

-eool  ish 

ne#t  ly 

un  well 

llilo   1  LL1U 

salt  ish 

time  ly 

un  safe 

dis  like 

stck  ish 

kind  ly 

un  true 

dis  robe 

dusk  ish 

year  lv 

un  hiirt 

dis  iise^ 

LE  S  SON 

44. 

b&b  ble 

ban  ter 

buck'  et 

ch&p'  let 

bat  ne 

ean  ter 

buck  le 

chat  ter 

bat  tie 

«an  eel 

buck  ler 

cher  ish 

bot  tie 

€an  did 

buf  fet 

cher  ub 

eat  tie 

dan  die 

bun  die 

chil  dren 

rat  tie 

han  die 

bus  tie 

chuck  le 

24 

TOWN'S  SPELLER 

AND  DEFINER. 

■ 

LESSON  45. 

lrc'  tor 

bev7  el 

w&g'  on 

WKj  v/CllU 

in  j^p^ 

bez  el 

gal  Ion 

vp  pprtt, 

1C  vCllu 

ten  or 

ves  sel 

me$  lin 

In  Pf*nt 

111 

tes  ter 

ken  nel 

wel  kin 

tu  mor 

ves  per 

dor  sal 

bod  kin 

ru  mor 

set  ter 

gos  pel 

€(5f  fin 

tre  mor 

LESSON  46. 

ax'  is 

dSx'  y 

abet' 

na'  tioiV^ 

XI Cv     Li  vli. 

ten  nis 

lob  by 

be  get 

ra  tion 

-ean  dor 

lev  y 

■ea  det 

sta  tion 

elam  or 

bev  y 

be  gan 

mo  tion 

eur  ry 

ves  try 

se  dan 

no  tion 

hur  ry 

test  y 

di  van 

lo  tion 

LESSON  47. 

oa  corf/ 

be  hest' 

as  sist' 

hal  loon' 

es  -eort 

in  fest 

de  sist 

gal  loon 

;      r]p  fort 

de  test 

in  sist 

bah  oon 

re  tort 

mo  lest 

at  tire 

lam  poon 

ex  tort 

ar  rest 

en  tire 

mon  soon 

dis  tort 

at  test 

re  tire 

fes  toon 

LESSON  48. 

af '  flux 

drop'  sy 

f  81'  low 

W  low 

ef  flux 

gip  sy 

hoi  low 

pil  loio 

1 Y)    Till  Y 

tip  sy 

bor  row 

wil  low 

■eon  flux 

drear  y 

mor  vow 

v>Tin  dow 

•eon  vex 

Vvea  ry 

sor  row 

win  now 

]    vor  tex 

que  ry62 

wid  ow 

tal  low 

LESSON  49. 

o  me'  ga 

no'  ti  fy 

ra'  di  us 

in'  di  go 

ar  ma  da 

pu  ri  fy 

ra  pi  er 

in  fa  my 

■pa  nfl  rv 
xj<x  lie*  i  y 

lu  na  cy 

jo  vi  al 

in  iu  rv 

po  ta  to 

pi  ra  cy 

la  bi  al 

€ii  ra  cy  i 

te  de  urn 

no  ta  ry 

me  ni  al 

mu  ti  ny 

de  ni  al 

vo  ta  ry 

pe  ri  od 

re  al  ly 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  25 


LESSON  50. 


al'  so 
ad  verb 
ab  bess 
ab  seess 
act  or 
act  ress 

dgx'  tral 
east  ern 
ei  tiier 
Sn  sT^n 
e  pact 
Sp  och 

ISnd'  er 
lem  ma 
lev  ee 
mon  da?/ 
mean  ing 
meet  ing 

ship'  ping 
stig  ma 
syn  od 
sen  ate 
ton  sil 
tor  rent 

an  neal' 
ar  rear 
a  mouv 
a  way 
a  brSast 
ar  cade 


ST  bum 
al  pha46 
ban  nock 
bar  gain 
ch&t  tel 
clas  sic 


c5n'  text 
crotch  et 
com  ma 
case  ment 
ci  pher46 
check  er 


c5n'  sort 
dor  ic 
dig  it 
dig  ger 
drug  gist 
du£ch  ess 

grSn'  ite 
greed  y 
gip  sy 
has  sock 
log  ic 
lo5g  ing 

sea'  Son 
speak  er 
nei  ther 
se  cant 
speed  y 
se  quin62 

wind'  ing 
writ  ing 
whiffle49 
whith  er 
whis  ker 
wheth  er 

hal  loo'* 
my  sSlf 
pa  rade 
po  made 
pa  rol 
pa  trol 


LESSON  51. 


flee'  cy 

far'  string 

fri  day 

freck  le 

froz  en 

fis  sile 

feed  er 

fore  taste 

feel  ing 

feud  al 

fur  *her 

ga  ble 

LESSON  52. 

mis'  sive 

ros'  trum 

n6s  trum 

rail  ing 

nSp  py 

read  ing 

nes  tie 

rea  $on 

pam  phlet46 

soph  ist46 

pick  le 

sun  day 

LESSON  53. 

trap'  ping 

trea'  ele 

tract  ile 

trib  une40 

thlir$  day 

vol  ly 

tu£$  day 

ves  tal 

teach  er 

vis  ta 

trea  $on 

heal  ing 

LESSON  54. 

a  loud' 

be  tween' 

a  round 

be  time$ 

a  wake 

be  caw$£ 

a  woke 

be  lace 

ac  coil 

en  dear 

a  loof 

es  quire62 

3 


26  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


LESSON  55. 


arm'  let 
&t  las 
ad  die 
bump  er 
busk  in 
bed  lam 

flint'  y 
flur  ry 
flus  ter 
frus  trum 
friz  zle 
fun  gus 

jSst'  er 
kid  nap 
lim  bo 
lin  den 
lisp  er 
lam  mas 

s&c' tor 
sev  en 
shil  ling 
shuf  fle 
stin  gy 
sing  er 

a'  pril 
€li  max 
«a  dence 
da  tive 
de  ist 
be  ing 


bap'  tist 
bar  ren 
€lut  ter 
elev  er 
charg  er 
char  nel 


-eos'  tive 
dar  ling 
dent  ist 
dex  ter 
flat  ly 
flex  ure40 


fres'co 
fen  cer 
fend  er 
fifty 
fin  ny 
fish  er 

gam'  ut 
hun  dred 
hard  y 
in  got 
in  dex 
jug  gl« 

p£s'  tie 
pil  grim 
ren  ard 
sen  na 
sex  tant 
seut  tie 

trick'  le 
tar  get 
wSst  ern 
whis  per49 
whit  tie 
win  ter 

pa'  thos 
port  al 
pul  pit 
re  bus 
ra  yen 
slid  er 


LESSON  56. 

flor'  ence  gSn'  der 

flor  in  griz  zle 

fac  tor  gran  ule40 

fat  ling  gog  gle 

ger  man  go$  ling 

gar  gle  grap  pie 

LESSON  57. 

land'  ing  nlirs'  ling 

lan  tern  nSst  ling 

min  now  neth.  er 

men  sal  pet  al 

min  im  pen  nant 

mum  my  pur  pie 

LESSON  58. 

six'  ty  trlb'  ute40 

smug  gle  ten  ant 

spell  ing  tern  pest 

shut  ter  twen  ty 

stub  ble  thun  der 

sup  pie  tick  le 

LESSON  59. 

e'  ra  ge'  nus 

e  ther  gra  vy 

f  II  ing$  mo  dish 

flo  rist  mo  tive 

fu  mid  mu  cid 

dur  ing  la  bel 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


LESSON  60. 

trf  ad  sax'  on  em  press  for'  ty 

wSl  fare  ed  dy  es  sence  8b  long 

dra  ma  eld  est  shut  tie  wed  ding 

ve  nal  in  land  rud  der  vas  sal 

six  teen  to  paz  jug  g\e  serap  er 

siir  name  fore  top  ver  diet  o  vert 

LESSON  61. 

T  tern  drag'  on  pas'  sive  ab'  bot 

nine  ty  hav  ing  pas  tern  he-e  tor 

the  sis  song  ster  rath  er  cap  tor 

quo  rum62  m5n  ster  smat  ter  vie  tor 

stra  turn  wan  ton  lam  bent  bick  er 

flab  by  pr5v  ince  jal  ap  proe  tor 

LESSON  62. 

base'  ness  dark'  ness  pale'  ness  kind'  ness 

dry  ness  mad  ness  same  ness  lone  ness 

low  ness  fond  ness  meek  ness  bold  ness 

mild  ness  loud  ness  near  ness  slow  ness 

rude  ness  dull  ness  ripe  ness  blue  ness 

har  ness  fine  ness  shy  ness  hard  ness 

LESSON  63. 

s&d'  ness  clear'  ness  din'  ing  pa^$'  ing 

fat  ness  neat  ness  prun  ing  •  raz$  ing 

soft  ness  vile  ness  dar  ing  tea$  ing 

plam  ness  sore  ness  glar  ing  pav  ing 

sweet  ness  sour  ness  spar  ing  div  ing 

clean  ness  blind  ness  fu$  ing  sav  ing 

LESSON  64. 

bud'  ding  tan'  ning  spit'  ting  blot'  ting 

bed  ding  gun  ning  shop  ping  spot  ting 

rub  bing  pin  ning  mat  ting  hit  ting 

nod  ding  run  ning  bet  ting  fit  ting 

sled  ding  step  ping  wet  ting  sit  ting 

fan  ning  hop  ping  get  ting  quit  ting62 


28 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND 

LESSON  65. 

coal 

boil 

loth 

cord 

gout 

main 

i 

loal 

coil 

both 

lord 

lout 

fain 

goal 

ion 

most 

corn 

pout 

gain 
pam 
rain 

lrv/yn 
lyJtlLL 

1  U1I 

post 

horn 

rout 

1  moan 

dost 

born 

lour 

roam 

1011 

doth 

morn 

sour 

vain 

LESSON  66. 

cla^ 

girl 

t&Zk 

&nee 

stow 

dove 

i 

P% 

gird 

waZk 

tree 

crow 

love 

sla?/ 

girt 

baZk 

free 

grow 

move 

dra?/ 

stir 

cairn 

thee 

show 

lo$e 

era?/ 
to1  u 

VYlill 

baZm 

flee 

SHOW 

thev 

i  prav 

sir 

paftn 

glee 

know 

prev 

LESSON  67. 

qmckb4 

pamt 
samt 

flare 

flout 

breed 

bread 

thick 

glare 

spout 

creed 

dread 

drunk 

wazst 

snare 

scout 

speed 

death 

f  run  If 

braid 

spare 
there 

shout 

n  T*P/7rn 

VJLl  KjU/lxi 

flock 

scour 

sheet 

cream 

stock 

staid 

where 

flour 

fleet 

gleam 

LESSON  68. 

hinge 

blSst 

siege 

couZd 

third 

tight 

j  tinge 

drest 

grief 

wouZd 

whirry 

•    7  i. 

mi^At 

mince 

tress 

niece 

stood 

Dirtn 

sight 

since 

piece 

shook 

shirt 

light 

hence 

gwest 

these 

grope 

world 

mght 

pence 

quest62 

sneak 

scope 

worth 

mght 

LESSON  69. 

sneeze 

whence 

e&ught 

dreoge 

throne 

freeze 

whence49  taught 

fledge 

clothe 

,  spleen 

twelve 

claw$e 

shroud 

prince 

heave$ 

shelve 

squall62 

lounge 

bridge 

length 

bouaAt5 

C5UUUkpt? 

j  three 

drift 

sought 

house 

spent 

TOWN'S 

SPELLER  AND 

DEFINER. 

29 

LESSON  70. 

high 

twit 

heist 

oath 

-eaif 

nigh 

whit49 

hath 

sown 

elan 

twine 

lisp 

than 

mown 

-elain 

type 

wisp 

A:not 

burn 

■6  ram 

lira  ft 

SllCl 

punk 

turn 

X/I  IKJ 

H  dill 

sunk 

11  at  i 

LESSON  71. 

blake 

blown 

hi&ch 

hunch 

«ling 

trace 

grows 

ma£ch 

punch 

slink 

trail 

grown 

#nash 

slunk 

swing 

blazn 

quoth^ 

slank 

plump 

swung 

trazt 

blowth 

shank 

thump 

•clung 

hathf* 

MCI  Xll  v> 

0TO7/7th 

£i  1  KJ  lAJ  til 

cr\Q  x\  \r 
D  L/C*  11 XV 

nvnnf, 

Ul  111  lb 

rrrnnf 

til  U.11U 

LESSON  72. 

poach 

pouch 

greek 

brood 

brawl 

chime 

vouch 

&nead 

who$e 

drawl 

grime 

prowl 

sheep 

shone 

drawn 

whine4^ 

mound 

sweep 

trope 

spawn 

while 

drown 

groom 

prude 

preach 

of  vlp 

OW  »T  1 

troop 

tl  I  tret  tilt? 

• 

LESSON  73. 

winch49 

chant 

wreath 

whiff 

podge 

width 

vawlt 

street 

fifth 

scrip 

shred 

eorse 

wheeze 

snuit 

strip 

depth 

■corpse 

leaves 

sturt 

U1C/UU 

n  o  1  rv»  62 
U  Udillil 

wrong 

truss 

wi£ch 

wreck 

squad 

yog  we 

truc?ge 

LESSON  74. 

wr£tfch 

quaint62 

toftgh45 

fou^At5 

trounce 

french 

strove 

tdngwe 

sou^At 

ehri$m 

stench 

traipse 

roftgh 

&nSck 

breathe 

breath 

eurse 

-COWgh 

waif 

sheathe 

spunge 

swear 

ought5 

weigh 

r\e\gh 

fcnell 

troll 

gTOflt 

whom 

mien 

30 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


PART  II. 


MODE  OP  SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 

In  the  following  spelling-lessons,  where  there  are  but  two  col- 
umns, each  word  in  the  first  column  is  to  be  defined  by  the  oppo- 
site word  in  the  second,  using  the  word  implies,  or  such  expression 
as  may  be  applicable  ;  thus,  fruition  (implies)  enjoyment.  If  there 
are  three  columns,  the  word  in  the  first  is  defined  by  the  other  two 
words  standing  opposite  in  the  second  and  third  columns ;  thus, 
lively  (implies)  active  or  brisk. 

The  class  will  therefore  study  and  spell  all  the  words  in  each 
column,  but  will  define  only  those  in  the  first  column,  according  to  the 
following  examples.  To  the  definitions  thus  given  in  the  book,  the 
pupils  will  add  what  others  they  can  ;  or  the  teacher  may,  and 
ought  to  exercise  them,  in  giving  examples  of  the  differer  t  senses  in 
which  the  words  may  properly  be  used. 

EXAMPLES  OF  TWO  COLUMNS. 


gal'  lant  ly      brave'  ly 
■eom  pound      mixt  lire40 


de  frai(d'  cheat 
dis  perse  s€&t'  ter 


Defined  thus  :  gallantly  (implies)  bravely.  A  compound  (implies  a) 
mixture.  To  defraud  (implies  to)  cheat.  To  disperse  (implies  to) 
scatter. 

EXAMPLES  OF  THKEE  COLUMNS. 


■eon  else'  brief  short 
pal'  lid       pale  wan 


fis'  sure6940  €ha$m  eleft 
la  bor         toil  work 


Defined  thus  :  concise  (implies)  brief  or  short.  Pallid  (implies) 
pale  or  wan.  A  fissure  (implies  a)  chasm  or  cleft.  To  labor  (im- 
plies to)  toil  or  work. 

A  strict  adherence  to  this  method  of  defining  will  be  of  inestimable 
importance  to  the  learner. 

In  defining  adjectives  and  adverbs,  the  scholar  may  say  implies; 
in  defining  nouns,  implies,  or  implies  a,  the,  or  an  ;  but  in  defining 
verbs,  implies  to ;  or  he  may  substitute  such  other  terms  as  his  teach- 
er thinks  most  applicable  in  the  case. 

No  pains  should  be  spared,  on  the  part  of  the  teacher,  to  induce 
the  pupils  to  be  faithful  in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  significa- 
l\  tion  of  such  words  as  they  are  learning  to  spell;  for  by  words, 
jj  written  or  spoken,  they  are  to  communicate  their  thoughts  to  oth- 
jj  ers,  and  comprehend  what  others  wish  to  communicate  to  them. 

H!  i  ^-r^^^   ,  —  ,- 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFDsER. 


31 


REMARK. 

Every  child,  in  his  course  of  instruction  in  primary  schools,  is 
required  to  spell  the  tables  of  words  in  his  book  many  times  over ; 
and  it  is  scarcely  possible  that  he  should  be  exercised  each  time  ac- 
cording to  the  method  here  proposed,  without  distinctly  acquiring 
one  or  more  of  the  prominent  or  leading  significations  of  a  great 
majority  of  the  words.  And  we  think  it  can  not  be  shown,  that 
such  a  course  will  not  lay  the  earliest  and  the  best  foundation 
the  age  of  the  scholar  will  admit,  to  become  well  versed  in  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  English  language. 

Much,  however,  will  depend  on  the  fidelity  of  the  teacher,  in  car- 
rying out  the  mode  of  defining,  as  laid  down  on  the  foregoing 
page. 

SECTION  I. 


Always  define  the  first  column 
I  never  define  the  second  by  the  first. 


by  the  second,  but 
See  page  30th. 


-Nouns. - 


beak 
brim 
bile 
brute  beast 
bush  shrub 


-Nouns.- 


bill 

edge 

gall 


boon 
boss 
coast 
cowl 


gift 

&nob 
shore 
hood 


dread  fear 
flesh  meat 


flaw 

fib 

fume 

glee 

glebe 

sack 

bulk 


crack 
He 

smoke 

joy 

soil 

bag 

size 


harm 

hide 

heap 

jSst 

lung£ 

kirk 

1M 

loop 

lout 

ma/ze 

noun 

pawn 

peak 

tine 

qugst62 

bark 

space 

cave 


-Nouns. - 


hnrt 

skin 

pile 

joke 

thrust 

chlirch 

boy 

noose 

clown 

corn 

name 

plSoge 

point 

prong 

search 

rind 

room 

d8n 


flame  blaze 
girile  craft 


sol 
van 
pest 
staff 
pace 


sun 
front 
plague 
cane 
stSp 


paw$e  stop 

lawn  plam 

spSH  charm 

speed  haste 

spine  thorn 

tube  pipe 


stall 
blow 
sta^ 


stSncl 
stroke 
pr5p 


thrSng  crowd 
slu£  drone 


32 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


t  Verbs.  

blink  wink 
doze 
fe£ch 
flinch 
float 
ford 
flSp 
frisk 
flag 
gaze 


-Verbs.- 


drow$e 
bring 
shrink 
swim 
wade 
flSp 
skip 
droop 
stare 
grieve  mo^rn 
gripe  pinch 


plunge  dive 
purge  €l&an$e 
pr&s  squeeze62 
quash62  -erush 
querl  €oil 

&n3ck 
rai$e 
lease 
wash 
rule 


,  Adjectives.  

blSncl  mild 


blank 
bleak 
big 
broad 


rap 
rear 
rSnt 
rinse 
rei^n 
rub 


wipe 


halt 
heed 
hail 
leap 
jade 


stop 

mind 

eall 

jump 

tire 


skate  slide 
shift  change 


singe 
shut 
test 
smut 


scorch 
clo$e 
try 
black 


fain 

fleet 

harsh 

null 

prime 

pert 

snug 

vast 

brief 

^afai 


white 
eold 
large 
wide 


chaste  pure 
crude 


raw 

gkd 

swift 

rough45 

void 

first 

smart 

•close 

great 

short 

still 


kink 

lade 

leer 

lend 

miss 

chat 

cede 

chSmp 

hum 

hush 

leave 

plight 

whoop 

boom 

erimp 

flay 

g^ide 

dip 

brawl 


twist 

load 

squint62 

loan 

fail 

t&Zk 

yield 

chew22 

buzz 

still 

quit 

pledge 

shout 

swSll 

€url 

skin 

lead 

plunge 

s^old 


snarl 

slake 

slay 

smite 

streak 

sup 

twirl 

veer 

vSnd 

warp 

wrap 

wield 

woo 

bin/At 

erave 

jerk 

stir 

slant 

blare 


growl 

quSnch62 

kill 

strike 

stripe 

sip 

whirl 

turn 

sen 

twist 

fold 

sway 

-eoMrt 

blast 

bSg 

twitch 

move 

slope 

roar 


l&x 

sour 

sleek 

sheen 

sear 

queer62 

sage 

terse 

green 

grim 

scarce 

sh&m 

sharp 

sp&re 

twain 

spruce 

gazmt 

blear 

brisk 


loose 

tart 

smooth 

bright 

dry 

droll 

wise 

neat 

fr£sh 

fierce 

rare 

false 

keen 

lean 

two 

trim 

thin 

sore 

quick 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


33 


arc 

 Nouns.  

arch 

curve 

bounce 

 v  erbs. — 

leap 

spring 

blast 

gust 

puff 

clinch 

grasp 

seize 

beach 

strand 

shore 

screak 

creak 

squeak62 

branch 

bou^A 

lim6 

deem 

think 

judge 

fen 

bSg 

marsh 

drag 

draw 

haul 

cramp 

crick 

sp8$m 

drench 

wSt 

soak 

crest 

tuft 

plume 

delve 

grub 

dig 

chit 

shoot 

sprout 
tnrf 

fuse 

smelt 

melt 

sod 

clod 

{Mge 
flirt 

% 

fit 

fang 

tusk 

tooth 

throw 

toss 

feat 

deed 

Set 

glide 

slide 

slip 

f  OSS  6 

moat 

ciiccn 

gull 

dupe 

trick 

fun 

sport 

p% 

frizz 

crisp 

curl 

garb 

dress 

clothes 

fling 

cast 

send 

globe 

sphere46 

ball 

hurl 

sling 
flout 

fling 

haze 

fog 

mist 

jeer 

scSff 

need 

lack 

want 

mash 

smash 

crush 

path 

road 

way 

plod 

drudge 

toil 

sprig 

shoot 

twig 

rive 

cleave 

split 

spume 

frdth 

foam 

soar 

mount 

rl$e 

skein 

hSnk 

&n<5t 

screech 

scream 

shriek 

blur 

blot 

stain 

seek 

search 

hunt 

&n&g 

knot 

peg 

vaunt 

boast 

brag 

charge 

trust 

care 

drub 

thrash 

beat 

mass 

lump 

heap 

score 

no£ch 

mark 

2tlVQ 

dread 

fear 

rid 

free 

clear 

turn 

change 

shift 

goad 

spur 

prick 

wand 

r5d 

stick 

stew22 

seethe 

boil 

craft 

art 

trade 

&n5ck 

beat 

strike 

shrine 

ease 

b5x 

cloy 

fill 

glut 

site 

seat 

place 

hoist 

raise 

lift 

tSche 

loop 

crouch 

cringe 

stoop 

scrap 

piece 

part 

wrSnch 

wrest 

twist 

booth 

tont 

stall 

trim 

dress 

prune 

knftt 

tie 

b5nd 

fleer 

mock 

jeer 

leak 

crack 

hole 

&n&b 

seize 

bite 

34  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SECTION  II 


 No 

babe 

uns.  N 

in  fant 

,  Na 

rage 

-OS.  N 

fu'  ry 
splr  it 

Parts  of  the 
human  body. 

bard 

po  et 

soid 

arm 

bet 

wa  ger 

shoal 

shal  low 

bone 

beeve$ 

eat  tie 

splint 

splint  er 

back 

eoin 

mon  ey 

sire 

fa  flier 

brow 

eote 

sheep  fold 

ton 

i  ash  ion34 

brain 

eopse 
erib 

brush  wood 

trice 

in  stant 

breast 

man  ger 

trump 

trum  pet 

chin 

dearth 

f  &m  ine 

vest 

jack  et 

cheek 

frill 

ruffle 

1  111  11(5 

W  \JL  til 

\ro  1  -Tj/i40 
V  ell   11 U 

ear 

gauge 

mea$  ure89 

zSst 

rel  ish 

eye 

grot 

eav  em 

bale 

pack  age 

fist 

host 

ar  my 

bunch 

elus  ter 

foot 

hue 

eol  or 

kin 

kin  dred 

head 

hilt 

han  die 

chance 

fort  une40 

hand 

hose 

stock  ing$ 

eloak 

man  tie 

hip 

leave 

li'  cense 

pass 

\_/  »  • 
pas  sage 

joint 

lunch 

lunch  eon33 

rSalm 

king  dom 

mount 

mount  am 

shed 

hov  el 

knee 

mart 

mark  et 

shade 

shad  ow 

leg 

mead 

mead  oio 

strife 

eon  test 

lungs 

morn 

morn  ing 

trill 

qua  ver62 

mouth 

one38 

u  nit40 

dawn 

da?/  spring 

neck 

orts 

ref  use 

de6t 

deb  it 

no$e 

rein$ 

kid  ney$ 

shield 

buck  ler 

vein 

gift 

pre$  ent 

eove 

in  let 

ribs 

gulf 

a  byss' 

bit 

mor  sel 

shin 

C2iU$e 

rea'  $on 

robe 

gar  ment 

skin 

chlirl 

rus  tie 

stroll 

r&m  ble 

spine 

seum 

ref  use 

nymph46 

god  dess 

sealp 

scrap 

frag  ment 

seribe 

writ  er 

toe 

scheme 

proj  eet 

tSnk 

els  tern 

thumi 

spine 

back  bone 

mask 

vi$  or 

tongwe 

brawl 

quar  rel62 
text  ure40 

wrath 

an"  ger 

throat 

woof 

wish 

de  sire' 

waist 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


35 


-Nouns. - 


as  cSnt' 
a  mount 
be  kef 
ca  reer 
€0  qitStte57 
es  cape 
in  trigwe 
mo  r&ss 
m&n'  ace 
an  them 
ban  queti 
ba^n  io39 
be  $6m 
bor  der 
brisk  et 
big  ness 
bun  die 


rise 
sum 
faith 
course 

jilt 

Sight 

pl8t 

marsh 

thrSat 

hymn 

feast 

bath 

broom 

ScZge 

breast 

size 

roll 


wa  ge$ 
fi  nis 

fr&€  tion79 
fri  ar 
f  ul  crum 
flam  beau19 
ge  nus 
gul  let 
hiir  die 
kern  el 
m5n  arch 
muz  zle 
op  tion 
pigmy 
pig  ment 
por  tion 
pros  pect 


hire 

2nd 

part 

monk 

pr5p 

torch 

class 

throat 

crate 

seed 

king 

mouth 

choice 

dwarf 

paint 

part 

view23 


Persons  and 
Occupations. 

barb'  er 
bra  $ier89 
coop  er 
€511  ier39 
chan  dler 
cloth  ier 
dra  per 
f  arm  er 
gla  zier90 
gro  cer 
huck  ster 
hat  ter 
join  er 
lim  ner 
ma  son 
mln  er 


bur'  den 
b5b  bin 
€on  tact 
cord  age 
cov  ey 
cut  purse 
cy  cloid 
cyg  net 
nar  row$ 
sen  ni^At 
sew  er22 
si  lex 
stat  ute40 
stat  ure40 
scab  bard 
pas  time 
bl£m  ish 
azd  ance 
broad  ness 


load 

spool 

touch 

ropes 

brood 

thief 

curve 

swan 

straits 

week 

drain 

flint 

law 

height 

sheath 

sport 

scar 

hSlp 

width 


pur'  view 
ra  dix 
rai  ment 
rSb  ble 
sig  nal 
sei^n  ior39 
scru  toir' 31 
su'  et 
spSl  ter 
stream  let 
tSxt  ure40 
to  ken 
vi$  ion92 
ob  it 
hi  con 
grap  pie 
com  fort 
ver  tex 
sig;  net 


scope 

root 

cloth  e$ 

m5b 

sign 

lord 

d&k 

fat 

zinc 

rill 

web 

sign 

sight 

dSath 

hmvk 

hook 

ea$e 

tSp 

seal 


mill'er 
mer  chant 
nail  er 
paint  er 
p5t  ter 
saw  yer 
sSd  dler 
shep  herd 
tin  ner 
tan  ner 
tai  lor 
tink  er 
wTeav  er 
pla^  er 
plead  er 
rig  ger 
fram  er 
spin  ster 
print  er 


36 

TOWN'S 

SPELLER  AND 

DEFINER. 

Things  known. 

bread 

^-  Verbs. 

ilOD  Di£ 

limp 

shud'  der 

quake62 

shake 

shriv  el 

shrink 

beef 

num  ber 

count 

squan  dev62 

waste 

orocn 

pam  per 

glut 

str&g  gle 

stroll 

beer 

pon  der 
pur  cnase 

mu$e 

OUll  UU1 

part 

bo?^l 

buy 

swrad  die 

swathe 

■cake 

riv  et 

clinch 

tan  gie 

snarl 

cheese 

i    n  ne 

rob 

with'  er 

fade 

■cream 

A  I 

seru  pie 

douJt 

be  smear' 

daitb 

1  isn 

Sm  bl# 

pace 

■eon  cede 

yield 

fork 

bios  som 

bloom 

con  front 

face 

iooa 

ea  per 
c8n  sure69 

skip 

«on  fide 

trust 

nam 

blame 

flon  cezve 

think 

hash 

chuck  le 

1  'A  •» .  /-v.  V.  45 

laMgrr0 

con  struct 

k/ild 

yfcnlfe 

clam  ber 

climi 

com  mend 

prai$e 

milk 

«6z  en 

cheat 

de  mana 

claim 

meat 

d8s  tine 

doom 

de  fray 

pay 

pork 

rl/'iTiV/  1  o 

uyui)  it; 

1  Ultl 

de  terge 

-cleanse 

plate 

Idlll  loll 

starve 

en  tice 

tempt 

tusk 

hud  die 

crowd 

en  gage 

pledge 

soi/p 

trav  erse 

■cross 

ex  pend 

spend 

spoon 

tori  ure 

rack 

ex  tend 

reach 

salt 

im  brown' 

tan 

l j  i  vj  v  o 

starch 

in  vSst 

clothe 

im  plead 

sue 

straw 

in  cllne 

lean 

1UU.  U.c-11 

bl  ush 

tea 

m  f$et 

taznt 

€ob  ble 

bo£ch 

toast 

in  struct 

teach 

X><X\  11 

carp 

veaZ 

pe  ru$e 

read 

en  vy 

gruage 

whey 

per  mit 

let 

strug  gig 
qui  et62 

strive 

whip 

pur  loin 

steal 

1U11 

pie 

re  spire 

breathe 

dis  like' 

hate 

tart 

at  tSmpt 

try 

search 

mis  take 

err 

bran 

r&ri  sack 

per  form 
-e&z/  tion79 

do 

tripe 

a  void 

shun 

warn 

ggg$ 
fat 

£<Yn  trlvo 

V/V/ll     fl  -I  T  V 

scheme 

whit  en 

bleach 

dis  dazn 

scorn 

be  wttch' 

charm 

lard 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DE FINER. 


37 


-Verbs.- 


sa  lute' 
dif  fu$e 
be  dSck 
€on  denm 
pre  tend 
fright'  en 
bar  vest 
I  die 

lan''  guish36 
mar'  ry 
men  tion79 
si  lence 
sum  mon 
tar  ry 
val  ue40 
wan  der 
stSg  ger 
rid  die 


greet 

spread 

deck 

doom 

feu/n 

seare 

reap 

lounge 

pine 

wed 

name 

still 

cite 

wait 

prize 

stra?/ 

reel 

sift 


-Adjectives. - 


ab'  ject 
ar  id 
az  me90 
ru  burn 
cer  tain 
€al  bus 
churl  ish 
du  al 
filth  y 
frig  id 
griz  zly 
lar  board 
lu  cid 
mea  ger 
mi  nor 
n5v  el 
mer  ry 
€rook  ed 


mean 

dry 

blue 

brown 

sure69 

hard 

rude 

two 

foul 

€old 

g™/ 

left 

lean 
less 
new22 

gay 

bgnt 


Species  of 
Plants. 

baZm 

bean 

beet 

brake 

cress 

dill 

dock 

fern 

flag 

flax 

fifch 

gourd 

hemp 

hops 

kale 

mint 

squash 


SECTION  III. 
Couplets  of  Words  unlike  in  Pronunciation  and  Meaning. 


aims,  gifts  of  charity. 
AR3is,  weapons;  limbs. 

ant,  a  small  insect;  a  pismire. 

aunt,  a  father's  or  mother's  sis- 
ax,  a  tool  for  chopping.  [ter. 
acts,  deeds ;  decrees. 

Bared,  made  bare. 

Beard,  hair  of  the  chin. 
Bile,  secretions  of  the  liver. 
Boil,  a  tumor;  to  seethe. 

Boy,  a  male  child.  [port. 

Buoy36,  a  floating  cask  ;  a  sup- 
Brand,  to  stigmatize  ;  burnt  wood. 
Bran,  coat  of  wheat,  rye,  &c.  [ders. 

Bust,  figure  of  head  and  shoul- 

Burst,  to  fly  open  suddenly. 
Cam,  of  a  wheel  or  axle. 
€alm,  quiet ;  not  agitated. 

Close,  to  shut;  to  conclude. 

-Clothes,  wearing-apparel,  &c. 
Cork,  a  stopper  or  stopple,  [shoe. 
Calk,  to  stop  seams;  point  on  horse- 


Crick,  a  local  spasm  or  cramp. 
Creek,  a  small  stream  or  inlet. 

False,  not  true  ;  counterfeit. 

Faults,  errors;  defects. 
Fur,  tine  soft  hair ;  skins. 
Far,  at  a  great  distance. 

Fust,  the  shaft  of  a  column. 

First,  foremost  in  time  or  place. 
Hash,  minced  meat  and  vegetables. 
Harsh,  rough  to  the  touch. 

Huff,  a  swell  of  anger  or  pride. 

Hoof,  hard  part  of  an  animal's 
HtfLL,  the  body  of  a  ship.  [foot. 
IFhole,  the  entire  thing. 

Isle,  an  island. 

Oil,  fat  of  various  animals,  &c. 
Jest,  a  joke;  to  make  sport. 
J  ft  st,  upright ;  honest. 

Ketch,  a  two-masted  vessel. 

Catch,  to  lay  hold  of ;  to  seize. 
Laud,  to  praise  in  words. 
Lord,  the  Supreme  Ruler. 


38 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


-  Verbs. - 


at  tire' 
as  cSnd 
as  sess 
a  dapt 
be  queath62 
be  rate 
com  pSl 
com  pound 
dis  till 
in  flate 
re  strain 
em  brace 
bar'  ter 
bSl  lot 
ban  quetgg 
sa  ti  ate71 
tram  pie 


dress 
rise 
tSx 
fit 
will 
scold 
force 
mix 
drop 
swell 
check 
clasp 
trade 
vote 
feast 
cloy 
tread 


SECTION  IV. 

-Adjectives. - 


Se'  tave 
petty 
poi^n  ant 
pro  lix' 
r&b'  id 
rap  id 
rag  ged 
sa  ble 
sear  let 
skit  tish 
sim  pie 
tar  dy 
tidy 
to  tal 
cor  rSct' 
im  mense 
sue  cinet 


§\ght 
small 
sharp 
long 
mad 
swift 
rough45 
dark 
rgd 
shy 
plain 
slow 
neat 
whole 
right 
vast 
brief 


Trees  and 
their  Fruit. 

date 

fig 

lime 

plum 

sloe 

peach 

pear 

quince61 

Trees. 

ash 

beech 

birch 

cork 

81m 

fir 

hoZm 


slum'  ber 
min  ute17 
plun  der 
bat  ter 
re  p&iY 
re  pose 
re  prSss 
de  coet 
ru  in 
de  cezve' 
re  grSt 
ap  pear 
be  d&sh 
en  twine 
u  mte40 
per  fume 
trun'  die 
turn  ble 
trum  pet 


sleep 

note 

r$b 

brm$e 

mend 

rest 

crush 

boil 

wrSck 

dupe 

rue 

seem 

w8t 

twist 

join 

seSnt 

roll 

fall 

sound 


se  rene 
ob  tuse 
loy'  al 
slen  der 
dee  ade 
in  ane' 
a  cute 
bru  nette 
■eom  pact 
ex  empt 
de  funet 
dis  creet 
hu  mane 
mi  nute 
pro  found 
re  plete 
ro  bust 
se  cure 
re  miss 


-sii?m 

blunt 

liege 

slim 

ten 

void 

sharp 

brown 

dSnse 

free 

dead 

wl$e 

kind 

small 

deep 

full 

strQng 

safe 

slack 


Plants. 

moss 

pink 

rush 

reed 

rue 

sage 

sS<fge 

tare$ 

tAyme 

grain 

corn 

oats 

rye 

wheat 

peas 

bean$ 

rice 

grapes 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  39 


SECTION  V. 


as  sist' 
be  hold 
be  stow 
be  wail 
com  p£l 
con  vert 
de  spoil 
im  merse 
in  fleet 
la  ment 
pro  pel. 
pro  cure 
re  tarn 
buf  fet 
col  or 


— Verbs.- 

aid 


view23 

give 

wail 

drive 

change 

strip 

whelm49 

bend 

mo^rn 

push 

gam 

hold 

box 

stain 


hSlp 

see 

grant 

moan 

force 

turn 

rob 

plunge 

crook 

grieve 

drive 

get 

keep 

beat 

dye 


Words  of  opposite 
Meaning. 

life 
light 
left 


more 

meet 

north 

old 

pain 

praise 

prow 

push 

rich 

rl$e 

rear 

right 


dSath 
da-rk 
right 
less 
part 
south 
new22 
ea$e 
blame 
stern 

pull 

poor 

fall 

front 

wrQng 


cowf  er 
crip  pie 
grov  el 
hec  tor 
min"  gle 
pi'  lot 
pil  fer 
scat  ter 
tow  er 
mod  el 
fet  ter 
jock  ey 
la  bor 
har  row 
ram  ble 
sharp  en 
in  cite' 
be  foul 
in  quire62 


•crouch 

maim 

€rawl 

tease 

blend 

giade 

filch 

strew^ 

soar 

form 

chain 

trick 

toil 

break 

roam 

Mge 

rouse 

dawb 

ask 


stoop 

lame 

creep 

vex 

mix 

steer 

steal 

sow 

rise 

mold 

bind 

cheat 

work 

tear 

rove 

point 

move 

soil 

seek 


salt 

sit 

sick 

sink 

slow 

soon 

some 

smile 

smooth 

strSng 

short 

sew20 

tame 

thick 

thaw 

up 

wake 

whole 

ygs 


fresh 

stand 

well 

swim 

fast 

late 

none 

frown 

rough45 

weak 

tall 

rip 

wild 

thin 

freeze 

down 

sleep 

part 

no 


TOWN'S 

SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 

Nouns.  

Materials  for 
Building. 

Small 
Quadrupeds. 

r 

bai'  lad 

% 

surge 

song 

bil  low 

wave 

boards 

eat 

•ea  price' 

freak 

whim 

bricks 

eub 

dam'  $el 

lass 

girl 

brad$ 

hare 

fig  ure40 

form 

shape 

tacks 

kid 

fis  sure^ 

€ha$m 

deft 

glass 

lam6 

fount  am 

fount 

spring 

joists 

lynx 

gird  le 

belt 

sash 

laths 

mink 

im  post 

toll 

tax 

lime 

mouse 

leav  en 

barm 

yeast 
hurt 

nails 

mole 

mis  chief 

harm 

planks 

P*g 

mar  gin 

verge 

brink 

plates 

pup 

6f  fice 

charge 

trust 

pin$ 

y\Y\  f/  f.v 
uuu  ty 

puss 

o  dor 

seSnt 

qrnpll 

a  nidi. 

rSt 

pow  er 

might 

strength 

posts 

skunk 

fail  ing 

fault 

sash 

€Olt 

fan  cy 

taste 

YY  11 1111 

csill* 

«aZf 

f8sh'  ion34 

form 

shape 

studs 

Small  and  large. 

f  air  y 

Slf 

fa?v 

spikes 

frog 

for  age 

grass 

ha?/ 

stones 

toad 

erev  ice 

€rack 

deft 

serews27 

ea'  vy 

eof  fer 

chest 

box 

tiles 

■eo  ny 

erl  sis 

change 

turn 

pan'  els 

civ  et 

€ran  ny 

chink 

-er&ck 

mold  ing$ 

rab  bit 

dam  age 

hurt 

ISss 

bat  tens 

sa  ble 

glo  ry 

prm$e 

fame 

east  ing$ 
blinds 

squir  rel62 

lath  er 

foam 

frfith 

wea  $el 

pat  ent 

grant 

deed 

bra'  ces 

bi  son 

set  tie 

seat 

bSnch 

hing  e$ 

bu  gle 

stan  chzon 

post 

prop 

mor  tar 

la  ma 

let  ter 

type 
share 

mark 

raft  er$ 

li  on 

quo  ta62 

part 

sTd  ing 
shin"  gle$ 

St  ter 

ma  ne$ 

gAost 

shade 

zer  da 

stSp  pie 
de  gree' 

spile 

plug 

sleep'  er$ 

ze  bu 

st&p 

•elas3 

tim  ber 

u  rus40 

of  f ense 

erime 

sin 

eas  ing 

i  bex 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


41 


s  J 

quar  re  i 

founs.  

feud 

or  oil 

r  Adjectives.  

€oup'  \e  pair 

two 

t^iu  »  11 

•3  W  cLCH 

e  ri\ 

ill 

bad 

rid  dl# 

o t>i  ecu 

fl&e  cid 

lax 

wpryk 

VY  Cw  I\. 

I  U.UU  III  c 

1)1  xjU/KjLL 

br^filc 

flesh  y 

gross 

1  ctu 

b]Jc5  LfctiJp 

sort 

kYnrl 

glSss  y 

smooth 

rvr>1  /"//if 

s5r  vow 

grzef 

woe 

health  y 

hale 

sound 

slug  gard 

drone 

mopo 

lim  pid 

elear 

pure 

spig  ot 

spile 

P6S 

nim  b\e 

quick62 

spry 

Vd  UUI 

mist 

fog 

pal  lid 

wan 

pale 

Veil  \&y 

dale 

glen 

qui  et 

€a/m 

oLlll 

vi$  age 

phiz 

face 

si  lent 

mute 

whist 

ves  tige 

trace 

miirk 

s81  id 

firm 

hard 

mid  die 

mid 

midst 

eon  else' 

brief 

short 

to  k^n 

sign 

mark 

ex  pSnse 

•cost 

price 

^erb  age 

herb$ 

grass 

di  reet 

straight 

right 

pa  rade' 

p8mp 

show 

to'  tal 

whole 

all 

SECTION  VI. 
Couplets  of  Words  unlike  in  Pronunciation  and  Meaning. 


Lean,  wanting  flesh. 

Li''  en,  a  legal  claim  on  property. 

Least,  the  smallest. 

Lest,  for  fear  that. 
Lie,  to  he  at  rest  horizontally. 
Laf,  the  past  tense  of  lie. 

Line,  a  long  straight  mark. 

Loin,  part  of  the  back  of  an  ani- 
Loom,  a  weaver's  frame.  [mal. 
Loam,  a  rich  friable  earth. 

Loose,  not  tight;  unbound. 

Lose,  to  suffer  loss  ;  to  forfeit. 
Mild,  gentle  in  disposition. 
Mile,  a  distance  of  320  rods. 

Milk,  a  white  fluid. 

Milch,  giving  milk. 
News'22,  accounts  of  recent  events. 
Noose,  a  running  knot.  [ure. 

off,  noting  distance  or  depart- 

6fS3,  from  ;  proceeding  from. 
Pass,  to  move  onward  ;  to  enact. 
ParS£,  to  apply  rules  in  grammar. 

Pint,  half  a  quart  ;  four  gills. 

Point,  a  sharp  end;  to  direct. 


Pfjs,  matter  from  an  ulcer. 
PuRS^r,  a  bag  of  money. 

Rare,  seldom  occurring. 

Rear,  to  rise  on  the  hind  legs. 
Rents,  yearly  payments  for  lands, 
Rins-E,  to  cleanse  by  water.  [&c. 

Rout,  a  total  defeat. 

Rbi/TE,  the  course  or  way  trav- 
Set,  to  place ;  to  plant.  [eled. 
Sit,  to  occupy  a  seat. 

S£x,  distinction  of  gender. 

Sects,  different  denominations. 
S6t,  an  habitual  drunkard. 
Sat,  the  past  tense  of  sit  [find. 

Sought5,  searched  for ;  tried  to 

Sort,  a  kind  or  order  of  things. 
Spile,  a  wooden  peg  or  pin. 
Spoil,  to  destroy  ;  to  injure. 

StijN,  to  make  senseless. 

Stone,  a  small  rock. 
Tow'  er,  a  high  edifice. 
Tour,  a  circuitous  journey. 

Witile,  a  band  of  twigs. 

With,  denoting  companionship. 


42 

TOWN'S  SPELLER 

AND  DEFINER. 

SECTION  VII. 

■Mr.ii  »->o 

cin"gl£ 

cor  ner 

a^m$'-hous^ 

"noor'-hons^ 

a'  aua62 

<Al      Vl  IXC* 

wa  ter 

in  press 

XCX    Si-1-  vOlJ 

vin  trance 

arch,  er 

\>ow  man 

in  mate 

lodfg  er 

bus  £l# 

tu  mult 

in  stant 

mo  ment 

bed  lam 

mitd  hous^ 

T  ris 

razn  boc*# 

bios  som 

flow  er 

jun-e  tion^ 

un  ioD^ 

bold  ness 

cour  age 

lar  gess 

boun  ty 

brSth  ren 

broth  er$ 

la?^n  dry 

wash-room 

brim  stone 

su.1  phur 

loo  by 

lub  ber 

-ear  nago 

sla^7i  ter 

lu.0*  fzafire 

o  o  fe 

lus  ter 

ba<i  pja&e 

M  o  6  5 

bright  ness 

j    cai  tiff 

vil  lain 

cinct  ure40 

gird  le 

man  sion78 

dw&ll  ing 

■eom  pass 

cir  cwit 

mag  net 

lode  stone 

cftm  pound 
cor  sazr 

mixt  ure40 

moist  ness 

dSmp  ness 

pi  rate 

mor  sel 

mouth  ful 

c5n  fliet 

com  bat 

pas  tor 

shgp  Aerd 

cy  e\e 

cir  ele 

pils  tule 

pirn  rAe 

do'  nor 

rfv'  er 

pli  er$ 

pin'  cer$ 

dnph  v 
vxixv/iA  y 

rliiKP  onm 

not,  t  f\  D"P 

nor  ri^pv? 

dpa  not, 

f,v  "rant 

i  y   x  cm  u 

val  or 

er  uand 

m&  sage 

quad  rant62 

quar  ter 

11CA  CVJ11 

hpnn  mo* 

UCUU  J.  lit! 

on  ft  rv 

foi  bl# 

f  ail  in0* 

rSck  et 

clam  or 

fore  ^?ast 

fore  swf/ftk 

rp  jypnti 

XV/    £L  V<11  U 

rul  er 

■pTlTi  npl 

tun  nel 

rel  ict 

wid  ow 

flu  id 

lio  nio15^ 

run  ni^n 

1  UU   (J  loll 

ru  in$ 

(Till  lo7/?«l 
^Ctl    1 LJ  1/1/  O 

6*io  hpt. 

con  hath 

ca, ri  (\  o 7/ 

OU.ll    VACX  1/ 

ton 

XO    O  IX  V/ 

seftff  or 

scorn  er 

deal  er 

trad  er 

S£i  enc# 

^nSt^l  ec?g£ 

nitp  kin 

tow  el 

s81  sticc? 

trop  ic 

c—   

ia  vor 

kind  ness 

thick  et 

for  est 

raw  ness 

crude  ness 

ses  sion80 

sit  ting 

mar  vel 

won  der 

si  lenc<2 

still  ness 

ruff  ian39 

r8b  ber 

sea  port 

hiir  bor 

wim  ble 

gim  let 
•eom  ing 

sly  ness 

cun  ning 

ad  vent 

af  fray 

quar  rel 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


43 


,  Nouns. 

script'  ures40 
sin  ew22 
si  ren 
sk8|>  tic 
spon  sor 
ten  sion78 
thresh  old 
ton  sure69 
tor  por 
tru  ant 
tran  script 
treat  ment 
twee  zer$ 
tu  mor 
list  ion39 
vel  lum 
vest  ure40 


-Adjectives.- 


bi'  ble 
tSn  don 
mer  maid 
dou6t  er 
sure  ty69 
tight  nes3 
door-sill 
shav  ing 
num5  ness 
I  dler 
cop  y 
u  $age' 
mp  per$ 
swell  ing 
burn  ing 
parch  ment 
gar  ment 


40 


ag'  He 
ac  rid 
ar  dent 
bale  ful 
brill  iant39 
bon  ny 
ce  rate 
caws  tic 
diz  zy 
dor  mant 
drear  y 
e  ven 
f  &c  ile 
frag  He 
fu  tile 
fla  grant 
hor  rid 


act  we 
pun  gent 
fer  vent 
woe  ful 
shin  ing 
h&ndl  some 
wax  en 
burn  ing 
gid  dy 
sleep  ing 
di$  mal 
lev  el 
ea  $y 
brit  tie 
use  less40 
glar  ing 
sh5ck  in£ 


un'  guent36 
ac  cess 
a^e  tion79 
ere  dence 
in  cense 
leet  ure40 
pla^d  it 
rel  ics 
scan  dal 
za  ny 
ad  vice' 
ca  bal 
bow  quet58 
de  light 
de  fa?dt 
ma  chi'ne 
ra  vine 
me'  ter 
mem  brane 


oint'  ment 
ap  proach' 
ven  due 
be  h'ef 
per'  fume 
dis  course' 
ap  plaw$e 
re  mam$ 
of  f  8ns<3 
buf  foon 
coun'  sel 
jun  to 
no$e  gay 
pl£a$  ure89 
fail  ure40 
Sn  gme 
hoi  low 
mea$  ure89 
tis  sue76 


jun'  ior39 
lan"  guid36 
la  tent 
list  less 
mus  ty 
nas  ty 
neu  ter 
no  cent 
6ft  en 
old  en 
peace  ful 
p6t  tish 
sim  pte 
pli  ant 
quSg  gy62 
text  i\e 
smut  ty 
shag  gy 
top  most 


young'  er 
droop  ing 
hid  den 
heed  less 
mold  y 
filth  y 
net  ther 
hurt  ful 
fre  quent62 
an  czent67 
qui  et 
frgt  ful 
art  less 
11m  ber 
mir  y 
wov  en 
dirt  y 
hair  y 
high  est 


44 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


-Adj.  &  Adv.- 


-Adj.  &  Adv.- 


pi  OUS 
pal  try 
pu  ny 
rue  ful 
rud  dy 
sel  dom 
serv  ile 
sil  ly 
slea  zy 
shab  by 
ster  ile 
tab  by 
hand  y 
tac  it 
tep  id 
test  y 
oily 


gSd'lj 
tr!  fling 
fee  hie 
dole  ful 
r&d  dish 
rare  ly 
slav  ish 
fool  ish 
flim  $y 
rag  ged 
bar  ren 
brin  died 
read  y 
si  lent 
hike  warm 
frSt  ful 
greet  $y 


a  far' 

re  mote' 

ab  rupt 

sud'  den 

a  drift 

a  float' 

a  thwart 

a  -eross 

e  rest 

up'  right 
a  gain'9 

en"  sore'4 

gen  teel 

po  lite 

ob  seene 

un  chaste 

ob  liqwe57 

a  slant 

&m'  pig 

largg 
hast'  y 

speed  y 

lee  bly 

taznt  ly 

dark  ish 

dusk  y 

prl  or 

for  mer 

ti&v  bid 

mud  dy 

ng^h  er 

low  er 

smart  ly 

brisk  ly 

tim'  id 
touch  y 
wa  ry 
live  ly 
a  droit' 
a  way 
be  neath 
be  yond 
di  vine 
ex  pert 
for  sooth 
for  lorn 
in  ert 
mo  rose 
pa  rol 
sub  lime 
dire'  ful 
dap  pig 
slack  ly 


fear7  fill 
pee  yish 

cheer  fill 
dSx  trous 
ab  sent 
un  der 
fur  %her 
gSd  like 
skill  ful 
trft  ly 
hope  less 
slug  gish 
sul  len 
o  ral 
lofty 
drgad  ful 
spot  ted 
loose  ly 


-Verbs  k  Interj.- 


al  Y&ge' 
an  nex 
an  nouncg 
a  bSsh 
af  front 
ap  peal 
ap  pSnd 
as  plre 
as  sazl 
a  vaunt 
be  irdth 
be  reave 
eom  bine 
com  mute 
-eon  d&nsg 
eon  cert 
«on  eSct 
at  test 


af  firm' 
af  fix 
j>ro  elazm 
•eon  fu$e 
of  f Snd 
re  f  er 
at  tach 
de  $Tre 
at  t&ck 
be  gdne 
es  pou$e 
de  prive 
u  nite40 
ex  change 
eom  press 
€on  trlve 
di  gSst 
wit'  ness 


TOWN'S  SPELLER 

AND  DEFINER. 

45 

€ol  late 

€om  pare 

re  hearse 

^\  i 

re  cite' 

•eon  string*? 

con  tr&ct 

re  coil 

re  bound 

cie  mean 

be  have 

re  form 

a  mend 

de  f  Snd 

pro  t£ct 

re  tund 

re  pay 

ae  base 

de  grade 

re  arise 

re  lease 

de  throne 

de  pose 

re  voke 

re  call 

de  file 

pol  lute 

re  spSct 

re  gard 

de  hort 

dis  suade* 

re  quire^ 

—4     •  JL 

so  journ 

de  mand 

de  tazn 

with  hold 

re  Side 

e  vSlve 

un  told 

sur  vive' 

out  live 

in  thrall 

en  slave 

sus  pSct 

mis  trust 

in  trust 

-pon  fidft 

se  cede 

with  dratW 

en  croach 

in  trude 

ve  neer 

in  lay 

in  hume 

en  tom5 

cur  tail 

re  trench 

in  cense 

en  rage 

can'  ter 

gSl'  lop 

in  fer 

de  duce 

clat  ter 

rat  tie 

im  puyn 

at  tack 

cod  die 

par  boil 

m  close 

sur  round 

dal  ly 

tri  fie 

in  snare 

en  trap 

hag  gle 

man"  gle 

mal  treat 

a  buse 

heark  en 

lis£  en 

o  mit 

neg  lect 

chat  ter 

•  i  i 

jab  ber 

ob  je-et 

op  po$e 

mum  ble 

mut  ter 

per  turb 

dis  tlirb 

pes  ter 

troub  le 

por  tray 

de  scribe 

rim  pie 

wrink  le 

pre  $ume 

sup  pose 

shat  ter 

shiv  er 

pro  claim 

de  clare 

stam  mer 

stut  ter 

pro  cure 

pro  vide 

squab  ble62 

scut  tie 

pro  gress 

ad  vance 

gig  gle 

tit  ter 

pro  pound 

pro  pose 

tarn  per 

med  die 

re  bel 

re  v51t 

tram  mel 

ham  per 

re  dound 

con  duce 

twink  le 

glit  ter 

re  serve 

re  tarn 

van  quish^ 

con  qnev57  | 

en  twine 

en  twist 

wel  ter 

wal  \oiv 

dis  cuss 

de  bate 

un  twist' 

un  wind' 

in  still 

in  fuse 

re  gale 

re  frSsh 

ad  diet 

^z—  

de  vote 

af  fix 

sub  join 

46 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


-  Verbs.  - 


a  base' 
com  pete 
com  plete 
de  la^/ 
ex  tilt 
for  swear 
im  prove 
in  ter 
ja  pSn 

OC  CUr 

per  plSx 
pro  nounce 
re  l&x 
re  prieve 
re  spSnd 
re  strict 
erSd'  it 


hum'  ble 
ri  val 
fin  ish 
lin"  ger 
tri'  umph46 
per  jure 
bSt  ter 
bu  ry11 
var  nish 
h£p  pen 
puz  zle 
ut  ter 
slack  en 
res  pite 
an  swer 
lim  it 
be  keve' 


-Verbs.- 


be  hoove' 
de  bar 
de  duet 
ex  dude 
de  claim 
im  peach 
re  but 
re  trieve 
pre  elude 
dis  perse 
es  teem 
ob  $erve 
rSn  som 
rev  el 
sue  cor 
swin  die 
tres  pass 


be  fit' 
hin'  der 
sub  tract' 
de  bar 
ha  rang^e 
a«  eu$e 
re  pel 
re  gain 
pre  vSnt 
sc&t'  ter 
val  ue40 
no  tice 
re  deem' 
ea  rou$e 
as  sist 
de  fraz^d 
trans  gr&ss 


eov'  et 
eeh  o 
fur  nish 
gath  er 
gov  ern 
man  age 
mer  it 
par  don 
Aon  or 
al  lot' 
ae  ccist 
ad  juage 
pre  juage 
dis  band 
dis  charge 
dis  close 
dis  course 
dis  gust 
dis  mask 


de  $ire' 
re  Sound 
sup  ply 
col  lSet 
con  trol 
con  duct 
de  serve 
for  give 
re  vere 
as  sign 
ad  drSss 
a  ward 
fore  juage 
dis  miss 
re  lease 
re  veal 
con  verse 
dis  please 
un  mask 


die'  tate 
sazm  ter 
tiick  le 
quiv  er62 
re  preach' 
rSnk'  le 
men  ace 
floun  der 
prom  ise 
dis  count 
se  cure' 
ex  p81 
re  vert 
un  bind 
un  nerve 
com  mix 
e  clipse 
pro  long 
un  joint 


or'  der 
loi  ter 
har  ness 
trSm  ble 
in  suit' 
f  es'  ter 
threat  en 
strug  gle 
en  gage' 
de  duct 
in  sure69 
e  jSet 
re  turn 
un  tie 
weak'  en 
min"  gle 
dark  en 
ISngth  en 
dis  joint' 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


47 


SECTION  VIII. 


-Verbs.- 


,02 


a  bide' 
a  mu$e 
a€  quire' 
a€  c8pt 
be  €ome 
■eon  ceal 
eon  t£um 
de  -eoy 
dis  robe 
de  cease 
de  sist 
dis  maj 
es  chew22 
im  merge 
in  dite 
in  vite 


re  mazn 
di  vert 
ob  tarn 
re  ceive 
be  fit 
se  erete 
de  spi$e 
en  tice 
di  vSst 
ex  pjire 
for  bear 
ap  pall 
a  void 
im  merse 
«om  pose 
re  qu&t62 


stay 

plea$e 

gain 

take 

suit 

hide 

scorn 

lure 

strip 

die 

cease 

dawnt 

shun 

plunge 

write 

ask 


3  contrasted.  N 

bSsh'  ful 
bit  ter 
bot  torn 
bor  row 
i    crook  ed 
dirt  y 
ear  ly 
e  yen 
fe  male 
fut  ure40 
f  ie  tion7d 
heav  y 
heav  en 
lim  ber 
ma  ny8 
mo  tion 


per  spire 
re  buke 
e  lSet 
sur  vey 
sub  sist 
sue  cum6 
de  scry 
de  piet 
af  fliet 
en  chant 
sub  scribe 
ca  jole 
be  friend 
com  mand 
trans  crlbe 
de  fy 
bar'  bor 
glo  ry 
prac  tice 


ex  ude'40 
re  prove 

lSet 
in  spect 
ex  ist 
sub  mit 
es  py 
por  traz/ 
dis  tress 
be  wi£ch 
eon  sent 
fiat'  ter 
fa  vor 
or  der 
«Sp  y 
chal  lenge 
shel  ter 
ex  ult' 
per  form 


sw£at 

chide 

choo$e 

view23 

live 

yield 

see 

paint 

grieve 

charm 

sign 

coax 

serve 

bid 

write 

dare 

\Mge 

boast 

do 


mean 
scarce 

giad 

deep 

saint 

tough45 

vice 

man 

end 

rude 

kind 

sound 

fire 

hill 

whole 

cheap 

dead 

now 

give 


n<?  ble 
plSn  ty 
sor  ry 
shal  low 
sin  ner 
ten  der 
virt  ue40 
worn  an 
be  gin' 
civ'  il 
cru  el 
rftt  ten 
wa  ter 
vai  ley 
bro  kfn 
c6st  ly 
a  live' 
nSv'  er 
re  ceive' 


48 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DE FINER. 


ex  hawst' 
fa  tig^e 
im  bue 
im  brue 
pur  sue 
re  late 
bins'  ter 
brand  ish 
drab  hie 
ids  ter 
Hour  ish 
in  jure 
jab  ber 
jin"  gle 
h'  brate 
lo  cate 
sul  ly 


—Verbs.  

Smp'  ty 
wea  ry 
tinct  ure40 
mois£  en 
f  51  low 
nar  rate 
swag  ger 
flour  ish 
drag  gle 
cher  ish 
pr6s  per 
dam  age 
chat  ter 
tink  le 
bal  ance 
sta  tion79 
tar  nish 


drain 

tire 

tinge 

steep 

chase 

tell 

boast 

wave 

trail 

nurse 

thrive 

harm 

prate 

clink 

poise 

place 

soil 


Articles 

bxmn 

crout 

dough 

flesh 

roll 

loaf 

mush 

samp 

souse 

Articles 
worn.  ■ 

vest 

stock 

mitts 

hat 

boots 

shoes 


of  Food. 

ba'  eon 
bis  €U\t 
but  ter 
ban  nock 
-ea£ch  up 
cus  tard 
chick  en 
dump  ling 
flap-jack 
gru  el 
miit  ton 
muf  fin 
past  ry 
pud  ding 
pick  U 
pan  cake 
vem  $on 


throt'  tie 
vent  ure40 
car  ol 
frus  trate 

bSd'  ice 
ban  ner 
car  go 
«ar  bon 
chSp  let 
chol  er 
dan  dy 
dan  ger 
dit  ty 
dis  trict 
to  per 
prSd  uet 
com  merce 
pro  ceeds' 


stran"  gle 
haz'  ard 
war  ble 
de  feat' 

Nouns. 

cor'  set 
stream  er 
lad  ing 
char  coal 
gar  land 
an"  ger 
-cox'  €om6 
per  il 
s5n  net 
re  gion53 
drunk  ard 
ef  f  ects' 
traf  fic 
in  come 


choke 
risk 
sing 
foil 

stays 

flag 

frei^/it 

coal 

z^reath 

wrath 

f3p 

risk 

song 

tract 

sot 

fruit 

trade 

rent 


Varieties  of  Fish. 


trout 

bream 

pike 


dace 

carp 

chub 

cod 

eel 

ling 

perch 

pout 

roach 

shark 
whale49 
white 
smelt 


d81'  phin46 
dog  fish 
biir  bot 
grm/  ling 
gur  net 
iSm  prey 
min  now 
pipe  fish 
pol  lack 
por  poise25 
pilch  ard 
sun  fish 
sea-carp 
sword-fish 
taw  tog 
tun  ny 
tiir  bot 
whit  in<2:49 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINEE. 


49 


-Nouns. - 


8m'  ber$ 
sym  bol 
kind  ness 
far  del 
flir  row 
gam  bol 
gath  er$ 
har  bor 
m&n  ner 
mam  mon 
bee  tie 
mon  ey 
out  line 
per  son$ 
pup  pet 
ran  €or 
ras  cal 


cin'  der$ 
em  blem 
fa  vor 
bun  die 
chan  nel 
frol  i€ 
puck  er$ 
ha  ven 
meth  od 
rich  e$ 
mal  let 
spe  cie75 
con  to^r' 
pec/  pie 
mam  met 
mal  ice 
scoun  drel 


coal$ 

type 

grace 

pSck 

groove 

prSnk 

folds 

port 

mode 

wSalth 

mall 

c&sh 

sketch 

foZk$ 

d511 

spite 

&nave 


Birds 

brant 

crane 

crow 

daw 

dove 

duck 

drake 

finch 

goose 

gull 

grouse 

hSn 

hawk 

jay 

kite 
lark 
loon 


and  Fowls. 

bit'  tern 
bus  tard 
buz  zard 
con  dor 
cuck  oo 
cul  ver 
chick  en 
faZ  ctm 
gan  der 
go$  ling 
how  let 
hum  bird 
kill  deer 
lin  net 
mar  tin 
mag  pie 
6s  trich 


spSc'  ter 
sub  jest 
suf  frage 
tat  tie 
vir  gin 
viz  ard 
de  f get' 
de  si^n 
de  cree 
de  vice 
ef  f  Sets 
ho  tel 
fire',  lock 
thr8t  tie 
prdc  ess 
os  tent 
sa  vor 
mis  take' 
pre  tSxt 


ph&n'  torn46 
top  ic 
bal  lot 
gos  sip 
maid  en 
vl$  or 
blem  ish 
pur  pose 
e  diet 
pr5j  e€t 
chat  tel$ 
tav  ern 
mus  ket 
wind  pipe 
meth  od 
to  ken 
o  dor 
Sr  ror 
pre  tSnse' 


gAost 

theme 

vote 

prate 

maid 

mask 

fault 

pl£n 

law 

scheme 

goods 

inn 

gun 

throat 

eoarse 

show 

taste 

fault 

show 


owl 

quail62 

rook 

snipe 

stork 

swan 

thrush 

turen 

ea'  gle 

e  meu 

her  on 

I  bis 

par  rot 

ra  ven 

rSb  in 

teal 

tern 

geese 

bgv'y 


pig'  eon33 
phea$  ant46 
rad  dock 
spar  row 
star  ling 
tur  key 
vult  ure40 
wid  geon52 
man  a  kin 
pel  i  can 
ca  na  ry 
swaV  low 
snow  bird 
ma  caw' 
pea'  cock 
mill  lard 
sis  kin 
par  triage 
r£d  wing 


5 


50 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


duF  cet 
fra-e  Hons71 
gal  lant 
sttir  dy 
squal  id62 
svvarth  j 
sub  tie 
sport  ive 
vSp  id 
ver  dant 
viv  id 
aws  tere' 
be  ni^n 
de  mure 
in  firm 
su  perb 


-Adjectives.  

luS*  CZOUS6' 

snap  pish 
val  iant39 
hard  y 
filth  y 
taw  ny 
•eraft  y 
pla^  ful 
taste  less 
vi  rent 
live  ly 
rig  id 
gra  cious6 
so  ber 
fee  hie 
show  j 


sweet 

•erctes 

brave 

strong 

foul 

dark 

sly 

mj 

stale 

green 

hright 

stern 

kind 

grave 

weak 

grand 


Weapons 

balls 

darts 

dirks 

gun$ 

pikes 

spear$ 

sword$ 

States  of 
WTater. 

ram 

hail 

snow 

ice 

frost 

dew22 

mist 


of  War. 

bil'  bo 
€ut  lass 
•ear  bine 
-eSn  non 
dag  ger 
hal  berd 
mor  tar 
mus  ket 
pis  tol 
pon  iard39 
rl  fie 
sa  ber 
fu  $ee' 
spon  toon 
fire'  lock 
fire-arm$ 


SECTI 

Couplets  of  Words  unlike  in 


Ac  cept',  to  receive  with  favor. 
Ex  cept,  to  leave  out. 

A-e  cess',  a  near  approach. 
Ex  cfiss,  improper  indulgence. 
Af  fect',  to  operate  upon. 
Ef  fect,  result ;  influence. 
A  loud',  loudly  ;  audibly. 
Al  lowjsd,  suffered  to  pass.  [of. 
Ap  praise',  to  estimate  the  value 
Ap  prise,  to  inform  ;  make  known. 
ar'  rant,  very  bad ;  wicked. 
:er  rand,  the  business  of  one  sent. 
er  rant,  wandering ;  wild, 
j  Bar'  on,  a  title  of  nobility. 
Bar  ren,  unfruitful ;  sterile. 
-Gar'  rot,  a  vegetable. 
•Gar  at,  a  weight  of  four  grains. 
\  -Cast'  er,  a  small  wheel. 
;  -Gas  tor,  a  beaver, 
j     Coins'  er,  a  vase  for  incense, 
i     C£n  sor,  one  who  censures. 
;  De  cerise',  a  departure  from  life. 
I  Dis  ease,  sickness  ;  disorder. 


ON  IX. 

Pronunciation  and  Meaning. 

De  scent',  a  coming  down  ;  line- 

Dis  sent,  to  differ  in  opinion,  [age. 
De  sert',  merit;  worth. 
Des  sert,  a  service  of  fruits. 

Di'  vers,  several ;  sundry. 

Di  vtnsE,  different;  unlike. 
E  merg.e',  to  rise  out  of. 
Im  merges,  to  plunge  into. 

Fol'  lo*f,  to  go  or  come  after,  [ed. 

Fal'  lotf,  land  plowed  but  not  sow- 
Fell'  er,  one  who  cuts  down 
Eel  lott,  an  associate.  [trees. 

Fish'  er,  one  who  catches  fish. 

Fis  sure6940,  a  cleft;  a  chasm. 
Gen' ius39,  a  peculiar  native  gift. 
Ge  nus,  a  group  of  species. 

Gla'  zier90,  one  who  sets  glass. 

Gla  c/er,  ice-field  of  the  Alps. 
H6l'  lott,  empty;  a  low  place,  j 
Hal  lotf,  to  keep  sacred. 

V  DLU,  not  employed ;  lazy. 

i  dol,  an  image  to  be  worshiped,  j 

i  dyl,  a  short  pastoral  poem. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  51 


SECTION  X. 


ad'  age 
baw  ble 
bib  ber 
sub  stance 
bol  ster 
brig  and 
eus  torn 
for  ceps 
garb  age 
ggn  tile 
hub  bub 
ail  merit 
pu  pil 
rap  me 
ser  aph46 
ten  or 

thrall'  dom 
vor  tex 
as  sawlt' 
af  fair$ 
be  hSst 
re  sponse 
d&s'  tard 
hear  say 
8s  say 

art'  ful 
ea  ger 
gib  bous 
bosk  y 
clam  my 
di$  mal 
sta  ble 
scant  y 
murk  y 


 Nouns.  

prov'  erb 
gew  gaw22 
tip  pier 
bod  y 
ciish  zon34 
ban  dit 
prae  tic# 
pin  cer$ 
6f  fal 
hea  then 
tu  mult 
ill  ness 
stu  dent 
plun  der 
cher  ub 
pur  port 

slaV  er  y 
U  dy 
at  tack' 
con  cern$ 
com  mand 
re  ply 
cow'  ard 
ru  mor 
at  tempt' 

Adjectives. 

craft'  y 
ar  dent 
c5n  vex 
syl  van 
vis  cous 
lu  rid 
fixed82 
spar  ing 
cloud  y 


say'  ing 
tri  Qe 
drink  er 
mat  ter 
pil  low 
rob  ber 
il  sage40 
nip  per$ 
ref  use 
pa  gan 
up  roar 
sick  ness 
schol  ar 
pil  lage 
an  gel 
mean  ing 

bond'  age 
whirl  pool49 
Sn  set 
bu$  i  ness17 
man  date 
an  swer 
pol  troon' 
re  port 
tr?  al 

cun'  ning 
earn  est 
round  ing 
wood  y 
stick  y 
gloom  y 
stead  y 
nar  row 
ob  scure' 


Species  of  Plants. 

bar'  tram 
be  hen 
b§n  net 
bul  rush 
bur  dock 
bur  net 
c&b  bage 
cas  sia81 
cat  tail 
cat  nip 
cow  i£ch 
cow  slip 
colts  foot 
cock  \e 
cum  in 
com  frey 

dai'  $y 
fen  nel 
gar  lie 
gin  seng 
hys  sop 
l  vy 
ka  li 
ISn  til 
let  tuce17 
lov  age 
IT  chen 
mad  der 
mal  low 
man  drake 
mil  let 
car  rot 
mul  len 
mus  tard 
asp  ic 


52 


TWJ'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


dump'  ish 
mor  tal 
noi  some 
pa  geant 
reck  less 
sen  ior39 
ser  rate 
som  ber 
taw  dry 
tu  mid 
a  far' 
ur  bane 
•eryp'  tie 
frou  zy 
lout  ish 
se  cret 
way  ward 


ab  Solve' 
ab  stam 
ae  quaint62 
ae  cord 
as  sert 
be  guile 
€0  erce 
•eon  fute 
com  mune 
«le  f  er 
en  treat 
en  hancc 
ex  ceed 
in  vgnt 
mam  tarn 
pro  rogue 
re  cede 
re  store 


-Adjectives.-  

stu.'  pid 
dead  ly 
nox  itfus60 
pomp  ous 
heed  less 
eld  er 
jag  ged 
dusk  y 
gawd  y 
tur  gid 
re  mote' 
po  lite 
oe  cult 
miis'  ty 
-elown  ish 
prT  vate 
fro  ward 


 Verba.  

ac  quit'62 
re  fram 
ap  prise 
as  sent 
a  ver 
de  lude 
con  strain 
re  fute 
•eon  verse 
de  lay 
be  seech 
Rug  ment 
ex  eel 
•eon  trlve 
sup  port 
pro  tract 
re  treat 
re  turn 


sleep'  y 
fa  tal 
hurt  ful 
show  y 
care  less 
old  er 
no£ch  ed 
gloom  y 
show  y  . 
swoll  en 
dis  tant 
gen  teel' 
hid'  den 
fet  id 
elum  $y 
un  seen' 
per  verse 


dis  charge' 
for  bear 
in  form 
a  gree 
af  firm 
de  cezve 
com  pSl 
dis  prove 
dis  course 
post  pone 
im  plore 
in  erease 
sur  pass 
de  vise 
sus  tain 
pro  16ng 
with  draw 
re  place 


Tree  and  its  Fruit. 

cher'  ry 
ches£  nut 
cit  ron 
ai  mond 
Sp  pie 
lem  on 
man"  go 
or  ange 
wal  nut 
c6f  fee 
81  ive 
pa  pat#' 
gua'  va38 

Trees. 

ma'  pie 
myr  tie 
SI  oe 


u'  pas40 
stSd  die 
as  pen 
ban  yan 
•earn  phor46 
ce  dar 
cy  press 
fus  tie 
hem  lock 
lau  rel 
lm  den 
pop  lar 
man"  grove 
ar'  bute 
pSck  wood 
•earn  wood 
dog  wood 
log  wood 
rose  wood 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  53 


por  tgnd' 
re  nounc£ 
back'  bite 
eon  v§y' 
de  prave 
dis  tiirb 
ex  hcrt 
ex  pand 
ex  pound 
en  sue 
im  pede 
in  tSnd 
pre  diet 
bick'  er 
bab  ble 
erum  iple 
fur  bish 


glit'  ter 
nurt  ure40 
shack  le 
dan  die 
grum  ble 
ig  nite' 
6f '  fer 
rSck  on 
sol  ace 
res  pite 
a  larm' 
af  fliet 
em  broil 
trans  act 
un  brace 
see'  ond 
war  rant 
per  feet 
op  piiflm' 


 Verbs.  

pre  sage' 
di$  own 
de  fame 
trans  port 
eor  rupt 
mo  lest 
ad  vise 
dis  tSnd 
ex  plain 
sue  ceed 
re  tard 
de  sign 
fore  tSll 
jan"  gle 
prat'  tie 
rum  iple 
burn  ish 

glTs'  ten 
noxxv  ish 
hop  pie 
ea  ress' 
eom  plam 
in  flame 
pre  $ent 
eom  pute 
eon  sole 
sus  pend 
start'  \e 
dis  trSss' 
in  volve 
per  form 
re  lax 
sup  port> 
se  eure 
fin'  ish 
op  po$e' 


fore  shozv' 
dis  elazm 
slan'  der 
ear  ry 
vi"  ti  ate 
troub'  Ye 
eoun  sel 
di  late' 
un  fold 
f  81'  low 
hin  der 
pur  pose 
fore  show' 
wan"  gle 
prate 
wrink!  le 
pol  ish 

spark'  le 
cher  ish 
fet  ter 
fon  die 
raur  mur 
kin  die 
pro  po$e' 
num'  ber 
eom  fort 
de  la?/ 
fright'  en 
troub  le 
dis  traet' 
m£n'  age 
slack  en 
pro  mote' 
in  sure69 
eom  plete 
at  tack 


Species  of  Plants. 

on'  ion39 
pars  nep 
pars  ley 
pump  kin 
plant  ain 
rad  ish 
sal  ad 
seall  ion39 
sor  rel 
tan  $y 
tea  $el 
this  tie 
tu  lip 
tur  nip 
r/m  barb 
mel  on 
bam  boo' 

Dogs. 

bar'  bet 
ban  dog 
bea  gle 
mas  tiff 
pup  py 
span  iel39 

Shrubs. 

al'  der 
bri  er 
ha  zel 
h£n  bane 

Trees. 

red-oak 
live-oak 
black-oak 
white-oak49 
wil  low 
shad  dock 


54 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


blink'  ing 
chat  ting 
crook  ing 
cant  ing 
drag  ging 
drub  bing 
deal  ing 
ford  ing 
fu$  ing 
fling  in£ 
grub  bing 
gull  ing 
hail  ing 
hoist  ing 
heal  ing 
harm  ing 
jad  ing 


-Participles.- 


SECTION  XI. 


wink'  ing 
taik  ing 
bSnd  ing 
toss  ing 
dm#  ing 
beat  ing 
trad  ing 
wad  ing 
smelt  ing 
cast  ing 
dig  ging 
trick  ing 
call  ing 
rai$  ing 
cur  ing 
hiirt  ing 
tir  ing 


-Participles.- 


blos'  som  ing 
ca  per  ing 
cen  sur  ing69 
col  or  ing 
f  am  ish  ing 
hec  tor  ing 
la  bor  ing 
num  ber  ing 
piir  chas  ing 
plun  der  ing 
pil  fer  ing 
red  den  ing 
riv  et  ing 
sev  er  ing 
tow  er  ing 
trav  ers  ing 
wan  der  ins: 


blow'  ing 
skip  ping 
blam  ing 
dye  ing 
starv  ing 
vSx  ing 
toil  ing 
count  ing 
huj  ing 
r<5b  bing 
steal  ing 
blush  ing 
clinch  ing 
part  ing 
soar  ing 
crQss  ing 
rov  ing 


loan  ing 
la?^d  ing 
lash  ing 
leap  ing 
push  ing 
pil  ing 

P%  ing 
quit  ting 
shut  ting 
slay  ing 
test  ing 
ty  ing 
veer  ing 
vend  ing 
wait  ing 
win  ning 
wind  ing 
warp  ing 
star  ins 


lend'  ing 
prai$  ing 
whip  ping 
jump  ing 
iirg  ing 
heap  ing 
sport  ing 
leav  ing 
clo$  ing 
kill  ing 
try  ing 
bind  ing 
chang  ing 
sSll  ing 
stay  ing 
gain  ing 
turn  ing 
twist  ing 
gaz  ing 


a  void'  ing 
as  sist  ing 
be  stow  ing 
be  ftt  ting 
con  fid  ing 
dif  fu$  ing 
de  fray  ing 
ex  tSnd  ing 
e  vine  ing 
per  form  ing 
re  tain  ing 
re  po$  ing 
sa  lut  ing 
in  clin  ing 
way'  lay  ing 
wea-ry  ing 
se  cret'  ing 
re  buk  ing 
pe  ru$  ing 


shun'  ning 
aid  ing 
giv  ing 
suit  ing 
trust  ing 
spread  ing 
pay  ing 
reach  ing 
prov  ing 
do  ing 
hold  ing 
r8st  ing 
greet  ing 
lean  ing 
\va£ch  ing 
tir  ing 
hid  ing 
chid  ing 
read  ing 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINEB.  55 


SECTION  XII. 


-Adrerb8.- 


&pt'  ly 
brzef  ly 
blSnk  ly 
clean  ly 
bare  ly 
cheer  ly 
du  ly 
famt  ly 
frank  ly 
firm  ly 
fleet  ly 
fresh  ly 
gent  ly 
glib  ly 
good  ly 
gross  ly 


fit'  ly 
short  ly 
pale  ly 
nice  ly 
mere  ly 
live  ly 
fit  ly 
fee  bly 
free  ly 
strfing  ly 
swift  ly 
new  ly22 
sdft  ly 
smooth  ly 
come  ly 
coarse  ly 


bSsh'  ful  ly 
drear  i  ly 
dis  tant  ly 
fa  tal  ly 
filth  i  ly 
for  ward  ly 
grate  ful  ly 
gib  ing  ly 
h&p  pi  ly 
hancZ  some  ly 
harm  ful  ly 
heart  i  ly 
heed  ful  ly 
ho  li  ly 
lSv  ish  ly 
16  gal  ly 


-  Adverbs  .- 


mSd'  est  ly 
gloom  i  ly 
re  mote'  ly 
mor'  tal  ly 
dirt  i  ly 
ea  ger  ly 
pl£a$  ant  ly 
scorn  ful  ly 
luck  i  ly 
grace  ful  ly 
hurt  ful  ly 
sin  cere'  ly 
c&re'  ful  ly 
pi  ous  ly 
waste  ful  ly 
law  ful  ly 


gruff'  ly 

gayly 

low  ly 
mild  ly 
plain  ly 
pert  ly 
plump  ly 
poor  ly 
riffht  ly 
sage  ly 
sharp  ly 
slack  ly 
scant  ly 
snug  ly 
stern  ly 
strict  ly 
vast  ly 
base  ly 
queer  ly62 


rough  ly45 
fine  ly 
meek  ly 
caZm  ly 
clear  ly 
smart  ly 
round  ly 
mean  ly 
just  ly 
wT$e  ly 
keen  ly 
loose  ly 
scarce  ly 
safe  ly 
harsh  ly 
close  ly 
great  ly 
vile  ly 
odd  ly 


pru'  dent  ly 
play  ful  ly 
pgn  sive  ly 
peace  ful  ly 
pee  vish  ly 
per  feet  ly 
per  verse'  ly 
po  lite  ly 
pre  cise  ly 
pri'  vate  ly 
slug  gish  ly 
sin  ful  ly 
scant  i  ly 
tim  id  ly 
tac  it  ly 
ver  i  ly 
vi"  ciom  ly 
de  cent  ly 
stm  gi  ly 


dis  creet'  ly 
sport'  ive  ly 
so  ber  ly 
qui  et  ly62 
frgt  ful  ly 
com  plete'  ly 
stub'  born  ly 
gen  teel'  ly 
ex  act ly 
se'  cret  ly 
la  zi  ly 
wick  ed  ly 
nar  row  ly 
cow  ard  ly 
si  lent  ly 
cer  tain  ly 
cor  rupt'  ly 
pr5p'  er  ly 
nig  gard  ly 


56 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


-Nouns.- 


SECTION  XIII. 

 v     ,  Nouns.— 


8T  ti  tiide 
bev  er  age 
ean  ti  ele 
eal  u  met40 
€on  di  ment 
era  ni  urn 
cru  ci  fix 
dSs  ti  ny 
dom  i  cile 
firm  a  ment 
fur  be  low 
fo  li  age 
gSm  i  ni 
eon  fi  dence 
id  i  ot 
in  te  ger 


height 

drink 

song 

pipe 

&§uce 

skull 

eross 

fate 

house 

sky 

flounce 

leaves 

twin$ 

trust 

fool 

whole 


af  f  Se'  tion79 
arm'  is  tice 
bra  va'  do 
cse  $u  ra 
eol  li$  ion92 
eon  eus  sion80 
•eon  ver  sion78 
eon  tu  $ion91 
eom  pul  sion 
de  cep  tion 
di  ree  tion 
lig'  a  ture 
mo  nas'  tie 
o  bei  sance 
o  ra  tion 
pa  vil  ion39 


love 

truce 

brSg 

pa^$e 

elash 

shock 

change 

brui$e 

force 

cheat 

eourse 

band 

monk 

bow 

speech 

tSnt 


Quadrupeds. 

ape 

bear 

buck 

eow 

eaZf 

eolt 

deer 

dbg 

Slk 

fawn 

goat 

h3,rt 

hSg 

horse 

hind 

hound 


lar*  ce  ny 
lSt  i  tude 
Ion  gi  tude 
mae  u  la40 
moi  e  ty 
Sr  i  gin 
or  i  $on 
par  a  gram 
per  qui  site62 
par  ent  age 
rSm  e  dy 
ret  i  nue 
sus  te  nance 
sur'  cin"  gle 
seo'  ri  a 
pa  geant  ry 
hap  haz'  ard 
man  da  mus 
per  eus  sion80 


theft 

breadth 

length 

spot 

haZf 

source 

pr%'  er 

pun 

fee 

birth 

eure 

train 

food 

girth 

drSs3 

show 

chance 

writ 

stroke 


po  ta'  tion79 
eat/  a  logwe 
no  ble  man 
tSst  a  ment 
ter  ma  gant 
vSs  ti  bule 

Adjectives. 

bf  na  ry 
seur  ril  ous 
sin  is  ter 
sor  row  ful 
sim  i  lar 
in  fer'  tile 
pro  dig  zous43 
un  eom  mon 
pre'  ter  it 
im  po  lite' 
nSe'  tar  ous 
ace'  tous 


draught45 
list 
peer 
will 
seold 
porch 

two 
vile 

bad 

sad 
like 
bare 
huge 
rare 
past 
rude 
sweet 
sour 


mare 

mule 

moose 

Sx 

roe 

swine 

shote 

sheep 

stSg 

steer 

wolf 

whSlp49 

lamJ 

kid 

Pig 

fox 

nag 

eub 

eur 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


57  J 


,  Verbs .  — 

com'  pro  mit 
•eoun  ter  feit 
81  e  vate 
heb  e  tate 
jac  u  late40 
lac  er  ate 
nav  i  gate 
nom  i  nate 
ob  li  gate 
in  to  nate 
pen  e  trate 
pu  ri  fy 
ru  mi  nate 
sig  ni  fy 
term  in  ate 
tu  me  fy 
un  du  late 


-Verbs. - 


pledge 

forge 

raise 

blunt 

dart 

tear 

sail 

name 

bind 

sound 

pierce 

-elean$e 

muse 

mean 

gnd 

swell 

wave 


cie'  a  trize 
fab  rie  ate 
flag  el  late 
ger  mi  nate 
p51  pi  tate 
tor  re  fy 
dis  «61'  or 
in  hab  it 


heal 

frame 

scourge 

sprout 

thrSb 

parch 

tinge 

dwell 


re  lin  quish^  leave 

veg*  e  tate  sprout 

sac  ri  fice85  slai/ 

des  pu  mate  froth 

en  cum'  ber  load 

ad  vent  ure40  dare 

in  -eurv  ate  bend 

tan'  ta  lize  tease 

o  ver  stock'  fill 


cure 

bidld 

lash 

bud 

beat 

dry 

stain 

live 

quit62 

grow 

kill 

foam 

€log 

risk 
crook 
plague 
crowd 


de  m5n'  strate 
dis  com  fit 
en  &m  or 
ex  hib  it 
ex  tin"  guish36 
un  der  stand' 
im  por  tune 
gas  con  ade 
o  ver  -east 
o  ver  pass 
o  ver  take 
un  der  mine 
scar'  i  fy 
sur  ren'  der 
sat'  u  rate40 
cor  us  -eate 
pu  tre  fy 
eon  trib'  iite 
de  nud  ate 


prove 

rout 

charm 

show 

quench62 

know 

urge 

boast 

•cloud 

erdss 

ea£ch 

sap 

scratch 

yield 

fill 

flash 

rot 

give 

strip 


-Nouns.- 


gr&v'  i  ty  weight 
log  ger  head  dolt 
mer  chan  di$e  goods 
sep  ul  ther  grave 
spee  ta  cle 
in  ci$'  ion92 
mag'  ni  tude 
sis  na  ture 


ex  plic'  it 
in  trep  id 
la  €on  ie 
prln'  ci  pal 
sa  pi  ent 
met  tie  some 
val  or  ous 
vig  or  ous 
virt  u  ous40 


show 
gash 
bulk 
sign 

Adjectives. 

slear 
brave 
brief 
main 
sage 
brisk 
brave 
strong 
good 


heft 

dunce 

wares 

tomfi 

sight 

cut 

size 

mark 

plain 

bold 

short 

chief 

wise 

m 

bold 

stout 

chaste 


58 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SECTION  XIV. 


-Nouns.- 


an'  nal$ 
al  ien89 
bo  nus 
eap  tive 
cen  sus 
chi  na 
■elois  ter 
chap  man 
de$  ert 
gar  ner 
gen  try 
horn  age 
jus  tice 
in  quest62 
nun  cid  67 
out  rage 


ehron'  i  ek$ 
for  eign  er 
pre  mi  um 
pri$  on  er 
num  ber  ing 
por  ce  lam 
nun  ner  y 
mark  et  man 
wil  der  ness 
gran  a  ry 
gen  tie  men 
rev  er  ence 
eq  ui  tyg 
in  qui'  ry 
mgs'  sen  ger 
vT  o  \ence 


ba'  sis 
eha  os 
eon  cert 
dis  eount 
ex  it 
her  aid 
jii  rist 
ni  ter 
nm  sanc<? 
pa  tron 
prSc  ess 
see  tion79 
traz  tor 
ty  ro 
uri€  tion 
ver  sion78 


-Nouns.- 


foun  da'  tion79 
eon  fu  $ion91 
a  gree  ment 
de  due  tion 
de  part  ure40 
pro  el  ami  er 
ci  vil  ian39 
salt  pe  ter 
an  noy  anc<? 
sup  port  er 
pro  ceed  ing$ 
di  vi$  ion92 
be  tray  er 
be  gin  ner 
a  noint  ing 
trans  la  tion 


mid'  riff 
par  son 
pea$  ant 
pil  grim 
port  er 
prox  y 
quan  turn62 
sam  iple 
stir  plus 
vie  tor 
va  grant 
vig  or 
wiz  ard 
mad  ness 
mo  tive 
dis  like' 
de  f Snse 
neg  leet 
farm'  er 


di'  a  phra<7m46 
eler  gy  man 
eoun  try  man 
trav  el  er 
ear  ri  er 
sub  sti  tute 
quan  ti  ty 
spec  i  men 
o  ver  plus 
eSn  quer  or57 
vag  a  bond 
en  er  gy 
eon  jur  er 
dis  trae'  tion79 
in  duce  ment 
a  ver  sion78 
pro  t&e  tion 
o  mis  sion80 
hu$'  band  man 


be  quest'62 
de  spair 
ga  zette 
gran  dee 
fa  t'igwe 

e5n'  trite 
do  cite 
du  ly 
f  I  nite 
youth  ful 
di  verse' 
dis  junet 


leg'  a  cy 
hope  less  ness 
new$  pa  per22 
no  bte  man 
wea  ri  ness 

Adjectives. 

pgn'  i  tent 
teach  a  bte 
prSp  er  ly 
lim  it  ed 
ju  ve  nite 
dlf  fer  ent 
sep  a  rate 


gro  tesq^e57  lu  di  erous 


un  safe 
eost'  ly 
harm  less 
a  kin' 
ab  struse 


h&z  ard  ous 
ex  pen'  sive 
in  nox  zous00 
re  lat  ed 
dif  fi  eult 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


59 


-Adjectives.- 


po7  tent 
ruth  less 
sun  dry 
stag  nant 
dead  ly 
con  stant 
bank  rupt 
de  cent 
f&l  low 
mor  bid 
o  val 
pSp  tie 
a  ware' 
con  dT^n 
re  bate 
se  date 
de  void 


pow'  er  ful 
pit  i  less 
sev  er  al 
mo  tion  less79 
de  struct'  ive 
un  chang  ing 
in  s51v  ent 
be  €om  ing 
un  soived! 
di$  eased 
el  lip'  tic 
di  gest  ive 
ap  prised' 
de  served 
de  due'  tion 
com  posed' 
dSs'  ti  tute 


^  Verbs.- 

ae  eou'  ter 
be  wfl  der 
con  sum  mate 
de  ter  mine 
en  com  pass 
en  v£l  op 
ex  pa  ti  ate71 
re  cov  er 
Sr'  ro  gate 
ag  i  tate 
al  ien  ate39 
cXl  cu  late 
cul  ti  vate 
crim  i  nate 
ded  i  cate 
det  o  nate 
der  o  gate 


e  quip'62 
con  fu$e 
per'  feet 
de  clde' 
sur  round 
in  strap 
en  large 
re  gam 
as  sume 
dis  tiirb 
es  trange 
com  pute 
im  prove 
ac  cu$e 
de  vote 
ex  plode 
de  tract 


-Verbs.- 


a  maze 
de  range 
il  lume 
cap  size' 
dis  seize 
de  tach 
in  spect 
im  pend 
pre  vail 
sub  vert 
r£s'  cue 
re  quite'62 
"but  root 
en  rich 
out  wit 
d\P  fer 
sun  der 
fl  val 


as  ton'  ish 
dis  or  der 
en  li^At  en 
o  ver  turn' 
dis  pos  sgss 
dis  en  gage 
ex  am'  ine 
o  ver  h&ng' 
q  ver  come 
o  ver  throw 
de  llv'  er 
rec'  om  pense 
ex  tir'  pate 
fer'  til  ize 
o  ver  reach' 
dis  a  gree 
sSp'  a  rate 
em  u  late40 


ed''  u  cate40 
ex  pi  ate 
ex  pli  cate 
grat  i  fy 
it  er  ate 
mys  ti  fy 
mit  i  gate 
mul  ti  ply 
mag  ni  fy 
man  ci  pate 
or  na  ment 
pSc  i  fy 
glo  ri  fy 
t51  er  ate 
rec  ti  fy 
ter  ri  fy 
un  der  take' 
re  cSpt'  ure40 
har'  mo  nize 


in  struct' 
a  tone 
un  fold 
in  dulge 
re  peat 
ob  scure 
as  suage36 
in  crease 
en  large 
en  slave 
a  dorn 
ap  pease 
ex  tftl 
al  low 
cor  rSct 
fvight'  en 
en  gage' 
re  take 
a  gree 


68 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


proph'  e  sy46 
r£t  i  fy 
ren  o  vate 
vil  i  fy 
vin  di  -eate 
al  ter  eate 
ex  pe  dite 
eat  e  ehi$e 
eom  pli  ment 
eon  se  erate 
eor  ru  gate 
ful  mi  nate 
gu&r  an  ty 
ir  ri  gate 
in  du  rate 
mad  o  fy 
mol  li  fy 


pre  diet' 
eon  firm 
re  new22 
de  fame 
de  fend 
wrifai"  gle 
has£  en 
qu&t  iong 
flat  ter 
hal  hw 
wink  le 
thun  der 
war  rant 
wa  ter 
hard  en 
moist  en 
soft  en 


,  Nouns.- 

ar  ea'  na 
ap  p&r  el 
a  sy  lum 
a  vul  sion78 
mi  ro  ra 
a  bun  dance 
al  II  ance 
eom  bus  tion39 
eom  mo  tion79 
eog  ni"  tion 
de  cerp'  tion 
dis  ci  pie 
ef  ful  gence 
e  nig  ma 
e  pis  tie 
er  ra  turn 
ex  er  tion 


se'  erets 
-eloth  ing 
ref  uge 
rend  ing 
morn  ing 
plSn  ty 
un  ion^ 
burn  ing 
tu  mult 
knftwl  edge 
pluck  ing 
learn  er 
bright  ness 
rid  die 
let  ter 
er  ror 
ef  fort 


sclri  til  late 
e  Ion"  gate 
en  r&pt'  ure40 
im  ag  ine 
ap  per  tain' 
eSn'  tro  vert 
eo  a  ISsee' 
cir  eum  vent 
ef  fer  vesee 
in  ter  diet 
per  se  vere 
rep  re  hend 
ad  ver  tl$e 
dis  ap  pear 
eoun  ter  vail 
o  ver  poi$e 
eon  den'  sate 
be  spat  ter 
trans  fig  ure40 


spark'  \e 
length  en 
trans  port/ 

an  cy 
be  16ng' 
dis  pute 
u  nite40 
de  ceive 
fer  m&it 
for  bid 
per  sist 
re  prove 
pub'  lish 
van  ish 
bal  ance 
out  \?§\gh' 
eom  pr^ss 
sprlnk'  \e 
trans  form' 


ex  eur'  sion78 
in  sur  gent 
mo  ni"  tion 
per  mis'  sion80 
phy  $i"  cian46 
quin  tes'  sence62 
sa  II  va 
sue  ces  sion80 
su  da  tion79 
vo  11"  tion 
bag  a  tSUe' 
Sp'  er  ture 
lev  i  ty 
mag  ni  tude 
mut  ter  er 
rab  id  ness 
qui  et  ness62 
ma  ture'  ness 
lSg*  a  cy 


r&m'  bling 
reb  el 
warn  ing 
H  cense 
doe  tor 
es  sence 
spit  tie 
se  rie$ 
sweat  ing 
will  ing 
trifle 
o  pen  ing 
light  ness 
great  ness 
grum  bier 
mad  nods 
ea?m  ness 
ripe  aess 
be  Muest'c: 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINEE. 


61 


-Nouns. - 


Sm'  i  ty 
ag  o  ny 
an  te  past 
ab  lep  sy 
arch  i  test 
brgv  i  ty 
jeal  urn  ny 
ear  ti  lage 
e&t  a  pla$m 
chiv  al  ry 
cov  e  nant 
cus  to  dy 
det  ri  ment 
dis  si  dence 
di  a  ry 
Sd  i  fice 
em  bas  sy 


friend'  ship 
an"  guish36 
fore'  taste 
blind  ness 
build  er 
short  ness 
slan  der 
gris  tie 
powl  tice 
knight  hood 
e5n  tract 
keep  ing 
dam  age 
dis  cord 
joiir  nal 
bitild  ing 
mes  sage 


-Nouns.- 


pa?/  ci  ty 
p5p  u  lace40 
pr6s  e  lyte 
pl£n  i  tude 
pu  gil  ist 
ratt  ci  ty 
r£g  i  men 
reg  is  ter 
res  er  voir37 
rli  bi'  go 
sa'  pi  enc£ 
s51  i  tude 
spec  i  men 
spec  u  lum40 
sum  ma  ry 
tet  a  nus 
fal  la  cy 


few'  ness22 
pec?  pie 
cSn  vert 
full  ness 
bSx  er 
hoarse  ness 
di  et 
r&c  ord 
cis  tern 
mil  dew22 
wi$  dom 
lone  ness 
s&m  pie 
mir  ror 
ab  stract 
lock  jaw 
de  ceit' 


en"  tre  po*'4 
f  am'  i  ly 
frip  per  y 
gib  ber  ish 
har  mo  ny 
hu$  band  ry 
in  cu  bus 
lib  er  ty 
man  a  cle 
men  di  cant 
o  di  um 
rS$  i  due 
pu  ri  ty 
p&r  a  mbur 
par  a  digm 
vo  ca  tion79 
par'  a  pet 
con  ver'  sion78 


la  ry 


39 


ware'  house 
house  hold 
trl  fle$ 
jar  gon 
cSn  cord 
till  age 
night  mare 
free  dom 
shack  le 
beg  gar 
ha  tred 
rSm  nant 
clean  ness 
lov  er 
m8d  el 
call  ing 
r&m  part 
turn  ing 
help  er 


har'  le  qirin57  buf  foon' 

mal  a  dy  di$  ea$e 

a  chieve'  ment  ex  ploit 

in  ten  tion79  de  sign 

im  mer  sion78  plung'  ing 

re  d£mp  tion  ran  som 

•com  pact  ness  eloso  ness 

trans  gress  or  sin  ner 

con  else  ness  brief  ness 

pr5d'  i  gy  won  der 

Sir  i  ness  gag  ness 


Adjectives. 


&n'  nu  al 
ar  ro  gant 
ca  pa  ble 
ciir  so  ry 
dge  u  pie40 
des  pe  rate 
pi  aw  $i  hie 


year'  ly 
h&ugh  ty 
a  ble 
has  ty 
t8n  fold 
hope  less 
spe  czousr 


07 


/ 


62 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


-Adjectives. - 


du'  bi  cms 
du  pli  €ate 
dur  a  b\e 
el  e  gant 
fin  i  -eal 
fort  u  nate40 
frue  tu  ous 
hid  e  ous 
in  do  lent 
lu  mi  nous 
lu  so  ry 
max  i  mum 
dis  gust'  ful 
n£g'  li  gent 
o  di  oxxs 
op  por  tune' 
pet'  ii  lant40 
pon  der  oxxs 


doufo'  ful 
doub  \e 
last  ing 
grace  ful 
f  Sp  pish 
luck  y 
fruit  ful 
frl^At  ful 
la  zy 
shin  ing 
play  ful 
great  est 
loath  soma 
heed  less 
hate  ful 
time  ly 
frSt  ful 
weight  y 


-Adjectives.- 


de  f  1"  czent 
ef  ful'  gent 
e  las  tie 
fa  ce  U'ous71 
li  qu£s  cent62 
qui  es  cent 
vi  va  czflus67 
&e!  eu  rate 
eourt  e  ous 
suf  f I"  cient 
tan'  ta  mount 
prob  a  b\e 
quad  ru  rAe 
quin  tu  rAe 
se  ri  0us 
so  no'  reus 
sumpt'  u  ous40 
trip  li  eate 


want'  ing 
shin  ing 
spring  y 
sport  \ve 
melt  ing 
rest  ing 
live  ly 
ex  act' 
po  lite 
e  nough45 
e'  qual62 
like  ly 
iouv  fold 
five  fold 
sSl  enm 
sound  ing 
cost  ly 
three  fold 


SECTION  XV. 
Couplets  of  Words  unlike  in  Pronunciation  and  Meaning. 


Lev'  ee,  an  assembly  of  visitors. 
Levy,  to  impose  and  collect,  [tion. 

Leav'  jen,  that  causes  fermenta- 

E  lev'  jen,  ten  with  one  added. 
Mar'  tin,  a  kind  of  swallow. 
Mar  ten,  a  kind  of  weasel.  [ly. 

Med'  dlje,  to  take  part  officious- 

Med  al,  piece  of  metal,  stamped. 
Mus'  terjed,  collected,  as  troops. 
Mus  tard,  a  plant  and  its  seed. 

6t'  ter,  an  amphibious  animal. 

6t  tar,  the  essence  of  roses. 
Pas'  tor,  the  minister  of  a  church. 
Past  ure40,  grazing  land,  [goods. 

Ped'  dlje,  to  travel  and  retail 

Ped  al,  foot-key  of  a  piano,  &c. 
Pend'  ant,  a  long  narrow  flag  at 
Pend  ent,  hanging,  [mast-head. 

PiV  lar,  a  supporting  column. 

Pillow,  a  cushion  for  the  head. 
Pi'  ny,  abounding  with  pines. 
Pe'  o  ny,  a  plant  and  flower. 


Pum'  icje,  a  light,  porous  stone. 
Pom  ace,  fruit  crushed  or  ground. 

Pis'  til,  the  pointal  of  a  flower. 

Pis  tol,  the  smallest  of  fire-arms. 
Pit7  ijed,  had  sympathy  for. 
Pit  ted,  marked  by  the  small-pox. 

Pri'  er,  one  who  pries. 

Pri  or,  before  ;  formerly. 
Red'  dish,  somewhat  red. 
Had  ish,  an  esculent  plant,  [things. 

Re  cejpt',  direction  for  making 

Rec'i  pe,  a  medical  prescription. 
Rel'  ic,  that  which  remains. 
Rel  ict,  a  widow. 

Stat'  ue40,  a  carved  image. 

Stat  ure40,  the  height  of  a  man. 
Tal'  ents,  natural  abilities. 
Tal  ons,  the  claws  of  a  bird. 

Ten' or,  purport ;  part  in  music. 

Ten'  ure40,  a  holding, asof  lands. 
Trea'  tijes,  compacts  of  nations. 
Trea  tisje,  a  written  discourse. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


63 


d£e'  o  rate 
en  lo  gize40 
gor  mand  ize 
in  ti  mate 
in  sti  gate 
lib  er  ate 
mach  i  nate 
rid  i  eule 
stim  u  late40 
eon  ject'  ure40 
in  hib  it 
eon  de  seSnd' 
dis  em  bark 
un  der  go 
dis  sSv7  er 
nu'  mer  ate 


SECTION  XVI. 
-Verbs  x 


a  dorn' 
ex  t»l 
de  vour 
sug  gest 
in  cite 
re  lease 
eon  trive 
de  ride 
ex  cite 
sur  mi$e 
re  strain 
vouch  safe 
de  bark 
en  dure 
s8v'  er 
num  ber 


dgck 

praise 

gorge 

hint 

iirge 

free 

plSn 

mock 

rou$e 

gwgss 

hm'  der 

dei^n 

land 

bear 

part 

-count 


Kinds  of  Cloth. 

baz'  at 
bat  ist 
ben  gal' 
b5n'  ten 
blank  et 
buck  ram 
buff  in 
earn  brie 
earn  let 
can  vas 
ear  pet 
e5t  ton 
e6s  sa$ 
d&m  ask 
drug  get 
duf  fel 


6s'  cil  late 
per  eo  late 
saif  fo  eate 
ap  pre  hend' 
dis  en  gage 
oe  ea'  $ion91 
in  h£r  it 
tran'  quil  ize^ 
pac  i  fy 
dis  fig'  ure40 
in'  flu  ence 
de  vi  ate 
dis  si  pate 
in  sti  tute 
at  tSm'  per 
o  ver  hang' 
de  mSr  ish 
ae  qui  Ssee'62 
in  ter  mit 


vi  brate 
fil  ter 
sti  fle 
ar  rest' 
de  tach 
pro  duce 
pos  sess 
al  lay 
ap  pea$e 
im  pair 
per  suade36 
wan'  der 
se£t  ter 
ap  point' 
soft'  en 
pro  jSet' 
de  strom- 
as s§nt 
sus  pend 


swing 

strain 

choke 

seize 

loose 

eaw$e 

heir 

eaZm 

soothe 

mar 

move 

stra?/ 

waste 

fix 

fit 

jut 

raze 

yield 

cease 


flan'  nel 
flor  ence 
fus  tian39 
grog  ram 
ging  Aam 
hoi  land 
ker  $ey- 
lin  en 
lus  tring 
mu$  lin 
sat  in 
tab  by 
vel  vet 
bro  elide' 
bag'  ging 
nan  keen' 
broad'  sloth 
sheet  ing 
sack  ing 


G4 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


ar'  bi  ter 
coun  te  nance 
fals  i  ty 
pin  na  cle 
sen  ti  nel 
a  mu$e'  ment 
i  o  ta 
Im'  pe  tug 
pro  ba'  tion79 
qui'  e  tu.de62 
dis  sen'  sion78 
ar  ma  da 
con  duet  or 
po'  ten  cy 
cur  ri  cle 
cav  i  ty 
or  di  nance 


— N©uns. — ■  - 

urn'  plre 
vis  age 
f^lse  hood 
sum  mit 
sen  try 
pas  time 
tit  tie 
im  pulse 
tri  al 
re  po$e' 
dis'  cord 
squad  ron62 
lead  er 
pow  er 
car  riage 
cav  ern 
stat  iite40 


judge 

face 

lie 

t5p 

g^ard 

sport 

jSt 

force 

proof 

rest 

strife 

fleet 

chsef 

strength 

chaise 

•cave 

law 


Species  of  Plants. 

a  c&n'  thus 
ba  ril  la 
ci  cu  ta 
nar  cTs  sus 
po  ta  to 
to  ma  to 
to  bac  €0 
car'  a  way 
eel  e  ry 
cic  e  ly 
cham  o  mile 
daf  fo  dil 
eg  lan  tine 
hy  a  cinth 
hel  le  bore 
jes  sa  mine 
in  di  £0 


chev  a  her' 
SI'  i  ment 
art  i  fice 
teg  3  ment40 
i  die  ness 
ap  er  ture 
im  pie  ment 
por  ti  -eo 
sor  cer  ess 
ad  van'  tage 
me  Sn  der 
dis  pr6f  it 

op'  u  lent40 
im  po  tent 
re  luc'  tant 
trans  par  ent 
?ai  thSn  tic 
re  pul  sive 


horse'  man 
nu  tri  ment 
strat  a  gem 
cov  er  ing 
la  zi  ness 
o  pen  ing 
u  ten'  sil 
pi  az  za 
en  chant  ress 
ben'  e  fit 
lab  y  rinth 
det  ri  ment 

Adjectives. 

af '  flu  ent 
im  be  cile 
un  will'  ing 
pel  lu  cid 
gSn'  ii  ine40 
for  bid'  ding 


Jcmght 

food 

trick 

coat 

sloth 

hole 

tool 

porch 

wi£ch 

gam 

maze 

15ss 

rich 

weak 

loth 

clear 

true 

cold 


lSv'  en  der 
mar  i  gold 
sa  vor  y 

Trees. 

but'  ter  nut 
but  ton  wood 
cin  na  mon 
eb  o  ny 
hick  o  ry 
mul  ber  ry 
ev  er  green 
sye  a  more 
white-ce  dar 
re^d-ce  dar 
rock-ma  pie 
soft-ma  pie 
ba  o  bab 
ar  bo  ret 


>us  cle 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DE FINER.  65 


SECTION 
-Verbs.  


XVII. 


at  trib'  ute40 
a  ban  don 
as  sem  ble 
ae  knowl  edge 
in  \ei  gle 
ex  eru  ci  ate72 
in  ter  pret 
pro  mul  gate 
eas'  ti  gate 
rat  i  fy 
reg  u  late40 
sup  pli  eate 
€0  in  cide' 
com  pre  hend 
eon  tra  diet 
di  mm'  ish 


as  eribe' 
de  $ert 
•eon  vene 
a  vow 
se  duce 
tor  m&nt 
ex  plain 
pro  miilge 
ehas  tl$e 
eon  firm 
ad  just 
en  treat 
eon  eiir 
in  elude 
gam  say 
de  crease 


im  pute' 
for  sake 
•eol  lSet 
eon  fess 
en  tice 
tort'  ure40 
ex  pound' 
pub'  lish 
pun  ish 
san-e  tion79 
ar  range' 
im  plore 
a  gree 
•eom  pri$e 
de  ny 
ISss'  en 


ant 
bee 
bug 
flea 

% 

mite 

#nSt 

moth 

drone 

louse 

tick 

worm 

ay  asp 

breeze 

boud 

dor 


im  bo  $6m 
be  to  ken 
dis  a  vow' 
dis  o  bey 
o  ver  look 
in'  ter  est 
pat  ron  ize 
no  ti  fy 

bar'  bar  ous 
bois  ter  ous 
h5r  ri  h\e 
hal  cy  on 
prox  i  mate 
ul  ti  mate 
ma  jSs'  tie 
cir  eu  lar 
phre  n£t'  ie46 
f  <vif  u  ous40 


in  elo$e' 
fore  show 
di$  own 
re  fu$e 
in  spSet 
eon  cern 
sup  port 
in  form 

Adjectives. 

•eru'  el 
noi  $y 
drSad  ful 
peace  ful 
near  est 
fi  nal 
state  ly 
ro  tund' 
frSn'  tie 
fool  ish 


sur  round' 
de  note 
de  ny 
neg  lSet 


.23 


re  view- 
en  gage 
fa/  vor 
pub  lish 

bru'  tal 

loud 

dire 

eaZm 

nSxt 

last 

gr&nd 

round 

m&d 

weak 


Tools. 

saw 
gouge 
rake 
spade 
plow 
shears 
aw'  ger 
chl$  el 
-elev  is 
eolt  er 
har  row 
ham  mer 
hateh  et 
haz/-&nife 
pl£ch  fork 
sick  \e 
era  die 
serap  er 


66 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


pr5g  e  ny 
sal  a  ry 
serv  i  tude 
eon  tor'  tion79 
eur  mud  geon52 
en  grav  er 
ex  8m  plar 
re  Sera  blance 
tar'  di  ness 
in  june'  tion 
h&m'  i  ly 
apt  i  tude 
bound  a  ry 
ee  sta  sy 
elSan  li  ness 
ob  tuse'  ness 
■eon  eur  rence 


8£T  spring 
stT  pend 
slav  er  y 
writh.  ing 
nig  gard 
seulpt  or 
pat  tern 
sem  blance 
late  ness 
pre  cept 
dis  eourse' 
apt'  ness 
pre  cinet 
rapt  ure40 
neat  ness 
blunt  ness 
a  gree'  ment 


is'  sue76 
wa  ge$ 
b5nd  age 
twist  ing 
mi  $er 
earv  er 
m5d  el 
like  ness 
slow  ness 
eom  mand' 
ser'  mon 
fit  ness 
lim  it 
trans  port 
pure  ness 
dull  ness 
as  sent' 


Vessels. 

hdzvl 

butt 

eask 

e&n 

■eup 

flask 

jar 

jug 

keg 

pazl 

pan 

mug 

tub 

tierce 

eruse 

urn 

vase 


ea  ri  ousykr'  * 
cir  eum  speet 
joe  u  lar40 
jo  vi  al 
pSnd  u  bus40 
sen  su  al69 
som  no  lent 
prod  i  gal 
ut  ter  most 
vig  i  lant 
in  sip'  id 
in  her  ent 
f  e'  eund 
re  lig'  zous43 
elan  des  tine 
in'  fi  nit# 
del  i  eate 
dif  fer  ent 


— Adjectives.  

pu'  trid 
eai£  tzous71 
jo  eose' 

hang  ing 
ear  nal 
drow  $y 
pro  fuse' 
ex  treme 
a  lert 
vSp'  id 
in  nate' 
pro  Kf  ie 
de  vout' 
se'  eret 
&nd  less 
dam  ty 
un  like' 


rSt'  ten 
pru  dent 
wag  gish 
mer  ry 
swing  ing 
flesh  ly 
sleep  y 
lav  ish 
fur  tfiest 
wa£ch  M 
taste  less 
in  born 
frrnt  ful 
pi  ous 
pri  vate 
im  mSns^ 
tSn'  der 
dis  tlnet' 


Measures. 

m 

foot 

inch 

pole 

r5d 

rood 

mile 

yard 

league 

Weights. 

ounce 

pound 

dram 

gram 

tun 

Seats. 

stool 


mm 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


67 


SECTION  XVIII. 


-  Adjectives. - 


ap'  po  $\te 
eul  pa  ble 
ev  i  dent 
friv  o  bus 
im  mi  nent 
rau  ta  ble 
per  ma  nent 
p8r  il  ons 
rel  e  vant 
ri$  i  ble 
stren  u  ous40 
spher  ie  al46 
mil  i  tant 
un  sta'  b\e 
im  mor  tal 
de  vice  ful 


suit'  a  b\e 
blam  a  b\e 
mSn  i  fest 
triv  i  al 
im  p8nd'  ing 
change'  a  ble 
dur  a  ble 
d£n  ger  ous 
per  ti  nent 
la^gh  a  bk45 
vig  or  ous 
glob  u  lar40 
fight  ing 
in  e8n'  stant 
un  dy  ing 
in  v8nt  ive 


im  plic'  it 
in  ces  sant 
pa  thet  ie 
prog  n§s  tie 
vin  die  tive 


-Adjectives.- 


im  plitfd' 
un  ceas'  ing 
af  f  Set  ing 
fore  show  ing 
re  vSnge  ful 


sub'  se  quent62  f  81'  low  ing 
trai  tor  cms      treach  er  ous 


tStn  per  ate 
mer  ci  less 
8b  so  lete 
on  er  0us 
in  fa  mous 
e  qua  ble62 
in  dul'  gent 
ma  ter  nal 
ra  pa  ciox\s{ 


67 


mod  er  ate 
hard  h^art'  ed 
un  used40 
bur'  den  som^ 
se&n  dal  0us 
u  ni  form40 
hu  mor  ing 
moth  er  ly 
rav  en  ons 


re  gard'  ful 
wan'  der  ing 
a  bu'  siv£ 
un  ea  $y 
un  law  ful 
sus  pi"  cioxxs 
in  de'  cent 
en  tSn"  gled 
pre  ma  ture' 
eow'  ard  ly 
im  pru'  dent 
won'  der  ful 
s5r  did  ly 
fan  ci  ful 
of  f  I"  cious 
se  di"  tious 
all-know'  ing 
threat'  en  ing 
reg  u  lar40 


8m'  bi  ent 

€0  pi  0US 

dis  so  lute 
in  so  lent 
IT  a  ble 
pr6s  per  ons 
quer  u  lous^ 
ea  thar'  tie 
eon  tTn  gent 
eo  rus  eant 
|  fa  mil  iar39 
■  fi  du  cial67 

10  qua  czous 
nu  tri"  tious 
por  tent  eus 
pu'  is  sant 
ru  bes'  cent 
tre  men  dous 

11  lie  it 


sur  round'  ing 
a  bun  dant 
li  cen  tious71 
in  suit  ing 
ex  posed' 
sue  c8ss'  ful 
eom  plain  ing 
piir'  ga  tive 
ea$  u  al^j 
glit  ter  ing 
in  ti  mate 
eon  fi  dent 
taZk  a  tive 
ncmr  ish  ing 
om  in  cms 
pow  er  ful 
r8d  den  ing 
ter  ri  ble 
un  law'  ful 


ob  $erv'  ant 
er  rat  ie 
in  vee  tive 
im  pa  tient71 
il  le  gal 
dis  trust  ful 
im  mod  est 
in'  tri  eate 
pre  eo'  cious67 
rSe'  re  ant 
in  dis  ereet' 
mar'  vel  ons 
nig  gard  ly 
no  tion  al79 
m8d  die  some 
mu  ti  nous 
om  nis'  cient74 


mi  na  czous' 
me  th8d  ie 


.67 


(38 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


-Nouns.  - 


-Nouns. - 


aV  er  age 
bar  ri  er 
eal  en  dar 

I  eom  i  ty 
eon  ti  nenc£ 

[  eol  lo  quy62 

|  den  i  zm 

|  dig  ni  ty 

|  e\\  eha  rist40 

|  St  y  mon 

I  ex  i  gence 
run  a  gate 
grat  i  tude 
hea  then  i$m 
in  dus  try 
in'  sci  ence 
mas  sa  ere 


me'  di  urn 
8b  sta  ele 
&1  ma  nae 
€our  te  sy 
ch&s  ti  ty 
di  a  logue 
cit  i  zen 
no  ble  ness 
sae  ra  ment 
prim  i  tive 
iirg  en  cy 
fu  gi  tive 
thank  ful  ness 
pa  gan  i$m 
dil  i  gence 
ig  no  ranee 
bu£ch  er  y 


de  eo'  rum 
du  Sn  na 
e  lix  ir 
bSn'  e  fit 
en  ti  ty 
o  pi  ate 
r8e  ti  tude 
ren  e  gade 
sat  el  lite 
sen  ti  ment 
sym  pa  thy 
ten  e  ments 
dis  or'  der 
fru  !"  tion 
im  pos'  tor 
ne  ga  tion79 
op  po  nent 


de'  cen  cy 
gov  era  ess 
eor  di  al 
ad  van'  tage 
ex  ist  ence 
nar  eot  ie 
up'  ri^At  ness 
vag  a  bond 
at  tSnd'  ant 
o  pin  ion89 
eom  pas  sion80 
pos  ses  sion$ 
dis  tiirb  ance 
en  joy  ment 
de  ceiv  er 
de  ni  al 
op  po$  er 


me  te  or 
nu  di  ty 
pan  to  mime 
ped  a  gogue 
per  fi  dy 
sane  ti  tude 
seot  o  my 
po  tent  ate 
pu  ni  ness 
safe  guard 
ar  den  cy 
id  i  om 
ab  sti  nence 
se  ere  cy 
pro  fuse'  ness 
chSs'  ti$e  ment 
de  file'  ment 
in  eur  sion78 
ob  $erv  ance 


fire'  ball 
na  ked  ness 
mim  ic  ry 
school  mas  ter 
trSach  er  y 
ho  li  ness 
diz  zi  ness 
sov  er  eign 
lit  tie  ness 
de  fense' 
fer'  ven  cy 
di  a  leet 
tSm  per  ance 
pri  va  cy 
lav  ish  ness 
eor  r^c' tion79 
pol  lu  tion 
in  va  $ion91 
at  t8n  tion 


par  ti"  tion    di  vi$'  ion92 
pe  ti"  tion     en  treat  y 
pre  ci$'  ion92  ex  act  ness 
pro  vl  $o       eon  di"  tzon 
re  ten  tion79  re  tain  ing 
ve'  he  mence  v?  o  lence 
ver  ti  go       gid  di  ness 
vi$  it  ant      vi$  it  or 
re  pub'  lie  eom' mon  wealth 
o'  vert  ure40  pro  po'  $al 
ex  tine'  tion  de  strue  tion 
a  void  ing 
in  cSn  tive 
ex  cite  ment 
re  mov  al 
a  bash  ment  eon  f  u  $ion91 
ex  pan  sion   en  large  ment 
suf  fer  ance  en  dur  ance 
leg  a  tor'      test  a  tor 


a  ver  sion10 
in  cite  ment 
eom  mo  tion 
mi  gra  tion 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


69 


SECTION  XIX. 

 Nouns.  


clSm'  en  cy 
lu  na  ti€ 
cor  pu  lence 
cat  a  ract 
lu  na  ey 
bar  ris  ter 
po  $1"  toon 
e  chl'  nus 
oe  cur'  rence 
pre  c8p  tor 
con  tri"  toon 
re  fee  tion79 
di$  as  ter 
com  po$  ure89 
dis  ten  tion 
con"  gru  ence 


len'  i  ty 
ma  ni  ac 
flgsh  i  ness 
wa  ter  fall 
ma  ni  a 
coun  sel  or 
St  ti  tiide 
por  cu  pine 
in  ci  dent 
in  struct'  or 
com  punc  tion79 
re  fresh  ment 
mis  fort  une40 
se  date  ness 
ex  tSn  sion78 
a  gree  ment 


mild'  ness 
mad  man 
fat  ness 
cas  cade' 
m&d'  ness 
law  yer 
post  ure40 
hec%e  hog 
e  vgnt' 
tu'  tor 
re  morse' 
re  past 
mis  hap 
cairn'  ness 
stretch  ing 
fit  ness 


con'  tra  ry 
ob  sti  nate 
fu  ri  cms 
pli  a  ble 
te  di  cms 
tem  po  ral 
ad  he'  sive 
e  da  cicms67 
in  ter  nal 
mo  ment  cms 
ma  lig  nant 
fu  ga  cious67 
ter.  nf  ic 
%j  u  dite 
mal  a  pert 
in  ex  pert' 
im  ma  ture 
in  dis  tinct 


-Adjectives.- 


op'  po  $ite 
stub  born 
vT  o  lent 
flex  i  ble 
wecz  ri  some 
sec  u  lar40 
te  na'  czems67 
vo  ra  czems67 
in  tSs  tine 
im  por  tant 
ma  li"  cious 
vol'  a  tile 
ter  ri  ble 
in  struct'  ed 
im'  pu  dent 
un  skill'  ful 
im  per  feet 
con  f  u$ed' 


ad'  verse 
will'  ful 
rag  ing 
pli  ant 
tire  some 
world  ly 
stick  ing 
greed  y 
in  ward 
wgic/At  y 
ma  %n' 
fly'  ing 
iright  ful 
learn  ed 
sru  cy 
awk  ward 
un  ripe' 
ob  scure 


70 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINED 


ab'  ro  gate 
€om  mis'  sion80 
dSv'  as  tate 
dep  re  date 
ne  go'  ti  ate71 
r&v'  er  enc<? 
ree  om  pense 
im  pli  «ate 
ap  pre'  ci  ate72 
in  un  date 
v£c'  il  late 
dis  ci  pline 
dis  eouv'  age 
en  vl  ron 
dis  €om  po$e' 
dis  al  low 
dis  -eon  cert 


ap  par'  ent 
-eom'  plai  $ant 
a<5  -eord'  ant 
de  port  ment 
di  das  tie 
fal  la  cwus67 
fla  gi"  tious 
nar  ra  tion79 
ad  her  ent 
in'  di  gence 
sy-e  o  phant46 
es  exi  lent 
har  bin  ger 
ar  se  nal 
ob  la'  tion 
pl&a$'  ant  ry 
rapt  ur  ous40 
in  cen'  tive 


 Verbs.  

a  b$l'  ish 
a?/  thor  ize 
dSs  o  late 
spo  li  ate 
stlp  u  late40 
ven  er  ate 
eom  pgn'  sate 
en  tan"  gle 
es'  ti  mate 
o  ver  flow/ 
Met'  u  ate40 
ed  u  -eate40 
dis  heart'  en 
en  €om  pass 
dis  or  der 
dis  ap  prove' 
in  ter  rupt 

-Nouns  and  Adjectives. 

ob'  vi  0us 
•eoiirt  e  cms 
eftn  so  nant 
de  mean'  or 
pre  cSp  tive 
de  cep  tive 
a  tro  czous67 
re  hears  al 
par'  ti  $an 
pSn  u  ry40 
par  a  site 
ed  i  hie 
pre  eur'  sor 
mag  a  z'ine' 
6f '  fer  ing 
gay  e  ty 
Se  stSt'  ie 
stim'  u  lus40 


an  nul' 
em  pow'  er 
rav'  age 
plun  der 
bar  gain 
re  vere' 
re  pay 
in  volve 
vST  ue40 
del  uge 
wa  ver 
in  struct' 
de  jeet 
sur  round 
dis  tiirb 
re  j&et 
frus'  trate 


gv'  i  dent 
po  lite' 
a  gree  ing 
be  hav  ior39 
in  struct  ive 
de  ceit  ful 
vil'  lain  ous 
re  c?  tal 
f  81'  low  er 
pov  er  ty 
flat  ter  er 
eat  a  hie 
fore  run'  ner 
arm'  o  ry 
sa«  ri  fice85 
mer  ri  ment 
trans  port'  ing 
in  cite  m 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


71 


SECTION  XX. 


r  Verbs.— 

dis  s£m'  i  nate 
de  lin  e  ate 
ex  eo  ri  ate 
e  v&e  u  ate40 
ob  nu  bi  late 
re  frig  er  ate 
in  sin  u  ate40 

Nouns. 

€om  mSd'  i  tie$ 
ap  pa  ri"  toon 
hi  lar'  i  ty 
di  rect  o  ry 
me  rid  i  an 
vi  cis  si  tude 
lam  en  ta'  tion79 
os  ten  ta  tion 


-  Verbs. - 


spread 

sketch 

skin 

quit62 

cloud 

cool 

hint 

good$ 

gAost 

mirth 

guide 

noon 

change 

plaint 

pomp 


ae  cu'  mu  late 
ac  com  pa  ny 
com  mu  ni  cate 
■eon  cat  e  nate 
eor  rob  o  rate 
de  cap  i  tate 
e  rad  i  cate 
ex  as  per  ate 
e  vap  o  rate 
re  an  i  mate 
re  tal  i  ate 
al  le  vi  ate 
ar  tic  u  late40 
ca  lum  ni  ate 
co  ag  u  late40 
de  crep  i  tate 


a  mass 
at  tSnd 
im  part 
con  nSct 
con  firm 
be  h&ad 
up  root 
en  rage 
ex  hale 
re  vive 
re  quite62 
light'  en 
ut  ter 
slan  der 
ctir  die 
crack  le 


Nouns-atid  Adject 

be  nSf  i  cent 
i  den  ti  cal 
per  spic  u  ous40 
en  gag  ed  ness 
in  def  i  mte 
£q'  ui  ta  ble£ 
est  u  a  ry40 
ex  trem'  i  ly 
in  vet  W  ate 
e  ma  ci  a  ted 
in  ter  mm"  gle 
In'  stru  ment 
as  sSss'  ment 
lo  cal-  i  ty 
do  ml  tion79 


mu  ti  late 
Sep  ul  cher 


kind 
same 
clear 
zeal 
vag^e 
just 
frith 
end 
old 
lean 
mix 
tool 
tSx 
place 

-gift 

least 
maim 
tomb 


in  ter'  ro  gate  quSs'  tion^ 

in  vig  or  ate  strength  en 

pre  var  i  cate  quib  ble62 

pSr'  e  grin  ate  jour  ney 

Miscellaneous. 

ir  ri  ga'  tion79     wa'  ter  ing 


re  cSp'  ta  ele 
in  qui$  i  tive62 
va  cu  i  ty 
con  cil  i  ate 
dis  a  bu$e' 
ce  ISs'  tial39 
rev'  e  nue 
re  mis'  sion80 
in  tel  li  gent 
stu  pid  i  ty 
ap  pre  h&n'  sive  fear  ful 
in  gen'  ious39  skill  ful 
a  cerb  i  ty         sour  ness 


re  ceiv  er 
in  quir  ing 
Smp'  ti  ness 
pro  pi"  ti  ate 
un  de  cez've' 
hSav'  en  ly 
in  come 
par  don 
know  ing 
dull  ness 


72 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Kinds  of  Garments. 


a  bil'  i  ty 
ae  eliv  i  ty 
a  nil  i  ty 
a  rid  i  ty 
a n  dac  i  ty 
?iux  il  ia  ry39 
de  bil  i  ty 
de  lin  quen  cy^ 
de  vex  i  ty 
ex  per  i  ment 
e  mol  u  ment40 
ha  bil  i  ment 
i  den  ti  ty 
in  sig  ni  a 
mag  nif  i  cenc<2 
ma  lev  o  lence 
men  dac  i  ty 


pow  er 
as  cSnt' 
do'  tage 
dry  ness 
bold  ness 
h&lp  ing 
weak  ness 
f  ail  ure40 
slop  ing 
tri  al 
prof  it 
•eloth  ing 
same  ness 
bac?g  e$ 
grSnd  eur40 
ill-will' 
false'  hood 


bib 

eoat 

cap 

-eape 

■eloak 

frock 

gown 

glove 

quilt62 

robe 

sSck 

shirt 

shawl 

sktrt 

s&ek 

scarf 

vest 


a'  pron36 
e&s  sock 

kir  tie 
mit  ten 
tu  nie 
trow  $er$ 
sur  tout' 
van  dyke 

Pertaining  to 
Garments,  or 
Things  worn. 

but'  ton 
€ol  lar 
cor  set 
gus  set 
ker  chief 


pa  ral'  y  sis 
pro  prl  e  ty 
pro  f  I"  cien  cy 
te  mer'  i  ty 
rus  tic  i  ty 
sphe  ric  i  ty46 
a  poU  gy 
de  cliv  i  ty 
dev  as  ta'  tion79 
er  u  dl"  tion 
co  a  li"  tion 
in  de  pend'  ence 
eb  ul  li"  tion 
im  mi  nu'  tion 
val  e  die  tion 
Sg'  ri  cult  ure40 
pul  ehri  tude 
ar  rear'  age 
sus  ten  ta'  tion 


pal'  $y 
fit  ness 
prog  ress 
rash  ness 
rude  ness 
round  ness 
ex  euse' 
de  scent 
h&v'  oe 
learn  ing 
un  ion^J 
free  dom 
boil  ing 
de  -Grease' 
fare  wSU 
farm'  ing 
beau,  ty 
ar  rears' 
sup  port 


Cloth. 

baize 

erape 

chintz6* 

felt 

gawze 

lawn 

plaid 

plush 

rug 

serge 

silk 

Shrubs. 

eane 

hgjge 

heath 

ro$e 

broom 

thorn 


lin'  ing 
pock  et 
rib  bon 
tip  pet 
frill 

Kinds  of  Fruit. 

a'  -corn 
bur  rel 
eur  rant 
dam  $on 
fil  bert 
mel  on 
nut  meg 
eo  eoa 
rai  $in 
ha  zel  nut 
pine'-ap  pie 
m&z  ird 
wal  nut 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINEK. 


73 


-Adjectives.- 


a  non'  y  mows 
con  viv  i  al 
im  pe  ri  al 
in  dig  e  nous 
le  git  i  mate 
pos  te  ri  or 
so  lie  it  cms 
sub  serv  i  ent 
ul  te  ri  or 
a'  mi  a  ble 
sal  u  ta  ry40 
am  i  ca  ble 
or  di  na  ry 
sSe  ond  a  ry 
sed  en  ta  ry 
tran  si  to  ry 
hor  i  z8n'  tal 


name'  less 
f  Ss  tal 
roy  al 
na  tive 
law  ful 
lat  ter 
anx  ions60 
use  ful40 
fur  tiher 
love  ly 
whole  some 
friend  ly 
com  mon 
see  ond 
sit  ting 
fleet  ing 
lev  el 


Land. 

€oun  try 
coun  ty 
can  ton 
isl  and 
istA  mus 
mount  ain 
pr5v  ince 
prai  rie 

Games. 

bill'  iard$39 
check  er$ 
raf  fte 
ten  nis 

Insects. 

bee'  tie 
bSd  bug 
crick  et 


Furniture. 

beds 

stools 

bowls 

broom$ 

chairs 

chests 

churn 

clock 

desks 

forks 

jars 

&nive$ 

lamps 

mats 

pans 

pails 

plates 


con'  trast 
prcf  ace 
pre  pSnse' 
fore  stall 
prls'  tine 
spe"  cial 
mo^rn'  fid 
mo  dish 
lone  ly 
pre"  citfus 
ex  act' 
tl'  dings 
rSv  el. 
want  age 
won  der 
in  crease 
pro  fane' 
re  L>uke 


-Miscellaneous. - 


op  po  $1"  tzon 
in  tro  due'  tion79 
pre  con  ceived! 
an  tic'  i  pate 
o  rig  i  nal 
par  tic  u  lar40 
lam'  ent  a  ble 
fash  ion  a  ble 
sol  i  ta  ry 
val  u  a  ble40 
me  thSd'  ic  al 
in  tel  li  gence 
dis  en  tan"  gle 
de  f  1"  cien  cy 
ad  mi  ra'  tion79 
awg  men  ta  tion 
ir  rSv'  er  ent 
rep  re  hSn'  sion78 


gSd'  fly 
bean  fly 
a  phis46 
bSt  fly 
ox  fly 
wee  vil 

Salts. 

al'  um 
ep  som 
bo  rax 
glawb  er's 
gyp  sum 

Bedding. 

blank'  et 
ham  mock 
mat  tress 
pal  let 
era  die 
pil  low 


spoons 
screen 


stands 
t6ng$ 

my 

urns 
wheels49 
dish'  e$ 
chi  na 
ba  sins 
buck  ets 
plat  ter$ 
so  fa 
sSl  vers 
ta  bles 
shov  els 
pftch  er$ 
bel  lows 


7 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SECTION  XXI. 


Y  Misc 

ce  18b'  ri  ty 

sllaneous  

re  nown' 

fame 

Water. 

bay 

in  gen  u  cms40 

ean'  did 

frSnk 

eove 

eri  te  ri  on 

stand  ard 

rule 

ereek 

fas  tid  i  tfus 

squeam  ish62 

nice 

flood 

de  mar  ka'  tion79 

lim  it 

bound 

frith 

ex  pe  di"  taon 
par  tic'  i  pate 
nu'  ga  to  ry 

dis  pa£ch' 

speed 
share 

gulf 

par  take 
fu  til  ^ 

lake 

use'  less40 

pond 

a  bom'  i  nate 

ab  hor' 

de  test' 

pool 

in  ait  gu  rate 

in  duet 

in  vest 

rill 

pro  eras  ti  nate 

cle  ier 

de  lay 

sea 

■nrno*  nn?  tip  afp 

JJl  '-'q    IlWO     Lit*  CILC 

L\J  L  C  It'll 

brook 

re  T)ii  di  ate 

X  \j     IJ  U    Vll    CI  \J\J 

dis  -fiard 

Villi)  \A. 

AO  LOU 

ob  lit  er  ate 

e  rase 

ef  face 

stream 

ab  bre  vi  ate 

a  bricZgg 

short'  en 

sound 

ex  pa  tri  ate 

?x'  Tie 

ban  ish 

burn 

ac  eel'  er  ate 

has'  ten 

quick'  en62 

Land. 

as  sid  u  ous40 

sed  u  bus40 

dil  i  gent 

earth 

mat'  ri  mo  njr 

wed  lock 

mar  riage 

cape 

rep  ii  ta'  tion^ 

re  pute' 
tre'  mor 

ered  it 

isle 

trep  i  da  tion 

trem  bling 

piat 

se  vgr'  i  ty 

rig  or 

strict  ness 

state 

in  kj  ui  tous5f. 

wick  ed 

un  just' 
eare'  les3 

town 

in  ad  vert'  ent 

heed  less 

Beds. 

ar  til'  le  ry 

ord  nance 

€£in  non 

eouch 

•eom  pat  i  h\e 
in  teg  ri  ty 

eon  slst'  ent 

suit  a  hie 

eot 

prob  i  ty 

Aon  est  y 

bunk 

mu  nif  i  cent 

gen  er  cms 

lib  er  al 

Earths. 

pe  ti"  tion  er 

sup  pli  <sant 

sup  pli  ant 

elay 

si  mil'  i  tude 

sim  i  le 

like  ness 

loam 

me  phit  ie46 

poi  $on  ous 

ll5x  20US60 

marl 

eon  trac  tion 

short  eri  ing 

shrink  ing 

mold 

se  eu  ri  ty 

pro  tee'  tion 
serv'  i  tude 

safe  ty 

soil 

in  thrall  merit 

bSnd  age 

lime 

ma  lig  ni  ty 

vir  u  lence 

mal  ice 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFIXER. 


75 


mi  spi  czows 
€0$  met'  ie 
ard'  u  eus40 
hor  ta  tive 
no  ta  ble 
pla  ea  hie 
pal  pa  ble 
par  a  mount 
tur  bu  lent 
vi$  i  big 
vin  ci  ble 
in  tri  -eate 
In  -era  tive 
pro  pi"  tious 
im  promp'  tu 
sub  3I  tern 


SECTION  XXII. 

-Adjectives.  ■  N 

fa'  vor  a  ble 
bean  ti  fy  ing 
la  bo'  ri  ons 
ad  vT  so  ry 
re  mark  a  b]e 
ap  pea$  a  ble 
per  cep  ti  ble 
su  pe  ri  or 
tu  mult  u  (?us40 
di$  cern  i  ble85 
■eon'  quer  a  ble57 
com  pli  ea  ted 
prof  it  a  ble 
mer  ci  ful 
ex  tern'  po  re 
in  fe  ri  or 


Instruments  of 
Music. 

bSn'  dore 
bag  pipe 
bu  gle 
eor  net 
cjm  bal 
fid  die 
hsrnt  boy18 
je\v$  harp22 
or  gan 
sack  but 
spin  et 
ta  bor 
tim  brel 
bas  soon' 
guit  ar 


U  fi  del 
me  men'  to 
ml  8$  ma 
lex'  i  eon 
clis  burse'  ment 
in  vSst  ment 
ex  emp  tion79 
dys  pep  sy 
re  trae  tion 
es  trange  ment 
im'  po  tence 
mea$'  ure  ment8 
in  ter.  diet 
a  nal'  0  gy 
e  brl  e  ty 
fi  del  i  ty 
fra  ter  ni  ty 
liu  mil  i  ty 


un  be  Kev'  er 
re  mem'  bran  cer 
ef  flu  vi  a 
die'  tion  a  ry79 
ex  pen'  di  ture 
in  ves  ti  ture 
im  mu  ni  ty 
in  di  ges'  tion 
re  ean  ta  tion 
al  ien  a  tion39 
in  a  bil  i  ty 
men  su  ra  tion 
pro  hi  bi"  Hon 
re  $em'  blance 
drunk'  en  ness 
faith  ful  ness 
broth  er  hood 
hum  ble  ness 


base'-vi  ol 
trum  pet 

Terse,  Poetry. 

due'  tvl 
ep  te 
e-e  logue 
geor  gle 
1  dyl 
lyr  ie 
pe  an 
spon  dee 
tro  ehee 
stan  za 
blank- verse 
rhyme 
sat'  Ire 
i  am'  b"i€ 
pas'  tor  al 
an  a  pes'  tie 


76 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


r  Verbs.— — ■  — Precious  Stones. 

€a  pit'  u  late40  sur  ren'  der  £g'  ate 

de  lib  er  ate  -eon  sid  er  ber  yl 

dis  -erim  i  nate  dis  tin"  guish86  crys  tal 

dis  -eoun  te  nance  dis  -eour'  age  di  a  mond 

ha  bit  u  ate40  ae  -eus  torn  jew  el22 

in  ear  cer  ate  im  pri$  on  ja  cinth 

■eom  mem  o  rate  eel'  e  brate  jas  per 

re  cip  ro  eate  in  ter  change'  o  nyx 

dis  en  tan"  g\e  ex'  tri  -cate  o  pal 

un  der  val'  ue40  un  der  rate'  ru  by 

de  pop'  u  late40  dis  pet/  pie  sar  d'ine 

de  bil  i  tate  en  fee  hie  sap  phire4 

pre  pon  der  ate  out  wei^A'1  to  paz 

re  mu  ner  ate  r&e'  om  pense  Metais. 

spe  cif  i  -eate  spec  i  fy  cop'  per 

mo  nop  o  lize  en  gross'  -eo  bait 

ag'  grand  ize  dig'  ni  fy  nick  el 


^  Nouns  s»  Metals. 

a  l&e'  ri  ty  cheer'  ful  ness  bull'  ion39 

al  le  gi  ance  loy  al  ty  bi$  muth 

a  vid  i  ty  ea  ger  ness  I  ron35 

hos  til  i  ty  en  mi  ty  pew  ter22 

in  iq  ui  ty%  wick  ed  ness  sil  ver 

pro  gen  i  tor  an  ces  tor  Fish, 

mori'  o  log^e  so  111'  o  quy62  gram'  pus 

•eom  pe  tence  suf  fi"  cien  cy  her  ring 

u  til'  i  ty  use'  ful  ness40  had  dock 

€a  lam  i  ty  mis  fort'  une40  shin  er 

pos  ter  i  ty  de  scend  ants  mul  let 

re  cip  i  ent  re  ceiv  er  floun  der 

ur  ban  i  ty  po  lite  ness  bar  bel 

eo  ad  ju'  tor  as  sist  ant  pol  lard  1 

dis  so  lu  tion79  di$  $olv  ing  saZm  on 

res  ti  tu  tion  re  stor  ing  suck  er 

va  €u'  i  ty  emp'  ti  ness  stlir  georr52 

mal  e  fae'  tor  erim  i  nal  hal  i  but 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  77 


ad  u  la'  tionjjj 
dim  i  nu  tion 
£11$'  u  al  ty$ 
hor  ti  €ult  ure40 
or  a  to  ry 
par  si  mo  ny 
mer  ce  na  ry 
in  sur  ree'  tion 
in  can  ta  tion 
pro  Ion"  ga'  tion 
req  ui  $i"  toon* 
ren  o  va  tion 
re$  ig  na  tion 
lim  it  a  tion 
de  lir'  i  urn 
Tie'  -eu  ra  cy 
sep  a  ra  tist 


-Nouii9.- 


flat'  ter  y 
less  en  ing 
ae  ci  dent 
gar  den  ing 
SI  0  quence62 
spar  ing  ness 
hire  ling 
se  di"  tion 
en  chant'  ment 
length'  en  ing 
re  qulr'  ing 
re  new  al22 
sub  mis  sion80 
re  stric  tion79 
de  range  ment 
pre  d"  $ion 
dis  sent  er 


Diseases  of  Man. 

a'  gue 
Sn  thrax 
astA  ma 
bel  Ion 
-ean  cer 
cank  er 
chol  e  ra 
«ol  ic 
fe  ver$ 
chil  blam 
drop  sy 
grav  el 
her  pe$ 
hie  cough64 
hu  mor$ 
j&un  dice 
mea$  \e$ 


ap  pro'  pri  ate 
chi  mer  i  cal 
ef  fern  i  nate 
im  pet  u  ous40 
in  vid  i  ous 
i  tin  er  ant 
me  15  di  ous 
re  clp  ro  cal 
•eon  €om  i  tant 
de  leet  a  b\e 
com  menc  ing 
in  sid  i  ous 
com  mo  di  ous 
op  pro  bri  ous 
prSd'  a  to  ry 
mis  er  a  b\e 
pre  ca'  ri  ous 
e  lab  0  rate 


-Adjectives.- 


pe  cul'  iar39 
fan'  ci  ful 
worn  an  ish 
vi  0  lent 
en  vi  ous 
trav  el  ing 
mu  $ic  al 
mut  u  al40 
at  tend'  ing 
de  light  ful 
be  gin  ning 
in  snar  ing 
con  ven  ient39 
re  proach  ful 
plun'  der  ing 
un  h&p'  py 
un  cer  tain 
la'  bored 


quin'  $y62 
rat  t\e$ 
sciir  vy 
tet  ter$ 
plm  ri  sy 
ty  phus46 
ul  cer$ 
whit  low 
■ea  tiirrA' 
rick'  ets 
phthi$  ie 

Diseases  of 
Beasts. 

found'  er 
gland  er$ 
mur  rain 
spav  in 
an'  ti  cor 
stag  ger$ 


78 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SECTION  XXIII. 

Couplets  of  Words  unlike  in  Pronunciation  and  Meaning. 


a'  €ke,  160  square  rods. 

a  -enoR,  a  disease  on  the  head. 

Ad  vice',  counsel ;  admonition. 

Ad  vise,  to  give  counsel. 
ancii'  or,  for  holding  a  ship. 
Ink  er,  a  measure  of  spirits. 

Bal'  lad,  a  trivial  song. 

Bal  let,  a  theatrical  dance. 

Bal  lot,  a  ticket  for  voting. 
Bod'  ice,  stays  for  women. 
Bod  ies,  the  plural  of  body, 

Bri'  dle,  of  a  horse;  a  check. 

Brid  al,  belonging  to  marriage. 
■Gar'  ol,  a  song  of  joy  ;  to  warble. 
£!6r  al,  a  marine  production. 
-Cor  ol,  of  a  plant. 

Ce'  dar,  an  evergreen  tree. 

Ced  er,  one  who  transfers  a  claim. 
Gel'  lar,  the  room  under  a  house. 
Sell  er,  one  who  sells. 

Gol'  lar,  for  the  neck. 

Ghol  er,  anger;  passion  ;  bile. 


Cor'  set,  a  bodice  for  ladies. 
G6s  set,  a  lamb  raised  by  hand. 

-Goun'  cil,  an  assembly,  [vice. 

€oun  sel,  advice ;  to  give  ad- 
Gur'  rant,  a  shrub  and  its  fruit. 
£!ltr  rent,  passing;  a  flowing. 

Cyai'  bal,  a  musical  instrument. 

Sym  bol,  a  sign ;  an  emblem  ;  a 
Device',  contrivance ; trick,  [type. 
De  vise,  to  contrive  ;  to  plan. 

bi'  ther,  one  of  two  ;  each. 

e  ther,  a  light,  volatile  fluid. 
E  lude',  to  escape  by  artifice. 
Al  lude,  to  refer  to  indirectly. 
Il  lude,  to  mock  or  deceive. 

Gam'  ble,  to  play  for  a  wager. 

Gam  bol,  to  skip  and  play. 

Gam  brel,  hind  leg  of  a  horse. 
Gant'  let,  a  military  punishment. 
Gaj/nt  let,  an  iron  glove. 

Jest'  er,  one  given  to  jesting. 

gest  ure40,  action  in  speaking. 


Lat'  in,  language  of  ancient  Ro- 
Lat  ten,  iron  plates,  tinned,  [mans. 

LP  ar,  one  who  tells  lies. 

Lyre,  a  kind  of  harp. 
JAght1  ning,  a  flash  in  the  clouds. 
IAght  en  ing,  making  lighter,  [use. 

Lum'  ber,  timber  prepared  for 

Lum  bar,  pertaining  to  the  loins. 
Man'  ner,  method  ;  custom. 
Man  or,  a  lord's  domain. 

Mat'  in,  pertaining  to  morning. 

Mat  ting,  materials  for  mats. 
Mat'  tress,  a  quilted  hair-bed. 
Mat  rige,  a  mold,  as  for  type. 

Met'  tl£,  spirit;  ardor. 

Met  al,  as  gold,  silver,  &c. 
Min'  er,  one  who  digs  metals. 
MI  nor,  one  under  age;  less. 

Pal'  ate,  part  of  the  mouth. 

Pal  let,  a  painter's  color-board. 
Pgr'  tion79,  a  separate  part. 
Po  tion,  a  draught;  a  dose. 

Prin'  ces,  the  plural  of  prince. 

Prin  cess,  a  royal  lady. 


Prof'  it,  gain;  advantage. 
Proph  et4'5,  one  who  foretells. 

Rab'  bet,  to  lap  and  join  boards. 

RIb  bit,  a  small  animal. 
Ra'  zor,  an  instrument  for  shav- 
Rais  er,  one  that  raises.  [ing. 

Rig'  ger,  one  that  rigs  or  dresses. 

Rig  or,  severity;  strictness. 
Sab'  bath,  the  day  for  holy  rest. 
Sab  a  oth,  armies  ;  hosts.  [on. 

Sal'ver,  plate  to  present  things 

Sal  vor,  one  who  saves  a  ship. 
Sculpt'  or,  an  artist  in  sculpture. 
Sculpt  ure40,  carved  work. 

Sua  green',  a  kind  of  leather. 

cha  grin,  ill-humor;  vexation. 
Spe'  cis75,  money  in  coin. 
Spe  cjes67,  a  class  of  any  thing. 

Suck'  er,  a  fish  ;  a  shoot. 

Sue  cor,  relief;  to  deliver. 
Trav'  el,  to  pass  ;  to  journey. 
Teav         to  labor  with  pain. 

VI'  al,  a  small  bottle. 

Vi  ol,  a  stringed  instrument. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFIXER.  79 

SECTIO 

Couplets  of  Words  unlike  in 

Af  fu'  sion91,  a  pouring  upon. 
;  Effu  sion,  a  pouring  forth,  [parts. 

an'  a  lyze,    to  separate  into 

an  nal  ize,  to  write  annals. 
ap'  po  site,  suitable;  fit. 
op  po  site,  contrary  in  position. 

as'  per  ate,  to  make  rough. 

as  pi  rate,  an  aspirated  letter. 
Bin'  na  cle,  a  ship's  compass-box. 
Bin  o  cle,  a  kind  of  telescope. 

But'  ter  is,  tool  for  paring  hoofs. 

But  tress,  a  prop;  an  abutment. 
€al'  en  dar,  an  almanac.  [&c. 
€al  en  der,  hot  press  for  cloths, 

Cap'  i  tal,  scat  of  government. 

"Gap  i  to l,  a  government  house. 
Cent'  u  ry4),  a  hundred  years. 
Cen  tau  ry,  the  name  of  a  plant. 

Ciikon'  ic  al,  of  long  duration. 

Chron  i  cle,  to  record  events. 
Co  la'  tion79,  the  act  of  straining. 
Col  la  tion,  a  repast. 

N  XXIV. 

Pronunciation  and  Meaning. 

Con'  fi  dant,  one  intrusted  with  se- 
Con  fi  dent,  bold;  positive,  [crets. 

Cor'  po  ral,  relating  to  the  body. 

Cor  po'  re  al,  having  a  body. 
Cou'  ri  er,  one  sent  in  haste. 
Currier,  a  dresser  of  leather,  [cil. 

Coun' cilor,  membc  of  a  coun- 

Coun  sel  or,  one  who  counsels. 
Def'  er  ence,  respect  for  others.  ; 
Dif  fer  ence,  diversity;  disagree- 

Descend' ant,  offspring,  [ment 

De  sgend  ent,  falling. 
De  vis'  er,  one  who  contrives. 
De  vis  or,  one  who  bequeaths. 
Di  vi  sor,  the  number  that  divides. 

E  lis'  z6n9:2,  cutting  off  a  vowel 

E  lys  i  an90,  blissful;  delightful. 
E  lu'  sion91,  escape  by  artifice. 
Il  lu  sion,  a  false  show. 
Al  lu  sion,  indirect  reference. 

E  rup'  tion79,  a  breaking  forth. 

Ir  rup  tion,  a  bursting  in. 

em'  i  nent,  distinguished;  celebrat- 
im  mi  nent,  impending.  [cd. 

ex'  er  cise,  a  task;  to  practice. 

ex  or  cise,  to  expel  evil  spirits. 
F.-vc  ti''  tzous,  labored;  unnatural. 
Fic  ti"  tious,  feigned;  counterfeit. 

Form' ally,  according  to  forms. 

For  mer  ly,  in  time  past. 
In  gen'  ious39,  skillful  to  invent. 
In  gen  u  ous4',  free  from  reserve. 

Lug'  o  rice,  a  balsamic  root. 

Lick  er  ish,  eager  to  enjoy;  nice. 
Lin'  i  ment,  a  soft  ointment. 
Lin  e  a  ment,  outline;  feature. 

or'  a  cle,  the  answer  of  a  god. 

au  ri  cle,  the  external  ear. 
or'  pi  nance,  an  established  rli.3. 
i  ord  nance:,  heavy  artillery,  [rates. 

Par  ti"  tjon,  that  which  sepa- 

Pe  ti"  t/6n,  a  prayer;  a  request. 
Pop'  u  lous40,  full  of  people. 
Pop  u  lace40,  the  common  people. 

Po1  ta  ble,  fit  to  he  drank, 
i    Port  a  ble,  that  may  be  carried. 

Prec7  e  dent,  an  example. 
Pres  i  dent,  a  presiding  officer. 

Prin'  ci  pal,  a  chief  instructor. 

Prin  ci  ple,  a  general  or  settled 
Proph'  e  cy46,  a  prediction,  [truth. 
Prophesy,  to  foretell  future  events. 

Rad'  i  cal,  original;  thorough. 

Rad  i  cle,  the  germ  of  a  root,  j 
Al  .e  ga' TiONT9,thething  declared.  ' 
Al  li  ga  tion,  a  rule  of  arithmetic. 

Con  i/:  ma' tion79,  proof. 

Con/for  ma  tion,  structure. 
De  form'  i  ty,  unnatural  shape.  [ 
Dif  form  i  ty,  unlikeness. 

ex.' ecu  ter,  one  who  performs. 

Ex  ec'  u  tor40,  settler  of  an  estate. 
Leg  is  la'  tor,  a  lawgiver.  [ers. 
Leg  is  lat  ure40,  body  of  lawgiv- 

Mil'  le  na  ry,  space  of-"  liyrvrs. 

Mil'  li  ner  y,  head-dresses,  &c> 
Petri  fac' tion,  a  turning  to  stone. 
,  Putre  faction,  process  of  rotting. 
{     Sta'  tion  a  ry,  fixed  in  a  place.  ; 
!     Sta  tion  er  y,  paper,  pens,  &c. 

80 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SECTION  XXV. 
 Miscellaneous.  


cir'  €um  stance 
be  nSv'  o  \ence 
ex  pe  di  ent 
eon  sum  ma'  tion79 
eom  pe  ti"  tion 
op  er  a'  tion 
ob  li  ga  tion 
ma  lSv'  o  lenc£ 
in  ves  ti  gate 
ex  hil  a  rate 
mag  nif  i  cent 
dex  ter  i  ty 
&d'  ver  sa  ry 
ig  no  min  y 
ep  i  der'  mis 
un  der  stUnd  lag 


«on  di"  tion 
char'  i  ty 
suit  a  hie 
«om  pie'  tion 
rf  val  ry 
a  gen  cy 
■e5n  traet 
en  mi  ty 
seru  ti  nize 
en  IV  en 
ma  jes  tie 
ex  pert  ness 
Sn'  e  my 
in  fa  my 
«u  ti  e\e 
in  tel  leet 


state 

Y6ve 

fit 

end 

strife 

work 

bSnd 

spite 

search 

cheer 

grand 

skill 

foe 

skin 
mind 


de  bil'  i  tate 
ex  ten  u  ate40 
ob  strep  er  ous 
e  pit  o  me 
ex  te  ri  or 
e  lu  ci  date 
hab  i  ta'  tion79 
eon'  tu  me  ly 
an  i  mad  vert' 
ex  8n'  er  ate 
ex  ter  min  ate 
su  per  flu  ous 
oe  €u  pa'  tion 
laz  a  r&t  to 
re  ver'  ber  ate 

5? '  :Sl  ent 
al  ter  ea'  tion 
il  lus'  tri  ous 


m  noe  u  0us 


40 


e  ner'  vate 
pSl'  li  ate 
elam  or  ous 
a  briog'  ment 
ex  ter  nal 
il  lus  trate 
rS$  i  dence 
in  so  lence 
€rit  i  ci$e 
dis  bur'  den 
ex  ttr  pate 
re  dun  dant 
em  ploy  ment 
h6s'  pi  tal 
re  S«h'  o 
sub  mis  sivs 
eon  ten  tion 
Sm'  i  nent 
in  no  cent 


weak'  en 
less  en 
noi  $y 
Sb  straet 
out  ward 
ex  plain' 
a  bode 
re  proach 
cen'  sure69 
ac  quit'62 
de  stroy 
use'  less40 
bu$  i  ness17 
pSst-house 
re  Sound' 
du'  ti  M 
dis  pute' 
fa'  mous 
harm  less 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


83 


SE 


pro  fi"  c/en  cy 
com  pul'  so  ry 
ad  vent  ure  some40 
de  mon  stra  tive 
es  tab  lished82 
un  cir  cum  spect 
e  vent  u  ate40 
con  ter  mi  nous 
con  tu  ma'  cious67 
sus  ten  ta  tion79 
dis  po  $i"  tion 
des  pe  ra,  tion 
en  ter  tain  ment 
€om  pat'  i  ble 
con  sum  ma'  tion 
par  tic'  i  pant 
in  cli  na'  tion 


CTION  XXVIII. 

 Miscellaneous.- 


de  veT  op  ment 
dis  con  so  late 
as  ton  ish  ment 
de  cT  phered46 
com  pre  hen'  sive 
per'  emp  to  ry 
sane  ti  mo  ny 
su  per  vl'  $or 
en  er  get  ie 
in'  do  lent  ly 
mol  es  ta'  tion79 
neg'  li  gent  ly 
ob  seu  ra'  tion 
ob7  sti  nate  ly 
o  ver  rfiT  ing 
pas  siv'  i  ty 
pit'  i  ful  ness 
in  ad'  e  quate62 
in  an  i  mate 


ad  vance'  ment 
€om  pel  ling 
haz'  ard  ows 
con  clu'  sive 
con  firmed 
in  $2lu  tzous71 
term'  in  ate 
bor  der  ing 
8b  sti  nate 
mam  te  nance 
ar  range'  ment 
hope'  less  ness 
a  mu$e'  ment 
•eon  sist  ent 
com  pie  tion79 
par  tak  er 
tend'  en  cy 


dis  clo$'  ure89 
de  ject  ed 
a  maze  ment 
ex  plained 
ca  pa  cwus67 
ab'  so  lute 
de  vout'  ness 
o  ver  seer' 
vig'  or  ous 
slug  gish  ly 
an  noy'  ance 
heed'  less  ly 
ob  scur'  ing 
stub'  born  ly 
con  trol'  ling 
pas'  sive  ness 
ten  der  ness 
in  com  plete'* 
spir'  it  less 


prog'  ress 
for  cing 
dar  ing 
cer  tain 
fixed82 
heed'  less 
is  sue76 
touch  ing 
per  verse' 
sup  port 
meth  od 
de  spair' 
treat'  ment 
fit  ting 
end  ing 
shar  er 
lean  ing; 


un  fold'  ing 
com'  fort  less 
con  fu'  $ion91 
un  fold  ed 
ex  ten  sive 
po$  i  tive 
ho  li  ness 
in  spect'  or 
for'  ci  ble 
la  zi  ly 
dis  turb'  ance 
re  miss  ly 
dark'  en  ing 
will  ful  ly 
di  rect'  ing 
sub  mis  sion80 
com  pas  sion 
de  feet  \ve 
in  act  ive 


84 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


e  moll'  ient39 
ef  front  er  y 
per  dp  i  ent 
un  der  tak'  ing 
re  Sid'  u  urn40 
nec'  es  sa  ry 
ti  mid'  i  ty 
eon  see  u  tive40 
in  cip  i  ent 
in  ad  vert'  ence 
im  prls'  on  ment 
im  mac  u  late40 
im  per  a  tive 
cir  cum  fer  ence 
i  ras  ci  h\e 
in  firm  i  ty 
re  sus  ci  tate 


— Miscellaneous.  

le'  ni  ent 
im  pu  dence 
per  cep  tive 
ad  vent  ure40 
re  mam  der 
es  sen  tiai71 
eow'  ard  ice 
sue  ceed'  ing 
be  gin  ning 
nSg'  li  gence 
eon  fine'  ment 
un  de  filed' 
im  pe'  ri  011s 
pe  riph  er  y46 
Ir7  ri  ta  h\e 
weak  ness 
re  vi v'  i  fy 


s6f£'  en  ing 
saw  ci  ness 
per  ceiv'  ing 
Sn'  ter  prise 
re$  i  due 
req  ui  $itd#  ■ 
fear  ful  ness 
f  oi  low  ing 
•com  menc'  ing 
o'  ver  si^At 
re  stramt' 
spSt'  less 
com  mand'  ing 
pe  rim  e  ter 
pas'  sion 
di$  ease' 
re  vive 


cer  e  mo'  ni  ous 
eon  ti  gu  i  ty 
e  €0  nSm  ic  al 
in  di  vid  u  al40 
plu  vi  am  e  ter 
pri  mo  ge  ni  al 
hy  per  bo  re  an 
an  i  mos  i  ty 
0  le  Sg  i  nous 
per  spi  eu  i  ty 
sub  i  ta  ne  oxxs 
su  per  cil  i  oxxs 
sub  sid'  i  a  ry 
di  lap  i  da  teel 
hi  e  ro  glyphf  ie4^ 
in  fat  u  a  tion^ 
im'  po  tent  ly 
ex  pe'  di  en  cy 
in  tSn  tion  al  ly 


form'  al 
•eon  tact 
fru  gal 
sin"  g\e 
ram'-gawge 
first-born 
north  ern 
ha  tred 
oily 

clear  ness 
sud  den 
h&ugh  ty 
aid  ing 
de  eayed' 
gin'  blem 
folly 
weak  ly 
fit  ness 
de  $igri  ed  ly 


Buildings. 

ar'  se  nal 
h6s  pi  tal 
mu  $e'  um 
meet'  ing  house 
nun  ner  y 
syn  a  gogue 
the  a  ter 
ea  the'  dral 
pan  the'  on 
ro  tun  da 
state'-pris'  on 

Quadrupeds. 

ich  neu'  mon 
0  pos  sum 
kan"  ga  roo' 
eha  me'  le  on 
zo  8ph  a  gaii4"3 
ar  ma  dll'  lo 


4 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DE FINER. 


85 


SECTION  XXIX. 


in  seru'  ta  ble 
de  fin  i  tive 
vil'  kin  ous  ly 
eom  pla'  cen  cy 
pro  mul  ga'  tion79 
con  tern  pla  tion 
cor  re  spSnd  ent 
punct'  u  al  ly40 
in  ai6  spl"  cious 
at  tent'  ive  ly 
dec  la  ra'  tion 
dis  re  spect  ful 
de  spite'  ful  ly 
cir  cum  ven'  tion 
a  name'  ment 
di  ver  si  ty 


-Miscellaneous.- 


un  search'  a  ble 
de  term  in  ate 
in'  fa  mous  ly 
ap  pro  ba'  tion79 
pub  li  ca  tion 
med  i  ta  tion 
&n'  swev  a  ble 
scru  pu  bus  ly 
un  fort'  u  nate40 
dil  i  gent  ly 
af  fir  ma  tion 
ir  rev'  er  ent 
ma  li"  czous  ly 
im  po  $1"  tzon 
rec  re  a'  tion 
dif  fer  ence 


hid'  dm 
f  I  nal 
base  ly 
plea$  ure89 
no  t\ce 
stud  y 
suit  ed 
ex  act'  ly 
un  luck  y 
care'  ful  ly 
as  ser'  tion79 
un  civ  il 
scorn'  ful  ly 
de  cep'  tion 
di  ver  sion78 
un  like  ness 


af  fee  tion  ate  ly79 
dis  a  gree'  a  ble 
dis  sat  is  f  ac'  tion 
com  mi$  er  a  tion 
com  pli  mSnt'  a  ry 
con  spic'  u  (?us  ly40 
cir  cum  ro'  ta  ry 
de  term  in  a'  tion 
de  bil  i  ta  tion 
del  e  te'  ri  ous 
con  tu  me  li  ous 
de  rog'  a  to  ry 
vol  a  til'  i  ty 
in  ju'  ri  cms  ly 
so  lie  i  tude 
so  lie  it  a'  tion 
ac  ri  mo'  ni  ous 
eOQ  tra  diet  o  ry 


de  form'  i  ty 
ten'  der  ly 
un  ple#$'  ant 
dis  con  tent' 
com  pas'  sion80 
o  blig  ing 
o'  pen  ly 
re  volv'  ing 
de  ci$  ion92 
fee'  ble  ness 
de  struct'  iv<2 
re  proach  ful 
de  tract  ing 
live'  li  ness 
hurt  fill  ly 
anx  1  e  ty 
sup  pli  ca'  tion79 
cor  ro'  sive 
in  con  slst'  ent 


de  face'  ment 
16v;  ing  ly 
of  f  en;  sive 
dis  like' 
pit'y 
civ  il 
pi  am  ly 
turn  ing 
piir  pose 
weak  ness 
dead  ly 
a  bu'  s\ve 
de  grad  ing 
W  i  ty 
wrong  ful  ly 
earn  est  ness 
en  treat'  y 
sharp 
c<5n'  tra  ry 


86 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


r  Miscellaneous. 

e  qui  lib'  ri  urn62 


as  si  du  i  ty 
het'  e  ro  dox  y 
dis  sat  is  f  ae'  to  ry 
flex  i  Ml'  i  ty 
in  ter  mu  ta'  tion79 
re  pu  di  a  tion 
el  e  ment'  a  ry 
in  u  til  i  ty40  N 
in  ter  lo  eu'  tion 
dis  rep'  u.  ta  bk40 
dis  Aon  or  a  hie 
dis  eon  tin'  u  ance40 
dis  a  gree  a  bly 
sub  or  di  na'  tion 
cir  eum  am'  bi  ent 
eon  fra  ter  ni  ty 


e  qui  poi$£ 
dil  i  genc<2 
her  e  sy 
dis  plea$'  ing 
pli'  an  cy 
in  ter  change 
re  jee'  tion79 
pri'  ma  ry 
use  less  ness40 
di  a  \ovue 
dis  grace'  ful 
re  proach  ful 
ces  sa  tion 
un  plea$  ant  ly 
sub  jee  tion 
sur  round  ing 
bro^th'  er  hood 


Great  Circles  on 
the  Globe. 

e  qua'  tor62  I 
ho  ri  zon 
e  clip  tie 
eo  lure$' 
me  rid'  i  an 

Smaller  Circles. 

trop'  ies 
po'  lar- 
cir  ek$ 

Planets. 

Mer'  eu  ry 
Ve  nus 
Earth 
Mar$ 
Ju'  pi  ter 
Sat  urn 


eom  mu  ni  ea'  tion'9 
a  bom'  i  na  bl<2 
vo  eab  u  la  ry40 
in  ter  po  $1"  tion 
in  ter  pret  a  tion 
in  sin  cer'  i  ty 
in  har  mo  ni  <?us 
in  hu  man  i  ty 
in  ear  cer  a'  tion 
in  fer  til'  i  ty 
dis  sim  u  la'  tion40 
dis  in  gen'  u  ous40 
dis  erim  i  na'  tion 
dis  ap  pro  ba  tion 
in  trin'  sie  al  ly 
in  va  ri  a  b\e 
in  vld  i  ous  ly 
su  per  in  tend''  enc# 
ma  te'  ri  al  ly 


in'  ter  eowrse 
de  test'  a  ble 
die'  tion  a  ry79 
in  ter  ven'  tion 
ex  pla  na  tion 
de  ceit'  ful  ness 
un  mu  $ie  al 
bar  bar  i  ty 
im  pri$  on  ment 
un  fruit  ful  ness 
hy  poe  ri  sy 
il  lib  er  al 
dis  tin"  guish  ing38 
dis  ap  prbV  ing 
in  ter'  nal  ly 
un  change  a  ble 
£n'  vi  ous  ly 
su  per  vl$'  ion* 
es  sen'  tial  ly71 


„92 


Her'  s<?hel 
Nep  tune 

Asteroids. 

Ce'  re$ 
Pal  las 
Ju  no 
Ves  ta 

Protections  in 
War. 

shield 
buck'  ler 
helm  et 
eui  rass'36 
re  douSt 
stock  ade 
for'  tress 
eas  tie 
bas  tion-** 
ab'  a  fk 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


87 


-Miscellaneous. - 


con  sid'  er  ate  ly 
con  so  ci  a'  tion72 
•eon  du  pli  ca  tion79 
con  de  scend'  ing  ly 
de  f  am'  a  to  ry 
in  flam  ma  to  ry 
in  ju  di"  cious  ]y 
in  suf  fi"  cien  cy 
in  -ere  du'  li  ty 
im  ma  tu  ri  ty 
im  pen'  i  tent  ly 
im  per  ti  nent  ly 
im  pro  pri'  e  ty 
il  lus'  tri  ous  ly 
im  ag  in  a  ry 
in  ci  dent'  al  ly 
in  m  spi"  cious  ly 


pru'  dent  ly 
com  pan'  ion  ship39 
doub'  ling 
court  e  ous  ly 
ca  liW  ni  ous 
in  flam  ing 
un  wi$e  ly 
de  ti"  cien  cy 
un  be  lief 
un  ripe'  ness 
3b'  du  rate  ly 
of  f  1"  cious  ly 
un  suit'  a  hie  ness 
con  spic  u  ous  ly40 


fT92 


vi$  ton  a  ryJ 
ca$  u  al  ly% 
un  fa'  vor  a  bly 


Bays. 

Bat"  fin's 
Ben  gal' 
Bis'  edit/ 
Cam  peach'  y 
Ches'  a  peake 
Del  a  ware 
Fun  dy 
Hud  son's 
Mo  bile' 

Seas. 

Az  of 
Bal'  tic 
Black 
Chi'  na 
Cas  pi  an 
I  rish 

Mar  mo  ra 


he  red'  i  ta  ry 
ob  lit  er  a'  tion79 
pre  or  di  na  tion 
pre  oc  -eu  pa  tion 
pre  pos'  ter  ous  ly 
pro  eras  ti  na  ting 
pr6f  it  a  hie  ness 
prob  lem  at'  ic  al 
prog  nos'  tic  a  ting 
su  per  im  pend'  ing 
sup  pie  ment'  a  ry 
un  &1'  ter  a  hie 
tu  mult  u  a  ry40 
vo  lupt  u  ous  ly40 
in  vol  un  ta  ri  ly 
in  har  mo'  ni  ous  ly 
in  sig  mf  i  can  cy 
im  mu  ta  bil'  i  ty 
im  prob  a  bil  i  ty 


pat  ri  mo'  ni  al 
ef  face'  ment 
fore  or  dam'  ing 
pre  pos  ses  sion80 
ab  siird'  ly 
de  lay  ing 
gam'  ful  ness 
ques  tion  a  hle^l 
fore  show'  ing 
o  ver  hang'  ing 
ad  di"  tion  al 
un  change'  a  hie 
dis  or'  der  ly 
lux  u  ri  ous  ly40 
un  will  ing  ly 
dis  cord  ant  ly 
un  im  port'  anc# 
un  change'  a  hie  ness 
un  like  li  hood 


North 
YeT  low 
White 

Gulfs. 

Both'  ni  a 
Cal  i  for'  ni  a 
Fin'  land 
Gen'  o  a 
Mex  i  co 
Per  sian09 
St.  Law'  rence 
ST'  am 
Tar  an  to 
Ven  ice 

Channels. 

Brit'  ish 
Bris  tol 
St.  George'* 
Mo  zam  hk[ue 


88 


SECTION  XXX. 
Defining  by  Phrases. 
a  stra?/  out  of  the  right  way.       cities  of  Europe, 

a  wait  to  wait  for.  Ath'  en$ 

be  siege  '  to  lay  siege  to.  Ber  lTn' 

be  wTare  to  be  cautious.  Bor  deaux'* 

cha  grin        state  of  ill-humor.  Bms'  sel$ 

«os  tume'        manner  of  dress.  €a  diz 

dis  grace        state  of  shame.  €ra  voiv 

ex  cept  to  take  out.  -Cork 

ex  treme        the  utmost  limit.  Dub'  lin 

forth  with       without  delay.  Dres  den 

suf  flee85       to  be  enough.  Ed'  in  burg 

well'-bred       polite  in  manners.  Glas  goto 

ba  sis  the  foundation.  Han  o  ver 

bev  y  a  flock  of  birds.  Ham  burg 

bra  zen  made  of  brass.  Lon  don 

■elaim  ant        one  who  claims.  Li$  bon 


earth'  en 
fut  ure40 
gut  ter 
long  in£ 
que  rist62 
quar  ry 
rep  tile 
ship  wreck 
spong  y 
trea$  ure89 
ves  per 
up  land 
wick  et 
war  like 
ward  robe 
wa£ch  man 
war  fare 
worth  y 
helm 


made  of  earth, 
time  to  come, 
passage  for  water, 
earnest  desire, 
one  who  inquires, 
a  stone  mine  or  pit. 
a  creeping  animal, 
loss  of  a  ship, 
soft  and  porous, 
wealth  laid  up. 
the  evening  star, 
high  land, 
a  small  gate, 
adapted  to  war. 
a  place  for  apparel 
a  night-guard, 
service  in  wTar. 
having  merit, 
rudder  of  a  ship. 


Liv'  er  pool 
Ly  on$ 
Mad  rid 
Mos  vow 
Na  pl<?$ 
Par  is,  orf 
Prague 
Rome 

RcW  en,  or  J 
Stock  holm 
St.  Pe  ter$  burg 
T(W  lon,  or  § 
Ven  ice 
Vi  en'  na 
Ve  ro  na 
War'  saw 
Wit  ten  berg 

*  Bor  do'      f  P'-i  ree' 
i  Roo  iing'   §  Too  long' 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINES.  89 


r 

—Verbs 

*> 

Words  of  opposite  Meaning. 

as  pire' 

to 

aim  at. 

lav  ish 

fru'  gal 

ab  seind 

to 

cut  off. 

pa  ti'ent71 

iret  iul 

ar  rive 

to 

come  to. 

pub  lie 

pri  vate 
win  ter 

as  sSnt 

to 

agree  to. 

sum  mer 

an  nex 

to 

join  to. 

sim  pie 

■eom  plex 

be  set 

to 

hem  in. 

si  lent 

noi  $y 

be  take 

to 

resort  to. 

slack  en 

quick  en62 

de  jeet 

to 

cast  down. 

up  per 

un  der 

de  -eant 

to 

pour  off. 

wi$  dom 

fol  ly 
na  dir 

e  mit 

to 

send  out. 

ze  nith 

ex  seind 

to 

cut  off. 

ad  vance 

re  treat 

e  rase 

to 

blot  out. 

a  dSpt 

re  jeet 

ex  -el  ami 

to 

cry  out. 

a  bove 

be  low 

ex  pel 

to 

drive  out. 

a  fore 

a  baft 

ef  face 

to 

blot  out. 

af  firm 

de  ny 

re  lapse 

to 

slide  back. 

be  fore 

be  hind 

re  cede 

to 

move  back. 

de  grade 

ex  alt 

in  jSet' 
se  leet 
in  sert 
af  fix 
de  duce 
de  volve 
de  traet 
dis  burse 
ex  empt 
ex  punge 
in  fli-et 
re  vert 
re  drSss 
re  Serve 
re  store 
re  -eline 
pre  cede 
se  elude 
seuT  fle 


to  cast  in. 
to  pick  out. 
to  set  in. 
to  fix  to. 
to  draw  from, 
to  roll  down, 
to  take  from, 
to  pay  out. 
to  free  from, 
to  blot  out. 
to  lay  on. 
to  turn  back, 
to  set  right, 
to  keep  back, 
to  give  back, 
to  lean  back, 
to  go  before, 
to  shut  out. 
to  struggle  with. 


di  re^t' 
di  verge 
dis  sSnt 
en  eamp 
in  duce 
in  erease 
in  hale 
in  spire 
di  vine 
pro  fane 
as  cSnd 
ar  rive 
in  vSlve 
in  -elude 
a  bridge 
en  list 
lim'  pid 
tor  rid 
-ere  ate' 


m  verse 
con  verge 
€on  sSnt 
de  -eamp 
e  duce 
de  crease 
ex  hale 
ex  pire 
hu'  man 
sa  cred 
de  se&nd' 
de  part 
e  vftlve 
ex  elude 
en  large 
dis  b&nd 
tfir'  bid 
frig  id 
de  stroy' 


90 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


ab  seSnd' 
as  perse 
•eon  volve 
■eon  voke 
de  rive 
en  twine 
im  bibe 
im  pinge 
pro  pel 
re  buff 
sub  scribe 
prQs'  trate 
ef  fu$e' 
ex  alt 
ex  Set 
ex  peet 
ex  trade 


-Verbs,  Nouus,  Adj.- 


Words  of  opposite  Meaning. 


to  hide  from, 
to  cast  censure, 
to  roll  together, 
to  call  together. 

to  deduce-,  to  draw  from. 

to  twist  around, 
to  drink  in. 
to  dash  against, 
to  drive  forward, 
to  beat  back, 
to  write  under, 
to  lay  or  fall  flat, 
to  pour  out. 
to  lift  high, 
to  demand, 
to  look  for. 
to  thrust  out. 


lib'  sent 
cheer  ful 
cen  ter 
dam  age 
doub  le 
eld  est 
free  dom 
for  mer 
feel  in£ 
hith  er 
home  ly 
ho  ly 
hilly 
im  port 
in  let 
in  come 
mi  $er 


pre$'  ent 
so  ber 
stir  face 
prof  it 
sin"  gle 
young'  est 
slav  er  y 
lSt  ter 
numb  ness 
tiiith  er 
hancZ  some 
sin  ful 
lev  el 
export 
out  let 
out  lay 
spend  thrift 


blub'  ber 
€of  fer 
du  el 
ex  cl$e' 
gr&v'  el 
glim  mer 
idol 
im  post 
mon  soon$' 
si'  phon46 
skir  mish 
tal  on 
dis  tinct' 
era  vat 
ex  tant 
al'  ley 
s§  quel62 
mis  date' 
lub'  ber 


fat  of  whales, 
a  money-chest. 

a  fight  between  two  persons. 

duty  on  home  goods, 
coarse  sand, 
a  faint  light, 
a  heathen  god. 
a  duty  on  goods, 
periodical  winds, 
a  bent  tube  or  pipe, 
a  slight  fight, 
a  bird's  claw, 
different  from, 
a  neck-cloth, 
now  in  being, 
a  narrow  way. 
a  succeeding  part, 
a  wrong  date, 
a  clumsy  fellow. 


mat'  ter 
ma  jor 
rum  hie 
o  pen 
love  ly 
tight  en 
black  en 
quick  en62 
fall  en 
short  en 
stop  page 
skit  tish 
tru  ly 
a  like' 
im  prSss' 
in'  gress 
in  jgct' 
in'  ward 
for  wrard 


spir'  it 
ml  nor 
clum  $y 
-elosed 
hate  ful 
loos  en 
whit  en 
slack  en 
ri$  en 
length  en 
pas  sage 
gen  tie 
false  ly 
un  like' 
ex  press' 
e'  gress 
e  jeet' 
out'  ward 
back  ward 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


91 


SECTION  XXXI. 

-Nouns.  N  Names  of  Towns. 

a  colored  mineral.  Aits'  tin 

a  close  assembly.  An  son 

a  small  anchor.  Al  fred 

a  defamatory  writing.  Am  Aerst 

a  plant  used  for  dyeing.  Bea  ver 

a  jewel  at  the  ear.  Chel  sea 

a  wandering  traveler.  Court  land 

a  clearing  away.  <£ats  kill 

a  fallacious  argument.  -Car  ll$le' 

a  written  discourse.  Deer'  field 

a  vessel  with  two  masts.  Dun  kirk 

a  common  man.  En  field 

a  rapid  stream.  Fair  field 

a  round  of  business.  Fish  kill 

a  cap  of  false  hair.  Free  hold 
half  the  files  of  a  company.  Gail  ford 


•era?/  on 
eon  -elave 
grap  nel 
IT  bel 
mad  der 
pend  ant 
pil  grim 
rid  danc<? 
soph  i$m46 
trea  tise 
sohoon  er 
jeo  man 
tor  rent 
tou  fine' 
per'  like 
pi  a  toon' 


shal  loon 
Sx'  i  om 
am  nes  ty 
fel  o  ny 
IT  bra  ry 
lot  ter  y 
man  u  al40 
me  eh  an  ist 
&ar  do  nyx 
prec  e  dent 
shrub  ber  y 
in  ti  mate 
sen  ti  nel 
stan  na  ry 
si  rSe'  eo 
pe  num  bra 
do  mes  tie 
tor  na  do 
sTik'-mer  cer 


a  slight  woolen  stuff. 

a  self-evident  truth. 

a  general  pardon. 

a  capital  crime. 

a  collection  of  books. 

a  scheme  for  prizes. 

a  small  book. 

a  maker  of  machines. 

a  precious  stone. 

a  foregoing  example. 

shrubs  in  general. 

a  familiar  friend. 

a  soldier  on  guard. 

a  tin  mine. 

a  noxious  wind. 

a  faint  shade. 

a  house  servant. 

a  violent  wind. 

a  dealer  in  silks. 


Green'  bush 
Hons  ton 
Had  dam 
Mil  burn 
Men  don 
Mead  ville 
Or  lean$ 
Pat*  let 
Pom  fret 
Pots  dam 
Platts  burg 
Rum  ford 
Swe  den 
ThSt  ford 
Tawn  ton 
Tol  land 
Wind  Aam 
Prince  ton 
Suf  field 


92  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


 .  Verbs  N  Names  of  Rivers. 

trans  fix'  to  pierce  through.  Broad 

aW  pu  tate  to  cut  off  a  limb.  Black 

an  ti  quate**2  to  make  obsolete.  Clinch 

mi  thor  ize  to  give  authority.  -Clark's 

bar  bar  ize  to  render  barbarous.  Dan 

€an  cer  ate  to  become  cancerous.  Duck 

can  non  ade'  to  attack  with  cannon.  Flint 

€o  hab'  it  to  dwell  together.  Fox 

eon"  gre  gate  to  collect  together.  Green 

con'  ju  gate  to  inflect  a  verb.  Jame$ 

eoun  ter  act'  to  act  contrary  to.  Neuse 

dis'  lo  eate  to  put  out  of  joint.  Trent 

nul  li  fy  to  render  void.  Pearl 

per  se  -cute  to  pursue  with  malice.  Red 

pu  tre  fy  to  make  putrid.  Rock 

rar  e  fy  to  make  thin.  Salt 

en  er  gize  to  give  energy  to.  Tar 


ex  -euT  pate  to  clear  from  fault.  White 

in  ear  nate  to  clothe  with  flesh.  York 

lit'  i  gate  to  contest  by  law.  Ya  zoo' 

ree  ti  fy  to  make  right.  Hud'  son 

sim  pli  fy  to  make  plain.  Mo  haz^k 

tyr  an  nize  to  act  the  tyrant.  On  ion39 

ver  si  fy  to  make  verses.  Sa  €0 

vit  ri  fy  to  turn  to  glass.  Ash  ley 

viv  i  fy  to  make  alive.  Coop  er 

leg  is  late  to  enact  laws.  Yad  kin 

trans  fig'  ure40     to  change  the  form.  Sa  bine' 

trit'  u  rate40  to  reduce  to  dust.  San  tee 

im  pan'  nel  to  enroll  a  jury.  Pe  dee 

em  bow  er  to  shelter  with  trees.  Mo  bile 

nom'  i  nate  to  propose  by  name.  Ma#  mee 

in  te  grate  to  make  entire.  Hu'  ron 

in  ter  line'  to  write  between.  Wa  bash 

in  tro  duce  to  bring  into  notice.  0  hi'  o 

in  tro  vert  to  turn  inward.  Ro  an  oke' 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


ad  mis'  sion80 
ad  June  tion79 
af  flict  ive 
af  fu  $ion91 
a  fore  time 
ap  pend  age 
arch  bish  op 
se  ces  sion80 
a  dop  tion 
ad  vent  ure40 
aT  li  gate 
an  ee  dote 
an  thra  cite 
as  c8n'  sion78 
ear  nel  ian39 
am'  bus  cade 
cir  «um  fuse' 


-Miscellaneous.- 


leave  to  enter, 
act  of  joining, 
giving  pain, 
a  pouring  upon, 
in  time  past, 
an  addition, 
a  chief  bishop, 
a  withdrawing, 
act  of  adopting, 
to  try  the  chances, 
to  tie  together, 
a  short  story, 
a  sort  of  coal, 
act  of  rising, 
a  precious  stone, 
a  lying  in  wait, 
to  spread  around. 


Names  of  Rivers. 

Ar  kan'  sas 
Ca  tsw  ba 
Ca  h&w  ba 
Mis  sou  ri 
Mus  king  um 
Os  we  go 
Oc  mulg  ee 
0  gee  chee 
Pe  nob  scot 
Po  to  mac 
Vmv  tux  et 
Pas  sa  ie 
Pa  tux  ent 
St.  "Lhw  rence 
Sa  v&n  naA 
Sa  til  la 
Sci  o  to 


re  ad  mit' 
€0  er'  cion67 
€0  16s  sus 
com  mm"  gl<? 
con  junct'  ure40 
con'  tra  band 
co  nun'  drum 
con  vie  tion79 
con'  ver  sant 
cor  rec'  tion 
coun'  ter  pane 
de  cri'  al 
glut'  ton  y 
her  o  me 
mac  co  boy 
mac  rd  co$m 
ml  cro  eo$m 
mas  si  cot 
per-c^nt'  um 


to  admit  again, 
restraint  by  force, 
a  huge  statue, 
to  mix  together, 
a  critical  time, 
illegal ;  forbidden, 
a  sort  of  riddle, 
a  proving  guilty, 
familiar  with, 
act  of  correcting, 
cover  of  a  bed. 
a  crying  down, 
excess  in  eating, 
a  female  hero, 
a  kind  of  snuff, 
the  great  world, 
the  little  world, 
protoxyd  of  lead, 
by  the  hundred. 


D&l'  a  ware 
-Cum  ber  land 
Nan  ti  coke 
Mer  ri  mack 
Prov  i  deuce 
Rar  i  tan 
Sar  a  nac' 
Yel'  low  stone 
Chick  o  pee 
Con"  ga  ree' 
Gen  e  see 
Ten  nes  see 
Wa  ter  ee 
II  li  nois 
Gas  con  ade 
Ken  tuck'  y 
Tom  big  bee 
San  dus  ky 
Ken  ne  bSc' 


9i 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINES. 


as  cer  tarn' 
in  ter  rupt 
des'  ig  nate 
mod  u  late40 
he$  i  tate 
mac  er  ate 
es  ti  mate 
ob  so  lete 
per  fo  rate 
£x  «a  vate 
ra  di  ate 
in  di  -eate 
em  a  nate 
su  per  vene' 
in  ter  vene 
de  pre"  ci  ate72 
big'  ot  ry 


-Miscellaneous,- 


to  find  out. 
to  break  in. 
to  point  out. 
to  vary  sounds, 
to  pause  in  doubt, 
to  make  lean, 
to  set  value  on. 
out  of  use. 
to  bore  through, 
to  dig  out. 
to  emit  rays, 
to  point  out. 
to  issue  from, 
to  come  upon, 
to  come  between, 
to  lose  in  value, 
blind  zeal. 


P*rts  of  Animals' 
Bodies. 

ank'  le 
ho  $6m 
bow  el$ 
81  how 
efe  lid 
f  ore  head 
glSt  tis 
giz  zard 
gul  let 
fin"  ger 
in'  step 
kid  nej 
/muck  \e 
lar  ynx 
liv  er 
hars  let 


Sv'  e  nue  entrance  to  a  place.  mid'  riff 

con  se  quence62     "what  follows.  mem  brane 

post  u  late40  an  assumed  position.  mus  c\e 

vlr  u  lent40  ;  very  poisonous.  nos  tril 

lin  i  ment  soft  ointment.  pal  ate 

or  tho  dox  sound  in  faith.  pel  vis 

pel  li  e\e  thin  external  skin.  pu  pil 

form  u  la40  a  given  form.  should  er 

sal  a  ry  stated  hire  or  wages.  stom  ach 

pan  o  ply  full  armor.  tSn  don 

gal  ax  y  the  milky  way.  ud  der 

prec  i  pic<2  a  steep  descent.  ar  te  ry 

per  dl"  tzon  utter  ruin.  -eu  ti  ele 

pi  men'  to  allspice.  oe  ci  put 

plum  ba  go  black-lead.  -era  ni  um 

mis  no  mer  a  misnaming.  knee  pan 

te  na  cious67  holding  fast.  back  bone 

in  -cum  bent  resting  on.  wind  pipe 

im  put  ing  charging  to.  fore  arm 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  95 
SECTION  XXXII. 

 Verbs.  ■  N 


e  van'  gel  ize  to  instruct  in  the  gospel. 

ex  p6st  u  late40  to  reason  earnestly  with  entreaty* 

re  tal  i  ate  to  render  like  for  like. 

ex  ag  ger  ate  to  enlarge  beyond  the  truth. 

a  nal  o  gize  to  explain  by  analogy. 

as  sira  i  late  to  make  or  to  grow  like. 

as  sev  er  ate  to  affirm  positively. 

co  op  er  ate  to  labor  with  others  for  the  same  end. 

per  pet  u  ate40  to  make  perpetual  or  permanent. 

a  pSs  ta  tize  to  forsake  one's  profession  or  faith. 

a  pftl  o  gize  to  plead  for,  or  to  excuse. 

fa  cil  i  tate  to  make  easy  or  easier. 

ex  em  pli  fy  to  illustrate  by  example. 

in  dem  ni  fy  to  save  harmless  from  loss. 

ne  ces  si  tate  to  make  necessary. 

ma  tri«  u  late40  to  admit  to  membership. 

lux  u'  ri  ate40  to  grow  to  excess. 

phi  16s  o  phize46  to  reason  as  a  philosopher. 

pre  mSd  i  tate  to  consider  beforehand. 

ex  pee  to  rate  to  discharge  from  the  lungs. 

im  mor  tal  ize  to  make  immortal  or  imperishable. 

in  fu  ri  ate  to  enrage,  or  to  make  mad. 

im  par  a  dlse  to  put  in  a  place  of  felicity. 

mo  nop  o  lize  to  engross  or  purchase  the  whole. 

•ehaY  ae  ter  ize  to  give  character  to. 

nat  u  ral  ize40  to  adopt  as  a  native' citizen. 

vol  a  til  ize  to  render  or  make  volatile. 

na  tzon  al  ize71  to  make  national. 

o  rig  i  nate  to  produce  what  is  new. 

re  ex  am'  ine  to  examine  a  second  time. 

re  es  tab  lish  to  establish  again. 

do  mSs  ti  cate  to  tame,  or  to  make  tame. 

ar  tie  u  late40  to  speak  distinctly. 

pre  sig  ni  fy  to  signify  beforehand. 

pre  typ  i  fy  to  show  before  by  figure. 


/ 


9(3 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


„  —  Miscellaneous.  N         Names  of  Towns. 

€0  eoon'  the  silk-worm's  ball.  Bath 

ma'  tron  an  elderly  lady.  Keene 

ean  o  py  a  covering  overhead.  Lynn 

com  e  dy  a  humorous  dramatic  piece.  Lyme 

des  pot  ism  absolute  power ;  tyranny.  Rome 

horn  i  cide  a  man-slayer.  Troy 

leth  ar  gy  morbid  drowsiness.  Ware 

bin  na  e\e  a  ship's  compass-box.  Wells 

par  a  gon  a  perfect  model.  York 

prof  li  gate  extremely  vicious.  Bel'  fast 

priv  i  lege  peculiar  benefit.  Biir  ton 

in  ter  im  the  mean  time.  Ben  son 

ob  lo  quy62  censorious  language.  Bed  ford 

ru  di  ment  first  principle.  Clin  ton 

s6ph  ist  ry46  false  reasoning.  Cam  den 

sym  me  try  due  proportion.  Can  ton 

u  $u  ryS  unlawful  interest.  Dan  by 


!  gyp'  se  0us  relating  to  gypsum.  Der'  by 

I  su  i  cide  self-murder.  DS1  hi 

|  pes  ti  lence  an  infectious  disease.  Da?/  ton 

\  ath  let'  iv  strong  and  vigorous.  E«s  ton 

I  «a  lor  ie  the  principle  of  heat.  Elk  ton 

|  €0  e  val  of  the  same  age.  Grot  on 

dra  mat  ie  pertaining  to  the  drama.  Frank  lin 

|  e  mo  tion79  a  moving  of  the  mind.  Am  boy 

I  mo  men  turn  the  force  of  motion.  Ash  land 

ar  mip  o  tent  powerful  in  arms.  Li  ma 

|  ex  pe  ri  ence  practical  knowledge.  Ma  €on 

|  pre  rSg  a  tiv#  exclusive  privilege.  New  ton22 

no  to  ri  ous  publicly  known.  Nor  foZk 

phe  nom  e  non46  something  remarkable.  New  bern22 

i  ga^d'  i  ness  tinsel  appearance.  N&£ch  ez 

pan  o  ra'  ma  a  view  on  all  sides.  Quin  cy62 

met  a  phy$  i«s  the  science  of  mind.  Spar  ta 

maw  so  le  um  a  magnificent  tomb.  LSn  ox 

hud!  a  to  ry  containing  praise.  Mon  roe' 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


97 


SECTION  XXIII. 

-Miscellaneous.  . 


an  no  ta'  tion79 
ad  o  ra  tion 
as  pi  ra  tion 

I  at  tes  ta  tion 
sub  ju  ga  tion 
suf  fo  ca  tion 
syn  co  pa  tion 
an  ti  sSp  tie 
art  i  fi"  czal 
the  o  ret'  ic 

j  met  a  phor  k46 
me  te  or  ie 
an  thol'  o  gy 
an  tip  a  thy 
as  sas  sin  ate 
an  nl  hi  late 


an  explanatory  note, 
divine  worship, 
an  ardent  wish, 
official  testimony, 
act  of  subduing, 
the  act  of  choking, 
contraction  of  a  word, 
opposing  putrefaction, 
made  by  art. 
pertaining  to  theory, 
expressing  similitude, 
pertaining  to  meteors, 
a  discourse  on  flowers, 
natural  aversion, 
to  murder  secretly, 
to  reduce  to  nothing. 


Words  contrasted. 

buy 

mi 

boy 

girl 

bless 

curse 

best 

worst 

black 

white 

bone 

flesh 

cool 

warm 

cold 

hSt 

come 

go 

coarse 

fine 

cheap 

dear 

daw 

night 

drv 

wSt 

east 

west 

far 

near 

fair 

foul 

fat 

lean 

false 

true 

first 

last 

find 

lo$e 

friend 

foe 

great 

small 

good 

bad 

hard 

soft 

high 

low 

height 

depth 

hill 

vale 

in 

out 

j°y 

ISng 

grief 

short 

loss 

gam 

l6ve 

hate 

la^gh45  cry 

boughtf  sold 

give 

take 

as  sev'  er  ate 
se  cu  ri  ty 
sex  Sn  ni  al 
so  brl  e  ty 
so  lem  ni  ty 
so  lid  i  fy 
sym  met  ri  cal 
syn  on  y  m<ms 
mer  cu  ri  al 
mis  an  thro  py 
scur  ril  i  ty 
aud'  it  o  ry 
bal  ne  a  ry 
stat  u  a  ry40 
ste  re  p  type 
stim  u  la  tive40 
tern  po  ra  ry 
tern  per  a  ment 
su  per  a  bound' 


to  affirm  positively, 
a  state  of  safety, 
once  in  six  years, 
habitual  temperance, 
steady  seriousness, 
to  make  solid, 
proportional  in  its  parts, 
the  same  in  meaning, 
relating  to  mercury, 
hatred  of  mankind, 
low,  abusive  language, 
an  assembly  of  hearers, 
a  bathing-room, 
art  of  carving  images, 
fixed,  immovable  type, 
tending  to  excite, 
continuing  for  a  time, 
constitution  of  body, 
to  be  very  abundant. 


98 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


-Nouns.- 


hy  poth'  e  sis 
mil  len  ni  um 
noe  tarn  bu  list 
som  nam  bu  list 
«a  par  i  son 
bi  og  ra  phy46 
dox  ol  o  gy 
in  gre  di  ent 
so  111  o  quy62 
phi  lol  o  gy 
zo  og  ra  phy 
taw  tol  o  gy 
•eri  te  ri  on 
aw  torn  a  ton 
tra  di"  tion 
vice  ge'  rent 
em  po  ri  um 


a  theory  or  system  assumed. 

a  period  of  a  thousand  years. 

one  who  walks  in  sleep  at  night. 

a  person  who  walks  in  sleep. 

a  superb  dress  for  a  horse. 

a  history  of  a  person's  life. 

a  hymn  or  form  of  praise  to  God. 

a  part  of  any  compound. 

a  talking  alone  or  to  one's  self. 

a  critical  knowledge  of  words. 

a  description  of  animals. 

a  repetition  of  the  same  words. 

a  standard  by  which  to  judge. 

a  self-moving  machine. 

a  transmission  from  father  to  son. 

an  officer  acting  for  another. 

a  place  of  merchandise. 


a'  vi  a  ry  a  place  in  which  birds  are  kept. 

Sm  is  sa  ry  a  spy,  or  a  secret  agent. 

pr6s  e  lyte  a  convert  to  some  new  opinion. 

Sp  o  plex  y  a  disorder  that  affects  the  brain. 

aw  to  graph46  a  writing  by  one's  own  hand. 

pla  gi  a  ry  a  theft  in  literature. 

c§r  e  mo  ny  a  form  of  civility ;  an  outward  rite. 

al  le  go  ry  a  figurative  discourse  ;  a  fable. 

an  ti  -christ  a  person  who  is  opposed  to  Christ. 

rep  ro  bate  a  person  abandoned  to  sin. 

in  ven  to  ry  a  list  of  goods  or  articles. 

a  er  o  nai^t  one  who  ascends  in  a  balloon. 

syn  o  nym  a  wTord  of  the  same  meaning. 

•eav'  al  cade  a  procession  on  horseback. 

ear  i  ca  ture  a  ludicrous  representation. 

di  18m'  ma  a  doubtful  or  difficult  choice. 

dys  pep  sy  a  difficulty  of  digestion. 

di  plo  ma  a  deed  of  privilege  :  certnicace. 

syn'  a  gogue  a  Jewish  house  of  worship. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINED  99 


-Miscellaneous.- 


al  lu'  vi  on  soil  deposited  by  water. 

af  fi  da'  vit  written  declaration  under  oath. 

8f  fi  ca  cy  power  to  produce  effects* 

hab  it  a  b\e  that  may  be  inhabited. 

sa  gac'  i  ty  acuteness  of  discernment. 

su  per  la  tivg  in  the  highest  degree. 

sus  cep  ti  hie  capable  of  receiving. 

ver  bos  i  ty  superabundance  of  words. 

ca  tag  tro  phe46  disaster  ;  unfortunate  conclusion. 

am  phib  i  ous  living  in  two  different  elements. 

ca$'  u  al  tyZ  an  unforeseen  event. 

or  thog'  ra  phy  the  art  of  spelling  correctly. 

cho  rog  ra  phy  the  art  of  drawing  maps. 

col  lo  qui  al62  relating  to  conversation. 

con  cep  ta  cle  that  which  contains  anything. 

con  nu  bi  al  pertaining  to  marriage. 

e  con  o  my  frugal  management. 

con  tig'  u  cms40  meeting  so  as  to  touch, 

mis'  eel  la  ny  a  variety  of  subjects, 

pat  ri  mo  ny  an  estate  inherited, 

or  tho  e  py  correct  pronunciation  of  words, 

mem  o  ra  hie  worthy  of  being  remembered, 

u  nan'  i  mous40  being  of  one  mind, 

bel  lig  er  ent  carrying  on  open  war. 

cen  trif  u  gal40  Ayhig  off  from  the  center, 

phi  lan  thro  py49  the  love  of  mankind, 

phi  16s  o  phy46  general  principles  of  science, 

col  le  gi  ate  pertaining  to  a  college, 

ma  ter  ni  ty  the  relation  of  a  mother, 

mu  nlc  i  pal  belonging  to  a  corporation, 

per  en  ni  al  lasting  through  the  year, 

me  trop  o  lis  the  chief  city  of  a  country, 

ty  pog  ra  phy  the  art  of  printing  from  types, 

mo  .not  o  ny  uniformity  of  sound, 

or'  tho  dox  y  soundness  of  doctrine. 

c.flu  en'  ta'al71  exerting  influence. 


100 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SECTION  XXXIV. 
Christian  Names  of  Men. 


Carl 

lb'  ner 

Charles 

a1  bert 

Clark 

a1  fred 

D  wight 

Al  len 

Floyd 

a1  vin 

Frank 

Ira  brose 

George 

a  mos 

Giles 

An  drew27 

Hugh 

An  son 

James 

Xr  thur 

J6b 

A  sa 

John 

Ash  er 

L/oyd 

Aus  tin 

Luke 

Be  la 

Mark 

BQ  el 

Miles 

But  ler 

Park 

Ca  leb 

Paul 

Cal  vin 

Piatt 

Ce  cil 

Ralph46 

Ch6s  ter 

S6th 

Clar  ence 

Ward 

ClSm  ent 

New'  ton22 

Ste'  phen84 

Nor  man 

Stew  art22 

or  rin 

Sid  ney 

or  son 

The  ron 

or  ville 

Thorn  as 

6s  car 

Virgil 

6  tis 

Wal  ter 

Pat  rick 

War  ren 

Pe  ter 

Wil  lard 

Phil  ip 

Will  iam39 

Phi  lo 

Wil  lis 

Quar  tus62 

Wil  son 

Reu  ben 

Ze  nas 

Rich  ard 

a'  bra  ham 

Rob  ert 

Xd  di  son 

Rol  lin 

A  lan  son 

Rol  lo 

A  Ion  zo 

Ros  €oe 

11'  phe  us46 

Ru  fus 

Am  a  sa 

Sa  lem 

In  tho  ny 

Se  ba 

Xr  chi  bald 

Sey  mowr 

Xr  te  mas 

Si  las 

a  sa  Ael 

Si  mon 

am  gus'  tus 

Clin'  ton 
Cy  rus 
D'an  iel39 
Dar  win 
Da  vid 
De  16s' 
DeV  nis 
De  Witt' 
Dex'  ter 
Eb  en 
fidgar 
Ed  mund 
£d  ward 
Ed  win 
e  lam 
£  noch 
Er  win 
Eu  gene' 40 
ez'  ra 
Fe  lix 
F^s  tus 
Fran  cis 


Frank'  lin 
Gil  bert 
Har  loio 
Har  vey 
He  man 
HSn  ry 
Her  man 
Hi  ram 
Ho  mer 
Hor  ace 
How  ell 
i  ra 
i  saac 
Ja  bez 
J  a  cob 
Ja  red 
J  a  son 
Jas  per 
Je  rome' 
JeV  se 
Jo  el 
Jo  nas 


Jo'  seph46 
Jo  tham 
Jud  son 
Jul  ius39 
Leon  ard 
Le  vi 
Lew  is22 
Li  nus 
Lo  ren 
Lou  is 
Lu  cms67 
Lu  ther 
Ly  man 
Mar  cus 
Mar  tin 
Mel  vin 
Mil  ton 
Mon  roe' 
Mo'  se$ 
My  ron 
Na  than 
Nel  son 


B€n' ja  min 
Be  ri'  aA 
Be  thuel 
Chris'  to  pher46 
Da  ri'  Us 
Eli  as 
Eli  hu 
Elijah 
E  li  sha 
E  li  zur 
Em'  er  son 
E  phra  im46 
E  ras'  tus 
Frgd'  er  ick 
Gld  e  on 
gu  li  an 
Gus  ta'  vus 
Han'  ni  bai 
Har  ri  son 
Ho  ra'  no71 
Is'rael 
Jef  fer  son 
Je  hi'  el 
Jon' a  than 


Josh  u  a 
Jo  si'  aA 
La  %  ette' 
Lem'  u.  el40 ' 
Lo  ren'  zo 
Ly  san  der 
Mi'  cha  el 
Na  than' iel 
Nlch'  o  las 
61  i  ver 
Or  lan' do 
O  zi  as 
Phin'  e  as46 
Sam  u  el40 
Sen  e  ca 
Sim  e  on 
Sol  o  mon 
S}T1  va'  nus 
Svl  ves  ter 
Thad'  de  us 
The  o  dore 
Tim  o  thy 
u  ri'  aA40 
u  lys  ses40 


Val'  en  tine 
Wash  ing  ton 
Zaeh  a  ry 
ZSb  u  Ion 
Al  ex  an'  der 
Az  a  ri  aA 
-Cor  ne'  li  us 
Eb  en  e'  zer 
El  e  a  zer 
E  liph'  a  let46 
E  ze  ki  el 
Ga  ma  li  el 
Hez  e  ki'  aA 
Jed  e  di'  a/i 
Jer  e  mi  aA 
L/ew  el  lyn*22 
Na  po  le  on 
Ne  he  mi'  aA 
Ob  a  di  aA 
Pel  a  1 1  kh 
The<V  Mu^ 
Zaeh  x  I 
Zech  a  ii 
Zed  e  ki   ~ — i 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


101 


SECTION  XXXV. 

Christian  Names  of  Women. 

Law'  ra  61'  ive 

Lib  bie  Per  sis 

Lil  lie  Phe  be 

Liz  zie  PhJ-l  lis 

Lo  is  Pol  ly 

Low  'i$e'  Pru  dcnce 

Lot/  tie  Ra  chel 

Lu  cia57  Rho  da 

Lu  cy  R6  $a 

Lu  la  Ro  sie 

Ma  bel  Sa  bra 

Mag  gie  Sal  ly 

Mar  cia67  Sal  lie 

Mar  tha  Sa  lome7 

Ma  ry  Sa'  raA 

Mat  tie  St61  la 

Me  rab  Sti  san 

Min  na  Su  sie 

Min  nie  Sib  yl 

Nan  cy  Tir  vM 

NCI  lie  Zil  pha46 

No  ra  lb'  i  ga/1 


Ann 

Car'  rie 

Flo'  ra 

Blanche 

Cel  ia39 

Flor  ence 

Grace 

char  lotte 

Fran  ces 

Jane 

Chlo  e 

Ger  trude 

Kate 

Clar  a 

Gra  tia71 

Rose 

■Co  ra 

Han  naA 

Ruth 

Del  ia39 

Hat  tie 

A.b'  bie 

Di  na/i 

HSl  en 

A.d  a 

1)6  ra 

HSs  ter 

xd  die 

Dor  eas 

HSt  tie 

a  my 

e  dith 

Hul  daA 

Xg'  nes 

t\  la 

i  da 

a1'  ice 

£1  len 

i  die 

A  my 

El  sie 

I  rene' 

An  na 

Em  ma 

Ja  ndt 

Xn  nie 

Es  telle' 

Ja  nStte 

An  nis 

es'  t/*er 

Jdn'nie 

Ber  tha 

£t  tie 

JSs  sie 

BS*  sie 

E\x  nice40 

Ju  dith 

Bet  sey 

e  va 

Jul  ia39 

Brirfg  et 

Fan  nie 

J  fin  ia39 

Bfeii  la/i 

Fan  ny 

Kit  tie 

Ad'  a  line 

DeV  o  rkh 

Je  ru' sha 

A.d  e  la/de 

Di  an'  a 

Jo  an  a 

A  del'  ia39 

Di  an  tha 

Jo'  se  phine 

A  11  da 

Dor'  o  thy 

Ju  li  eY 

Al  me  da 

Dru  sil;  la 

Ke  tu'  raA 

Al  mi  ra 

El'  ect  nor 

Ke  zi  aA 

Al  the  a 

E  11'  za 

Le  o  na 

A  man  da 

Lo  mi  na 

A  mel  ia39 

fim'  e  line 

Low  i  $a 

An  tni  npft*- 

T  ,r»  vi  c q 

XjU  V  1  Bet 

Al  se'  nath 

IPs  t&V  IA 

T.n  p^t-  ta 

XJll  ICl  lei 

ah  gtis  ta 

T.n  r*Yn  H «i 

JjU  ^  111  Lid 

A  zii  bah 

ev'  e  line 

Lu  ere  tia71 

Bar'  ba  ra 

Fi  del'  ia39 

Lyd'  i  a 

Be  a  trice 

6eor'  gie 

Mad  e  line 

Be  lin'  da 

Har  ri  et 

Mar  ga  ret 

-GaV  o  line 

Hele'na 

Ma  ri'  a 

Cath  a  rine 

Hep'  zibaA 

Ma  ri  an'  a 

Ce  cll'la® 

Han  no'  ra 

Ma'  ri  on 

-Cla  rin  da 

im'  o  gene 

Ma  til'  da 

<?la  rls  sa 

I  re  na 

Me  lin  da 

Cor  del  ia39 

Is'  a  bel 

Me  lis  sa 

Cor  nel  ia39 

is  a  dore 

Mi  ner  va 

Cyu'  thi  a 

Je  mi'  ma 

Mi  ran  da 

Mir'  i  am 
Nar  cisf  sa 
O  phel  ia$j 
Pa  mel  ia39 
Paw  li  na 
Pris  cil  la 
Re  bCe  ea 
Ro'  sa  lie 
Ro  $a  lind 
Ro  sa  mond 
Ro  set'  ta 
Rox  an'  a 
Se  li  na 
Sii'  vi  a 
So  phi  a46 
Su  san  na 
Tab'  i  tha 
The  re'  ia 
The  ri  na 
Try  phe  na46 
Try  pho  sa46 
Vi  6  la 
Zer'  vi  iih 
Al  der  St'  ta 


Am  a  ril'  la 
An  ge  l'i  na 
Ar  a  bel  la 
A  ri  an  a 
-Chris  ti  an  a 
E  liz'  a  beth 
E  van  ge  line 
Ev  e  li'na 
Geor  gi  an'  a 
Hen  ri  St  ta 
Is  a  bel  la- 
La  vin' i  a 
Le  o  no'  ra 
Lu  ci  an  a67 
Me  heY  a  bel 
Oe  ta  vi  a 
O  liv  i  a 
Pe  nSl  o  pe 
So  phrd  ni  a46 
The  o  do  si'a6a 
Vie  to'  ri  a 
Vi  oleYta 
Vir  gin'ia 
Ze  no  bi  a 


102  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SECTION  XXXVI. 
Defining  by  Captions. 

The  Noun  with  its  corresponding  Adjective. 

In  most  cases,  the  pupil  will  know  the  meaning  of  the  several 
nouns  standing  opposite  their  adjectives. 

The  adjectives  in  the  left-hand  column  of  each  couplet  are  defined 
by  repeating  the  words  at  the  head  of  the  columns,  with  the  primi- 
tive word  or  phrase  in  the  second  column,  standing  opposite  to  its 
adjective.  Thus,  over  formic  stands  "pertaining  or  belonging  to";  then 
formic  is  defined  by  saying,  "pertaining  to  ants."  So  dorsal^  "per- 
taining to  the  back." 


Pertaining  or  belonging  to 

for'  mie  ants 
iir  sine  bears 
fe  line  cats 


vac  cine 
ca  nine' 
vul'  pine 
vT  tal 
mar  fa'al71 
ho  ral 
flo  ral 
bSs  tial39 
pre  dal 
ni'  trous 
na  val 
vi  nous 
mu  ral 
bru  mal 
-elm  ie 
du  cal 
men  sal 
do  tal 
lo  eal 
fil  iaP 
f  is  cal 


€OW$ 

dogs 
f 8x  e$ 
life 
war 
AourS 
flow'  er$ 
beasts 
prey 
nf  ter 
ships 
wine 
walls 
win'  ter 
a  sick-bed 
a  duke 
a  ta'  ble 
a  dow  er 
a  place 
a  son 

a  treaS  ur  y8 


Pertaining  or 

dor'  sal 
na  tal 
pe  dal 
lum  bar 
cen  tral 
po  lar 
spi  nal 
front  al 
ver  nal 
ma  lar 
men  tal 
lu  nar 
nerv  ous 
na  Sal 
ccis  tal 
so  lar 
st£l  lar 
dent  al 
ve  nous 
ma  r'ine' 
ter  rene 
ru'  ral 
lin"  gual36 
f  o'  cal 


belonging  to 

the  back 
the  birth 
the  foot 
the  loins 
the  cen'  ter 
the  poles 
the  spine 
the  front 
the  spring 
the  cheek 
the  mind 
the  moon 
the  nerves 
the  nose 
the  nb$ 
the  sun 
the  stars 
the  teeth 
the  veins 
the  sea 
the  earth 
the  €6>un'  try 
the  tongue 
the  fo'  cus 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


1-03 


SECTION  XXXVII. 


Repeat  the  caption  with  any  word  in  the 
defines  its  opposite  word  in  the  first  column, 
out  blame. 


blame'  less 
braz'n  less 
beard  less 
eloud  less 
eye  less 
faith  less 
fnend  less 
fault  less 
fear  less 
grace  less 
guilt  less 
guile  less 
hope  less 


-Without- 


fclame 

sSnse 

beard 

clouds 

eyes 

faith 

friSnds 

faults 

fear 

grace 

guilt 

guile 

hope 


second  column,  and  it 
Thu9,  blameless,  with- 

Countries  of  Europe. 

Aus'  tri  a 
Ba  den 
Ba  va'  ri  a 
Bo  he  mi  a 
BSr  gi  um 
Den  mark 
Eng  land14 
Flan  der$ 
France 
Ger'  ma  ny 
Greece 
H&n'  o  ver 
Hoi  land 


heed'  less 
harm  less 
help  less 
jmce  less 
life  less 
leaf  less 
law  less 
noise  less 
rSst  less 
sight  less 
shame  less 
stain  less 
sleep  less 
s£nse  less 
tooth  less 
tear  less 
taste  less 
Snd  less 
joy  less 


«are 

harm 

hSlp 

jmce 

life 

leaves 

law 

noise 

rest 

sight 

shame 

stams 

sleep 

sSnse 

teeth 

tears 

taste 

end 


Hun"  ga  ry 
Ire  land 
It  a  ly 
Lap  land 
Nor  way 
Po  land 
Port  u  gal 
Prus  sza  * 
Bus  sia  f 
Sax  o  ny 
Seot  land 
Spam 
Swe'  den 
Swit  zer  land 
Tiir  key 
Wales 

Wir  tern  burg 

•  Pru'  sha  or  Prush'  a. 
t  Ru'  sha  or  Rush'  a. 


104:  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SECTION  XXXVIII. 
Repeat  the  caption  at  the  head  of  the  eolumns  with  any  word  in 
the  second  column  of  the  couplets,  and  it  defines  its  opposite  word  in 
the  first  column.    Thus,  blackish,  somewhat  black. 


 Somewhat- 

black'  ish 

black 

^  A  little,  or  £ 

bur  let 

l  SP»9ll  N 

ball 

-eool  ish 

cool 

fil  let 

band 

dusk  ish 

dusk 

glob  ule40 

globe 

damp  ish 

damp 

gran  ule40 

gram 

f  amt  ish 

faint 

hill  ock 

hill 

i'ltJdl  l&H 

rpv»o  din 
cell 

po  ny 

L  T\  T*C!  O 

11UI  bt? 

gray  isn 

gray 

pull  ty 

1X7  r»  AA 

wiieei 

11C/  W  loll 

IlUVV 

pup  pui 

U.Oi.1 

jr\\  r\  ink 
U1U.  lbU 

OKI 

pen  nant 

nag 

pai  lOll 

pale 

pal  let 

oeu. 

vAn w r\  ion 
IUUI1U.  lbll 

lOUIlUL 

peo  vie 

stone 

cm  oil   1 C5  ri 
bLLiall  lbll 

sm^ll 

runu  ieu 

■cask 

CI  A  It.  IQn 
oalO  loll 

balu 

VI VI  or  lof 
J.  1  LI  i_  lt?U 

ring 

sour  ish 

sour 

rip'  pl# 

wave 

sick  ish 

sick 

mor  sel 

piece 

soft  ish 

sfift 

sach  el 

bag 

sweet  ish 

sweet 

stream  let 

stream 

wSt  tish 

wBt 

lSm6  kin 

lSm6 

whit  ish 

white 

duck  ling 

duck 

Like  a 

leaf  let 

leaf 

boy'  ish 

boy 

bil  let 

lgt'  ter 

child  ish 

child 

ham  let 

vil  lage 

€olt  ish 

colt 

Isl  et 

Tsl  and 

girl  ish 

girl 

pSn  iard39 

d2g  ger 

wolf  ish 

wolf 

pust  ule40 

pirn  pie 

fool  ish 

fool 

par  eel 

bun  die 

mul  ish 

mule 

round  let 

cir  ele 

f  8p  pish 
brut  ish 

fSp 
brute 

tab  let 

ta  hie 

tur  ret 

tow  er 

elown  ish 

clown 

vi  al 

bSt  tie 

Jcn&v  ish 

&nave 

cask  et 

box 

slut  tish 

slut 

riv  u  let40 

brook 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


105; 


Pertaining  or  relating  to 

ce  ta'  ceous67  whales 
di  ur  nal 
noe  tiir  nal 
lach'  ry  mal 
sac  er  do'  tal 
t&m'  po  ral 


Consisting  of,  or  containing 


lae  te  al 
fo  ren'  sic 
bal'  ne  al 
cor  o  nal 
fes  ti  val 
lin  e  ar 
ma  ter'  nal 
pa  ter  nal 
bib'  li  cal 
cer  e  bral 
cor  po  ral 


<% 
mght 
tear$ 
priests 
time 
milk 
courts 
a  bath 
a  erown 
a  feast 
a  line 
a  moth'  er 
a  fa  ther 
the  Bi  b\e 
the  bram 
the  bSd'  y  ■ 


a  que  ous^ 
vit  re  ous 
fer  re  ous 
sco  ri  ous 
pul  ver  cms 
ig  ne  ous 
f  I  brous 
pi  lose' 
sa  line 
me  tal'  lie 
ma  te  ri  al 
gan"  guin'  e  ous3 
wool'  ly 
spi  nous 
grass  y 
tiirf  y 
earth  y 


w&  ter 

glass 

I  ron85 

drciss 

dust 

fire 

fi'  ber$ 

hazr 

salt 

mSt'  al 

mat  ter 

blood 

wool 

thorn$ 

grass 

turfs 

earth 


clSr'  ic  al 
dig  it  al 
la  bi  al 
lat  er  al 
pee  to  ral 
gut  tur  al 
hu  mer  al 
max  il  lar 
fern  i  nin<2 
in  fant  ine 
ce  les'  tial39 
he  ro  ic 
of  f i"  cfal 
fra  ter'  nal 
nu  m8r  ic  al 
hi  ber  nal 
oph  thai  mic46 
pftp'  u  lar40 
se  pul'  ehral 


the  -eler'  gy 
the  fin"  ger 
the  lips 
the  side 
the  brgast 
the  throat 
the  should'  er 
the  j&w  bone 
fe'  males 
in  fants 
heav  en 
he  roe$ 
of  fice 
broth  er$ 
nam  ber 
win  ter 
the  eye 
the  peo'  pie 
bu'  ri  al11 


Resembling  or 

ser'  rate 
glo  D0U3 
milk  y 
o  val 
spi  ral 
gla  cwus67 
os  se  ous 
nSb  u  bus40 
u  ve  ous40 
niv  e  0us 
an  nu  lar 
stel  late 
tu  bu  lar 
ret  i  cule 
cir  cu  lar 
ser  pen  tine 
eap  il  la  ry 
fi  la'  ceousF 


v27 


like 

a  saz/j 
a  globe 
milk 
an  egg 
a  screw'* 
Tee 
bone 
a  cloud 
a  grape 
snow 
a  ring 
a  star 
a  tube 
a  net 
a  cir'  ele 
a  ser  pent 
a  hazr 
threads 


106 


SECTION  XXXIX. 
Repeat  the  caption  with  any  word  in  the  second  column,  and  it 
defines  its  opposite  word  in  the  first  column  ;  thus,  delusive,  having 
a  tendency  to  deceive. 

-Having  a  tendency  to  — - ^         r  Implies- 


de  lu  sive 

de  ceive' 

a  vawnt' 

be  g<3ne' 

dis  sua  sive36 

dis  suade36 

a  foot 

OKI  foot 

dif  fu  sive 

dif  fu$e 

a  bed 

in  bed 

de  prSss  ive 

do  press 

a  drift 

a  float 

de  struct  ive 

de  stroy 

a  side 

a  part 

de  cep  tive 

de  lude 

a  frSsh 

a  new22 

as  sua  sive36 

as  suage36 

a  slope 

a  slant 

in  cen  sive 

pro  voke 

a  thwart 

a  cross 

pro  mo  tive 

ad  vance 

aloft 

on  high 

pre  vent  ive 

pre  vent 

a  do 

bus'  tie 

eon  sump  tive 

con  sume 

a  shore 

on  shore 

re  pul  sive 
il  lu  sive 

re  pel 

a  dievi 

fare  wSll' 

mis  lead 

a  nSn 

quick'  ly 

con  du'  cive 

pro  mote' 

<x  u ci^rv 

TT-rj  yi/1 

cor  rSct  ive 

cor  r&et 

a  head 

be  fore' 

a  mil  sive 

a  mu$e 

a  go 

past ,  gone 
liv'  ing 
yel  \oiv 

ad  van  cive 

ad  vance 

a  live 

in  cen  tive 

in  cite 

sSV  lo^ 

sub  ver  sive 

sub  vert 

vil  lous 

sn_ag  gy 

Having  power  to 

IT  mous 

slim  y 

ere  a'  tive 

ere  ate' 

spi  ny 

thorn  y 

eo  er  cive 

eo  erce 

be  LOUS 

uribt  ly 

com  press  ive 

€ora  press 

brid  al 

nup  ttal^- 

ab  straet  ive 

ab  straet 

mat  in 

morn  ing 

pro  due  tive 

pro  duce 

lu  cid 

shin  ing 

at  traet  ive 

at  tract 

aws  tral 

south  era 

Able  to 

tac  it 

si  lent 

re  ten'  tive 

re  tarn' 

tep  id 

w^rm 

ef  feet  ive 

ef  feet 

gal  bus 

hard 

in  vent  ive 

in  vent 

gel  id 

cold 

per  cep  tive 

per  cetve 

erim  $on 

deep-rSd 

com  pul  sive 

com  pSl 

se  nile 

old 

TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


107 


SECTION  XL. 
Define  each  word  in  the  first  column  of  each  couplet  by  prefixing 
that  may  or  can  be  to  the  word  opposite ;  thus,  audible,  that  may  or  ! 
can  be  heard. 


-That  may  or  can  be- 


-That  may  or  can  be- 


a?^d'  i  ble 
flex  i  ble 
f  ea$  i  ble 
leg  i  ble 
leas  a  ble 
p81  pa  ble 
pass  a  b\e 
pay  a  b\e 
tSn  a  b\e 
teach  a  ble 
vend  i  ble 
vis  i  b\e 
bend  a  ble 


heard 

bent 

done 

rSad 

let 

felt 

passed88 

paid 

held 

t&ughb 

sold 

seen 

bent 


a  bat'  a  b\e 
a  void  a  b\e 
ac  cSss  i  b\e 
ad  mis  si  b\e 
€om  press  i  b\e 
cor  rupt  i  b\e 
-eon  ceiv  a  ble 
con  fin  a  ble 
de  riv  a  b\e 
de  $Tr  a  ble 
de  clin  a  ble 
de  due  i  ble 
ex  cu$  a  ble 


a  bat/  ed 
a  void  ed 
ap  proached'81 
ad  mit'  ted 
com  pressed'8 
cor  rupt'  ed 
con  ceived! 
con  fined 
de  rived 
de  $ired 
de  elined 
in  ferred 
ex  cu$ed 


cleav'  a  ble 
blam  a  ble 
gd  i  ble 
fu  $i  ble 
ford  a  ble 
fin  a  ble 
gust  a  ble 
mov  a  ble 
mend  a  ble 
laud  a  ble 
rat  a  ble 
sal  va  ble 
tan  gi  ble 
tarn  a  ble 
till  a  -ble 
trace  a  ble 
cur  a  ble 
prov  a  ble 
ma£ch  a  ble 


cleft 

blamed 

eat'  en 

melt  ed 

wad  ed 

fined 

tast'  ed 

moved 

mSnd'  ed 

praised 

rat'  ed 

saved 

touched82 

tamed 

tilled 

traced82 

cured 

proved 

matched82 


per  cep'  ti  ble 
re  $olv  a  ble 
rgf '  ra  ga  ble 
re  frSn'  gi  ble 
re  v&r  si  ble 
re  $ist  i  ble 
re  mis  si  ble 
re  mov  a  ble 
ad'  mi  ra  ble 
ap  pli  ca  ble 
com'  par  a  ble 
gov  era  a  ble 
par  don  a  ble 
r8p  a  ra  ble 
rev  o  ca  ble 
ex  pli  ca  ble 
su  per  a  ble 
ex  port/  a  ble 
per  f  Set'  i  ble 


per  ceived' 
re  $51ved 
re  fut'  ed 
re  fr&et  ed 


re  vers 
re  $ist'  ed 
re  mit  ted 
re  moved' 
ad  mired 
ap  plied 
com  pared 
gov'  erned 
for  giv7  en 
re  paired' 
re  called 
ex  plained 
o  ver  come' 
ex  port'  ed 
per'  feet  ed 


108 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SE 

Define  all  the  words  in 
can  not  be  destroyed. 
r  That  can  not 

in.  de  struct'  i  ble 
in  com  mut  a  ble 
in  eon  d£n  sa  bl^ 
in  eon  ceiv  &  ble 
in  eon  ceal  a  ble 
in  eon  trol  la  ble 
in  eon  tSst  a  ble 
in  eon  sum  a  ble 
in  eon  sol  a  ble 
in  eor  rupt  i  ble 
in  de  f  ea  $i  ble 
in  ex  clt  a  ble 
in  ob  $erv  a  ble 
im  per  c£p  ti  ble 


CTION  XLI. 
the  first  column,  thus  : 


de  stroyed' 
ex  changed 
eon  densed82 
eon  ceaved 
eon  ceal  ed 
eon  trolled 
eon  test'  ed 
eon  sumed' 
com'  fort  ed 
eor  rupt'  ed 
de  feat  ed 
ex  clt  ed 
ob  served' 
per  ceived 


indestructible,  that 
Cities  and  Towns. 

Bos'  ton 
Brook  lyn 
Ban'  gor 
Brun$  wick 
Bri3  tol 
€on"  eord 
Charles'  ton 
€leve  land 
Do  ver 
De  troit' 
FrSnk'  fort 
Hart  ford 
Jack  son 
New  port22 


in  ae  cess'  i  ble 
in  eor7  ri  gi  ble 
in  ev  i  ta  ble 
in  nu  mer  a  ble 
in  3p  pli  ea  ble 
il  lev  i  a  ble 
ir  rev  o  ea  ble 
in  ex  prgss'  i  ble 
in  ex  plor  a  ble 
im  m£a$'  ur  a  ble89 
im  prae  ti  ea  ble 
in  di$  cern'  i  ble85 
in  di  gest  i  ble 
in  di  vi$  i  ble 
in  dis'  pu  ta  ble 
in  dis  pgn'  sa  ble 
ir  re  $ist  i  ble 
ir  rSp'  a  ra  ble 
in  dis  so  lu  ble 


ap  proached'82 
eor  reet'  ed 
a  void  ed 
num'  bered 
ap  plied' 
lSv'  ied 
re  called' 
ut'  tered 
ex  plored' 
mSa$'  ured89 
per  formed' 
di$  cerned85 
di  g&st'  ed 
di  vid  ed 
dis  put  ed 
spared 
re  $ist'  ed 
re  paired 
di$  $Slved 


Nash'  ville 
New  York'22 
New'  burg22 
Port  land 
Ports  mouth 
Pitts  burg 
Rich  mond 
Rut  land 
Sa  lem 


spring 


field 


Tren  ton 
Au  burn 
Hud  son 
Low  ell 
New  ark22 
€am  bridge 
Mar  shal 
M&m  phis46 
Med  ford 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DE FINER. 


109 


SECTION  XLII. 

The  first  part  of  each  word,  in  the  first  column,  has  .  the  same 
meaning  as  the  word  opposite  in  the  second  column ;  therefore,  re- 
peating the  word  or  words  standing  at  the  head  of  the  couplets,  with 
whatever  stands  in  the  second  column  opposite  each  succeeding  word, 
defines  each  word  in  the  first  column.  Thus,  Bearing  heads  the  first 
column ;  then,  to  define  armigerous,  say,  bearing  arms  f  fructiferous, 
bearing  fruit. 


,  Bearing— 

ar  mig'  er  ous 
cru  cif  er  ous 
fruc  tif  er  ous 
glan  dif  er  ous 
la  nig  er  ous 
nu  cif  er  ous 
pal  mif  er  ous 


arm$ 

cross 

frmt 

a'  corns 

wool 

nuts 

paimS 


,  Producing- 

&u  rif  er  ous 
cal  cif  er  ous 
conch  if  er  ous 
cul  mif  er  ous 
fo  lif  er  ous 
gem  mif  er  ous 
mor  tif  er  ous 


gold 

lime 

shgll$ 

st&Zks 

leaves 

buds 

death 


squa  mig  er  ousb 
pru  nif  er  ous 

Producing 

cer  u  lif '  ic 
frig  0  rif  ic 
sap  0  rif  ic 
lu  cif  er  ous 
bulb  if  er  ous 
som  nif  er  ous 
bae  cif  er  ous 
f  Sr  rif  er  ous 
mel  lif  er  ous 
po  mif  er  ous 
flo  rif  er  ous 
hu  rif  er  ous 
Aerb  if  er  ous 
os  sif  er  ous 
om  nif  er  ous 
sem  in  if  er  ous 


scales  nu  bif  er  ous  clouds 

plums  0  vip  a  rous  Sggs 

plum  bif  er  ous  lead 

blue  ro  rif  er  ous  dew22 

cold  spi  nif  er  ous  thorns 

taste  sa  lif  er  ous  salt 

light  ver  mip  a  rous  worms 

bulbs  pes  tif  er  ous  plagi^e 

sleep  ar  un  din'  e  ous  reeds 

ber'  rie$  sue  cif  er  ous  sap 

1  ron35  cor  ti  cif  er  ous  bark 

hon  ej  sal  u  tif  er  ous40  health 

ap  pl^S  so  nif  er  ous  sound 

flow  er$  met  al  lif  er  ous  met'  als 

law  rel  hed  e  rif  er  ous  I  vy 

Aerbs  nec  tar  if  er  ous  nSc  tar 

bones  0  dor  if  er  ous  0  dor 

all  kinds  res  in  if  er  ous  r£$  in 

seed  sil  i  cif  er  ous  si  lex 


110 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINEIt. 


Doctrine  or  Science  of,  or  a 

as  tr8g'  ra  phy46 
conch  ol  o  gy 
den  drol  o  gy 
hy  drol  o  gy 
eth  nol  o  gy 
fos  sil  o  gy 
me  trol  o  gy 
new  rol  o  gy 
psy  chol  o  gy 
phy  tol  o  gy46 
phre  nol  o  gy46 
en  to  m31'  o  gy 
et  y  mol  o  gy 
gal  van  ol  o  gy 
gen  e  al  o  gy 
her  pe  tol  o  gy 
ich  thy  ol  o  gy 


Treatise  on 

stars 

shells 

tree$ 

w&'  ter 

na  tionS79 

f6s  sil$ 

mea$  ures89 

the  nerves 

the  soul 

plants 

the  bram 

in'  sects 

der  i  va'  tionS79 

gal'  van  i$m 

gen  er  a'  tion$79 

rgp'  tiks 

fish  e$ 


Kinds  of  Cloth. 

b&r'  ra  can 
cal  i  co 
can  ne  quin62 
cas  si  mere 
cor  du  roy' 
dr  a  per 
dim  i  ty 
huck  a  back 
tap  es  try 
taf  fe  ta 
ban  dan'  na 
bom  ba  ziW 
al  a  mode 

Fortifications. 

bar  ri  cade' 

pal  i  sade 

in  trench'  ment 


min  er  81'  o  gy 
or  ni  thol  o  gy 
os  te  ol  o  gy 
lex  i  col  o  gy 
pyr  e  tol  o  gy 
u  ran  ol  o  gy40 
ver  me  ol  o  gy 

me  te  or  81'  o  gy 

phar  ma  cSl'  o  gy 
id  e  ol  o  gy 

ge  81' o  gy 


min'  er  al$ 

birds 

bones 

words 

f  e'  vers 

heav  en$ 

wSrmS 

C  me'  te  or$  and  at  mos- 
i  pher'  ic  phe  n8m'  e  na. 

phar'  ma  cy46 

i  de'  as 
i  struct'  ure  and  phy$'- 

\iesd  changes  of  the  earth. 


The  Art  of  Writing  or  Engraving  on 

chal  cSg'  ra  phy46  brass 

li  thog  ra  phy  stone 

ste  log  ra  phy  pil'  lar$ 

xy  log  ra  phy87  wood 

ce  rog  ra  phy  wSx 


heY  is  son 
gar  ri  son 
par  a  pet 

Weapons. 

blun'  der  buss 
bay  o  net 
dam  ask  in 
cim  e  ter 
jave'  lin 
ra'  pi  er 
bow  ie-km& 

Soldiers. 

com'  pa  ny 
rSg  i  ment 
sen  ti  nel 
cav  al  ry 
in  fant  ry 
dra  goon' 
H^t'-hors^ 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Ill 


SECTION  XLIII. 


Having  the  form 

eap'  ri  form 
cau  li  form 
cord  i  form 
eru  ci  form 
eu  ne'  i  form 
cym'  bi  form 
dent  i  form 
en  si  form 
gland  i  form 
lin"  gui  form36 
lu  ni  form 
o  vi  form 
ret  i  form 
seu  ti  form 
stel  li  form 
f  al  ci  form 


of  a 


goat 

staZk 

heart 

eross 

wedge 

boat 

tooth 

sword 

gland 

tongue 

moon 

Sgg 
net 
shzeld 
star 
sick'  \e 


Vessels  and 
Measures. 

bush'  el 
bar  rel 
bot  tie 
eru  et 
east  er 
chal  dron 
fir  kin 
flag  on 
punch  eons 
pig  gin 
pi£cfr  er 
pot  tie 
gal  Ion 
gob  let 
hogs  head 


Quadrupeds. 

bab  oon' 
bi  d8t 
bac?g'  er 
bea  ver 
brftck  et 
earn  el 
eas  tor 
eat  tie 
Sham  ois 
d5nk  ey 

fil  ly 

ga  zelle' 
gen'  et 
gi  r&nV 
heif  er 
jack  al 


ea  pif  li  form 
f  is'  tu  li  form 
oe  u  li  form40 
seo  ri  form 
seo  pi  form 

Eating  or  feeding  on 

ear  nlv'  o  reus 
gra  niv  o  rows 
herb  iv  o  rous 
os  siv  o  rous 
sar  et>ph  a  gous46 
ver  miv  o  rous 
bae  civ  o  rous 
gram  in  iv'  o  reus 

Having 

eor  nig'  er  ous 
ehe  lif  er  <ms 
eaw.  lif  er  cms 
plu  mig  er  ous 


hair 
pipe 
eye 
dr6ss 
broom 

flesh 

grain 

Aerbs 

bone$ 

flesh 

worms 

ber'  rie$ 

grass 

horns 
elaws 
stacks 
f  Sath'  er$ 


keel'  er 
ket  tie 
Shu  cer 
skil  let 
tank  ard 
turn  bier 
vT  al 
eu  bit 
f  ath  om 
fur  long 

Carriages. 

bug7  gy 

pha  e  ton46 

sulk  y 

wag  on 

stage 

eoach 

chaz'se 

slei^A1 


jag  u  ar'  40 
l&>p'  ard 
mam  moth 
monk  ey 
pan  ther 
rae  eoon' 
rein'  deer 1 
ze  bra 

Instruments 
of  Music. 

elaY  i  on 
flag  eo  let 
dul  ci  mer 
tam  hour  'ine' 
vi  o  lin 
vi  o'  la 
ser'  a  phi'ne 
ae  eor'  di  on 
mel  o  de  on 


112 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


The  Doctrine  of,  or 
Op'  ties 
phy$  ies46 
teeh  m€3 
eth  i«s 
stat  ies 
po  St'  i«s 
pho  net  ies46 
a  €ous  ties 
har  raon  ies 
sta  tist  i-es 
hy  dr%u\  ies 
pol'  i  ties 
gno  mSn'  ie$ 
sci  op  ties 
mne  mon  i-es 
ehro  mat  ies 
mag  net  ies 


a40 


the  Science  which  treats  of 

light 
nat'  tire' 
arts 

mor'  als 

b5d'  ie$  at  rest, 
po'  e  try 

^sounds 

mu'  $ie  al  sounds, 
state  of  the  eoun'  try. 
mo'  tion  of  flu'  ids. 
gov'  em  ment 
di'  al  ing 

cam'  e  ra  ob  seu'  ra 
mem'  o  ry 
€ol'  or$ 
mfc'  net  i$m 


Crimea. 

Br1  son 
as  sattlt' 
burg'  la  ry 
big  a  my 
cheat  ing 
ex  tor'  tion79 
gam'  ing 
gam  bling 
trea  $on 
lar  ce  ny 
mlir  der 
mazm  ing 
per'  ju  ry 
poi  $<?n  ing 
r5b  ber  y 
pi  ra  cy 
f  org  er  y 


hy  dro  stat'  ie3 
pneu  mat'  ie3 
me  ehan  ies 
b5t'  a  ny 
as  tr5n'  o  my 
a  nat  o  my 
a  rith  me  tie 
eal  is  then'  ies 

math  e  mat  ies 

met  a  phy$  ies46 
pyr  o  tesh  nies 


weight  of  flu'  ids. 
air 

ma  chinas' 

plants 

stars 

dis  sSe'  tion79 
num'  ber$ 

health'  ful  Sx'  er  ci$e. 
\  num'  ber 
{and  quan'  ti  ty.62 

mind 

fire'  works 


Science  of  refracted,  or  reflected 


-ea  tSp'  tries 
di  op  tries 
di  a  -eous'  ties 
•eat  a  -eous  ties 
eat  a  phSn  ies 


ATght 


sounds 


J 


Lakes. 

Su  pe'  ri  or 
Mich'  i  gan 
On  ta'  ri  o 
£'  r\e 
Hu  ron 
Geovge 
LQng'-Lake 
€a  yu'  ga 
Sen'  e  ea 
0  nei'  da 
0  was  co 
Cham  pi  am' 
Moose'  head 
Urn  ba'  gog 
Win  ne  ba'  go 
St.  Clair' 
Ge  ne'  va 
Crook'  ed 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


113 


SECTION  XLIV. 

-An  Instrument  for  Measuring  N 


ther  m8m'  e  ter 
ba  rom  e  ter 
hy  drom  e  ter 
ma  nom  e  ter 
eu.  di  8m'  e  ter40 
go  ni  ora  e  ter 
e  lee  trom  e  ter 
an  e  nom  e  ter 
a  er  om  e  ter 
era  ni  om  e  ter 
cal  o  rim  e  ter 
ste  re  om  e  ter 
gas  ora'  e  ter 
om  brom  e  ter 
pho  torn  e  ter46 
py  rom  e  ter 


t£m'  per  a  ture 

wei^At  of  azr. 

grav7  i  ty  of  liq'  uid$. 

den'  si  ty  of  air. 

pu'  ri  ty  of  air. 

SSI'  id  2n"  g\e$. 

e  lee  trie'  i  ty 

force  of  wind. 

bulk  of  gas'  e$. 

skulls 

heat 

sol'  ids 

g&s'  e$ 

ram 

\\gh\j 

de  gree$'  of  heat. 


Officers. 

Sd'  mi  ral 
&u  to  crat 
azd  de  camp 
em  per  or 
com  mo  dore 
con  sta  h\e 
cSr  o  ner 
cor  po  ral 
chSn  eel  lor 
gov  era  or 
gen  er  al 
mag  is  trate 
no  ta  ry 
prSs  i  dent 
sur  ro  gate 
lien  ten'  ant 


-Pertaining  to- 


pro  vin'  czal67 
co  lo  ni  al 
pa  ro  chi  al 
me  die  in  al 
mo  narch  ie  al 
dem  o  crat'  ic  al 
an  a  lyt  ie  al 

Government  of  a  State 

aw  toe'  ra  cy 
de  moe  ra  cy 
the  oe  ra  cy 
stra  toe  ra  cy 
ar  is  tSe'  ra  cy 
pa'  tri'  arch  y 
m3n  areh  y 
gyn  ar  chy 
ol  i  gar  ehy 
hep  tareh  y 


a  prov'  ince 
a  col'  o  ny 
a  par'  ish 
med'  i  cme 
mon'  areh  y 
de  m8e'  ra  cy 
a  nal'  y  sis 

or  Kingdom  by 

one's  self88 
peo'  pie 
G8d 

sol'  d/er  y50 

no'  b\e$ 

fa'  thers 

owe  man38 

f  e'  male 

few  peiy  sons.22 

sev'  en  per'  sons. 


man  da  rin' 
brig  a  dier 

Quadrupeds. 

an'  te  lope 
buf  fa  lo 
cat  a  mount 
el  e  phant46 
II  on  ess 
mas  to  don 
u  ni  corn40 
mo  noc'  e  ros 
rhl  noo  e  ros 
bu  ceph  a  lus46 
drom'  e  da  ry 

Plants. 

d&n'  de  li  on 
eo  ri  Sn'  der 
el  e  earn  pane' 
ge  ra'  ni  um 


114  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


A  Description  of,  or  a 

€0$  m8g'  ra  phy46 
ge  og  ra  phy 
hy  drog  ra  phy 
my  og  ra  phy 

see  nog  ra  phy 

to  pog  ra  phy 
bi  og  ra  phy 
zo  ol  o  gy 
u  ran  8g'  ra  phy40 
sel  e  nog  ra  phy 
bib  li  og  ra  phy 
ehro  n8g'  ra  phy 
gas  trol  o  gy 
pho  nog  ra  phy 
phy  tol  o  gy 


SECTION   XL  Y 

Treatise  on 

the  w6rld 

the  earth 

\va'  ter$ 

mus'  c\e$ 
c  per  sp&c'  live 
{seen'  er  y 

a  par  tic'  u  lar  pi 

one's  life38 

an'  i  mal$ 

hSav'  eu$ 

moon 

books, 

time  past 

stom'  aeh 

sounds 

plants 


Parts  and  Appendages 
of  Buildings. 

bolt 

door 

eaves 

floor 

flue 

ace  h&ll 

hearth 


key 

la£ch 

lock 

roof 

sSsh 

stairs 

shSlf 


the  81'  o  gy 
pyr  i  t81'  o  gy 
py  r81'  o  gy 
pa  le  81'  o  gy 

The  art 

eho  r8g'  ra  phy46 
ehi  rog  ra  phy 
or  thog  ra  phy 
ty  pog  ra  phy 


di  vin'  i  ty 
py  r?  tes 
heat 

an  tiq'  ui  tie$*^ 
»f 

map'  ping 
writ'  ing 

€or  reet/  spell'  ing 
print'  ing 


phra  $e  81'  o  gy 
my  th81'  o  gy 

phi  lol  o  gy 

phy$  i  81'  o  gy 
phy$  i  og  no  my 


sink 
wall 
bSl'  fry 
chim  ney 
eel  lar 
eol  umn 
€or  nice 
el8$  et 
pan  el 
par  lor 
tSr  race 
win  dow 
pan  try 
cu'  po  la 


•  mode  of  speech, 
a  sys'  tern  of  fa'  b\e$ 
c  the  set  ence  of 
nan"  guage.36 

[  the  sd*  ence  of  the  or-  gal  ler  y 
•!  gan  i  za'  tion  of  an'  i  mal$  «up  Joard41 
[or  plants. 

( the  art  of  di$  cern'  ing  the  -ehar'  ae  ter 
(of  the  mind  from  the  face. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


115 


PART  III. 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO  "  TOWN'S  ANALYSIS.1 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  TEACHERS. 

No  scholar  can  be  said  to  have  accomplished  anything 
valuable  for  himself,  till  he  thoroughly  understands  what 
he  studies,  and  perceives  the  application.  It  is  therefore 
hoped  that  teachers  will  not  fail  to  question  their  pupils  on 
the  introductory  part  of  each  Table,  and  to  explain  to 
them  every  particular.  Although  this  part  of  the  work  is 
very  much  simplified,  and  brought  down,  as  it  is  thought, 
entirely  to  the  capacities  of  children,  yet  much,  very 
much,  depends  on  the  oral  instruction  of  the  living 
teacher. 

In  the  first  place,  the  definitions  and  examples,  at  the 
|  head  of  each  table,  with  such  Rules  for  Spelling  as  are 
|  referred  to,  must  be  distinctly  learned  as  they  occur.    In  J 
!  these,  the  class  must  be  exercised,  till  each  pupil  under- 
stands them  perfectly.    When  this  is  accomplished,  let! 
the  teacher  give  such  number  of  words  for  the  class  to 
j  spell,  as  they  can  learn  well,  with  their  definitions,  —  not 
so  to  be  learned  one  day,  that  they  may  be  forgotten  the 
j  next,  but  to  be  learned  for  life.    When  the  scholar  has 
|  spelled  the  primitive  word,  and  defined  it,  let  the  teacher 
!  pronounce  the  same  word  with  what  is  to  be  joined  to  it, 
and  require  the  pupil  to  spell  and  define  it  thus  modified ; 
and,  lastly,  to  tell  the  part  of  speech  to  which  it  belongs. 
I  Let  the  same  course  be  uniformly  pursued  with  every  new 
table  under  the  following  sections. 


116 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


After  the  scholars  become  familiar  in  answering  the 
questions,  as  proposed  by  the  teacher,  let  him  give  out 
the  primitive  word,  and  require  his  pupils  to  go  through  j 
the  whole  process  alone.    In  this  way,  three  or  six  months ! 
will  be  likely  to  accomplish  the  work  of  years.  Words, 
language,  and  signification  will  become  equally  familiar,  j 
The  prefixes  and  suffixes,  component  parts  of  so  many 
thousand  words,  will  be  learned  for  the  entire  language, 
and  for  life. 

In  the  First  and  Second  Parts,  the  scholar  acquires  a 
knowledge  of  primitive  words,  and  in  the  Third,  rules  and ! 
examples  for  forming  and  defining  their  compound  and 
derivative  formations. 

In  the  following  tables,  no  more  words  are  given  than 
were  thought  necessary  to  exemplify  the  mode  of  defining. 
The  teacher,  however,  can  exercise  the  pupils  on  words  of 
his  own  selection  to  any  extent  he  chooses. 

The  words,  found  in  the  tables,  have  been  taken  with- 
out any  reference  to  repetition,  for  the  special  purpose  of 
showing  the  most  obvious  effect  of  the  prefixes  and  suffixes 
in  varying  their  signification. 

If  these  short  tabular  exercises,  with  their  prefixes  and 
suffixes,  are  thoroughly  mastered,  the  pupil  will  acquire 
the  ability  of  defining  something  like  twenty  thousand 
words  of  the  language,  as  a  reward  for  his  labor. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  117 


SECTION  I. 
RULES  FOR  SPELLING  DERIVATIVE  WORDS. 

Rule  1.  Final  e  must  be  dropped  before  the  addition 
of  a  suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel ;  as, 

Blame*  Force  Chose  Globe 

Blam'  a  ble         F6rc' t  ble        Chos'  en  G16b'  w/e40 

Exceptions.  Words  ending  in  ce  or  ge,  when  they  take 
the  suffix  able  or  ous,  and  verbs  ending  with  ee,  oe,  and  a  few 
other  terminations  in     retain  the  final  e  ;  as, 

Peace  -Gotir'  age  Hie  Dye 

Peace'  a  ble  Cour  a'  geous  Hie'  ing  Dye'  ing 

Change  A  gree'  Hoe  Singe 

Change'  a  ble  A  gree'  ing  Hoe'  ing  Singe'  ing 

Note.    The  word  practice  drops  e  in  accordance  with  the  rule;  and 
so  do  words  ending  in  ee,  ie,  oe,  ye,  or  ge  when  they  take  the  suffix  ed  or 
er ;  but  ie,  when  it  takes  the  6uffix  ing,  must  be  changed  into  y ;  as, 
Prac'  tice  Tie  Dye  Vie 

Prac'  ti  ca  ble    Tik/  Dy'  er  Vyf  ing 

Free  Shoe  Singe  Lte 

Fre'  er  Sbo'  er  Singed  Ly'  ing 

Rule  2.  Final  e  is  retained  before  the  addition  of  a  suf- 
fix beginning  with  a  consonant ;  as, 

Wise  Hope  Base  Game 

Wise'  ly  Hope'  ful         Base'  ness         Game'  ster 

State   "  Blithe  "  Noise  Safe 

State'  ment        Blithe'  some     Noise'  less        Safe'  ty 

Exceptions.  The  following  words  do  not  retain  the 
final  e:  — 

Awe  True  Loathe  Lodge 

Aw'  ful  Tru'  ly  Loath'  ful  Lodg'  ment 

aw'  less  Whole  Loath'  some  Xr'  gue 

Due  Whol'  lv  Judge  Xr'  gu  ment 

Du'  ly  A  bridg'  ment  Jttdg'  ment  Ac  kuowl'  edg  ment 

Rule  3.    "Words  ending  in  y  preceded  by  a  consonant 
change  the  y  into  i  before  an  additional  termination ;  as, 
€6me'  ly  Fu'  ry  MeV  ry  De  r\y' 

Come'  It  ness  Fu'  ri  ous  MeV  ri  ment  De  nied' 
MeV  cy  Stud'  y  Ho'  \y  Com  ply' 

MeV  ci  ful        Stttd'  z'es  Ho'  It  er  Com  pit'  ance 

*  In  the  words  exemplifying  the  Rules  and  their  Exceptions  under  this  Section, 
letters  are  italicised  merely  to  attract  special  attention  to  the  letters  or  syllables 
referred  to  ;  aud  hence  they  must  not  be  regarded,  in  all  cases,  as  silent  or  un- 
sounded in  the  pronunciation  of  the  words,  as  in  other  parts  of  the  book. 


118  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Exception  1.  Before  the  suffix  oils,  y  is  sometimes 
changed  into  e  ;  as, 

Du'  ty  Beau'  ty  Pit'  y  Plen'  ty 

Du'  te  ous  Beau  te  ous  Pit'  e  OU3  Plen'  t£  ous 

Exception  2.  7~  remains  unchanged  before  the  termina- 
tions ing,  ish,  ism,  9s,  and  in  some  of  the  derivatives  of  dry, 
shy,  and  sly  ;  as, 

Try  _  T(Vry  Dry  Shy 

Try'  ing  To'  ry  ism  Dry'  ly  Shy'  ness 

Ba'  hy  La'  dy  Dry'  ness  Sly 

Ba/  by  ish  La'  dy's  Ma'  ry's  Sly'  ly 

Rule  4.  When  final  y  is  preceded  by  a  ww^/  in  the  same 

syllable,  it  remains  unchanged  before  an  additional  termi- 
nation ;  as, 

Boy  De  lay'              An  noy'  Mon'  ey 

Boy'  ish  De  layed'           An  noy'  ance  Mon'  eys 

Joy  De  stroy'            Re  pay'  At  tor'  ney 

Joy'  ous  De  stroy'  er        Re  pay'  ment  At  tor'  neys 

Exceptions.  The  words  day,  lay,  pay,  say,  slay,  and  stay 
(to  remain)  change  y  into  i  in  a  few  of  their  derivatives  ;  as, 

Day  Lay  Pay  Say  Slay  Stay 

Dii'ly         Lam  Paid  Sam9  Slam  Staid 

Note.  A  few  words  drop  final  y  before  the  suffix  ist  or  ize ;  and  a  few 
others  ending  in  fy  drop  y  and  take  action  or  active;  as, 

B5t'  a  ny  Har'  mo  ny  Pu'  tre  fy  €Yil  e  fy 

Bot'  a  nist  Har'  mo  nize  Pu  tre  fas'  tiori®  -Gal  e  ide'  tive 

Eii'  lo  gy40  Sym'  pa  thy  Sat'  is  fy  Stu'  pe  fy 

Eu'  lo  g/^  Sjrm'  pa  thize  Sat  is  fa«'  tion  Stu  pe  fdc'  fioe 

Rule  5.  Monosyllables,  and  words  accented  on  the  last 
syllable,  ending  with  a  single  consonant  preceded  by  a  single 
vowel,  doable  that  consonant  before  the  addition  of  a  suffix 
beginning  with  a  vowel ;  as, 

Bob  Bid  Snap  Re  be/' 

Ro/>'  6er  Bid'  den  Sna// joish  Re  be//'  ion39 

Ra.7  Pft  Stir  Re  mi*' 

Ra/7'  yed  Pif'  fance  Stirred  Re  mit'  tance 

Fan  Skim  Smttl  Be  gin' 

Fan'  ny  Skim'  mer  Sma?'  ty  Be  gin'  ning 

Ro£  Kno*  Spin    '  De  mur' 

E6£'  /en  Knck1  Spin'  ning  De  nattr'  rage 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFLNER.  119 

EXCEPTIONS,  When  the  accent  of  the  primitive  word  is 
changed  in  the  derivative,  the  final  consonant  is  not  doubled ; 
as, 

Confer'  Pre  tor*  De  ffcrf  Infer' 

€on'  fer  ence      Prgf  er  a  ble    Def  er  e"n'  tial71      lu  fer  eV  tial71 

Rule  6.  Words  ending  wTith  a  single  consonant  preceded 
by  a  digraph  or  diphthong,  and  words  not  accented  on  the  last 
syllable,  and  those  also  not  ending  with  a  single  consonant,  do 
not  double  the  final  consonant,  when  a  suffix  beginning  with  a 
vowel  is  added  ;  as, 

Sai/  Brown  Trav'  el  Mel* 

Sai/'  or  Brown'  ish  Trav'  el  er  MS]/1  ing 

€on  cea/'  Be  elouc/'  Sim'  i  lar  Re  eord1 

-Con  cea/'  ing  Be  e\oud'  ed  Sim  i  lar'  i  ty  Re  core/'  er 

Exception  1.  Some  words,  without  regard  to  accent, 
double  the  final  consonant,  principally  because  it  is  doubled  in 
the  languages  from  which  the  words  are  derived ;  as, 

.€an'  eel  €r^s'  tal  Ex  ce7'  Tran'  qui/52 

-Can  eel  /a'  tion79  Crys'  id  /ize         £x'  eel  /ence       Tran  qui/'  li  ty 

Exception  2.  If  one  letter  of  the  digraph  is  dropped 
when  a  suffix  is  added,  the  final  consonant  is  sometimes  doub- 
led ;  as,  fiiiT,  fa/'  h  ble  ;  appeal,  ap  pe/'/ant. 

Rule  7.  Words  ending  in  er  or  or  sometimes  drop  the  e  \ 
or  o  before  a  suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel ;  as, 

Ti'  ger  Re  mSm'  ber  le'  tor  Ad  min  is  tra'  tor 

Ti'  gress         Re  mem'  bxance       Xef  tress        Ad  min  is  tra'  trix 

Rule  8.  Words  ending  in  ble  drop  le  before  the  suffix  ly ; 
but,  when  they  take  the  suffix  itys  the  e  only  is  dropped,  and 
an  i  is  inserted  between  the  b  and  /  ;  as, 

Hum'  ble  Fee'  ble  a  ble  No'  ble 

Hum'  bly  Fee'  bly  a  bil'  i  ty  No  biV  i  ty 

Rule  9.  When  the  suffix  ion  or  ive  is  added  to  words 
ending  in  d,  ade,  ide,  ode,  ude,  vert,  and  a  few  in  ent,  the  final 
d,  de,  or  t  is  changed  to  s  ;  as, 

De  sceW  De  cioV  "Con  clfwfe'  Dis  sSnf' 

De  seen'  sion78  De  e\$  ion92  Con  elu'  fion91  Dis  sen  sion78 

In  vade'  Ex  plur/e'  Di  vert'  In  cluoV 

In  va'  *ion91  Ex  plu'  sive  Di  v£r'  sion78  In  elu'  sive 


120  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Rule  10.  Words  ending  in  ate  drop  te  before  the  suffix 

ble,  cy,  or  ry  ;  and  those  ending  in  ant  or  ent  drop  t  before  ce 
or  cy  ;  as> 

es'  ti  mate  Lit'  er  ate             in'  stanf  -Con'  stanf 

es'  ti  ma  ble  Lit'  er  a  ry           In'  stance  €on'  stan  cy 

in'  tri  eate  Xr'  bi  trate            ad'  sent  Flu'  en£ 

in'  tri  ea  cy  Ar'  bi  tra  ty          Ab'  sence  Flu'  en  cy 

Rule  11.  Words  ending  in  scribe  change  be  into  p  before 
the  suffix  tion  or  tive  ;  as, 

As  eri&e'  In  seri&e'  Be  seri&e'  Pro  serine' 

As  cri//  tion79     In  seri^'  tion79     De  seri//  tive       Pro  serf//  tive 

Rule  12.  Words  ending  in  solve  or  volve  change  ve  into 
u  before  the  suffix  tion  and  some  others  ;  as, 

:     Dis  solre'  Ab  solre'  In  voire'  -Gon  voice' 

Dis  so  lu'  tion79    Ab  sol'  u  to  ry40  In  vo  W  tion79    €on'  vo  \u  ted 

Rule  13.  Words  ending  with  a  double  letter  preserve  it 

double  in  all  their  derivatives  formed  either  by  prefixes  or 
suffixes  ;  as, 

Bnjf  See  Du/J  Free 

Re  buy  Fore  see'  DM'  ness  Free'  ly 

Spe7/  Gross  UAff  Glass 

Mis  spe//'  Engross  Mti^' less  Glass' y 

Exceptions.  Words  ending  in  //  when  they  take  a  suffix 
beginning  with  /,  and  some  irregular  derivations  from  verbs 
ending  in  11  or  55,  and  also  the  derivatives  of  the  word  pontiff 
and  some  others,  drop  one  of  the  double  letters  ;  as, 

Hill  Shall  Bless  Ton' tiff 

Hi/'  ly  Shaft  B16st  Pon  ti/'i  eal 

Ti//  Will  mil  Pontl/Meate 

Un  ti/'  Wi/t  An  nu/'  An  nu/f  merit 

Rule  14.  Compound  words  are  generally  spelled  like  the 
simple  words  of  -  which  they  are  composed ;  as,  foe'-man, 
horse'-shoe,  mill'-dam. 

Exceptions.  Full,  when  unaccented,  or  when  used  merely 
as  a  suffix,  miss  (to  err),  when  used  as  a  prefix,  and  some 
other  simple  words  ending  in  //,  when  they  form  permanent 
compounds,  drop  one  of  the  double  letters  ;  as, 

Fu/i  Full  Miss  WM  aU  Buff 

Fu/  fill'    Fear'  fui     Mis  rule'     We/'  fare     \l  most'    Bu/'  rush 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


121 


SECTION  II. 

THE  SUFFIXES  DEFINED  AND  EXEMPLIFIED. 

A  root  is  a  primitive  or  simple  word,  from  which  derivative 
words  are  formed  by  means  of  suffixes  and  prefixes ;  as,  fruit  in 
fruit'  less. 

A  suffix  is  a  letter,  syllable,  or  word  added  or  annexed  to  a 
root  or  primitive  word,  in  the  formation  of  derivatives ;  as,  less  in 
fruit'  less,  ful  in  fruit'  ful. 

At  the  commencement  of  every  Table  under  this  Section  and  the 
following,  the  teacher  is  expected  to  make  all  necessary  explana- 
tions,  and  to  propose  as  many  questions  as  are  needful  to  familiar-  j 
ize  each  scholar  in  his  class  with  the  meaning  and  application  of  the  j 
given  suffixes  or  prefixes. 

One  example  or  more  is  given  at  the  head  of  each  Table,  show- 
ing the  ma^aer  and  order  of  forming  and  defining  all  the  other 
words  in  the  lesson.  The  order  is  designated  by  figures ;  and  the 
scholars  must  supply  the  meaning  of  each  derivative  word  in  the 
table,  in  accordance  with  the  illustrative  example  or  examples. 

As  the  noun,  adjective,  verb,  adverb,  and  participle  are  so  fre- 
quently referred  to  in  the  following  tables,  we  here  introduce  a 
brief  definition  and  illustration  of  each  one. 

A  noun  is  the  name  of  an  object  or  of  some  abstract  quality  of 
it;  as,  man,  apple,  virtue. 

An  adjective  is  a  word  joined  to  a  noun  or  pronoun,  to  qualify 
or  limit  *'s  meaning;  as,  a  sweet  apple,  five  men. 

A  vev;b  is  a  word  by  means  of  which  something  is  affirmed ;  as, 
I  men  live,  birds  sing,  I  am  loved. 

An  adverb  is  a  word  joined  to  a  verb,  an  adjective,  or  another 
|  adverb,  to  modify  its  meaning ;  as,  birds  sing  sweetly,  a  very  good 
man,  he  walks  quite  fast. 

A  participle  is  a  word  derived  from  a  verb,  and  partakes  of 
I  the  properties  of  a  verb  and  an  adjective ;  as,  the  following  tables, 
!  diligently  studied,  will  richly  repay  the  pupil  for  giving  them  his 
;  unwearied  attention. 

The  suffix  or  prefix,  when  joined  with  a  primitive  word,  and  also 
:  its  peculiar  signification,  are  printed  in  italics. 


U 


122 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


The  illustrative  examples,  and  all  other  words  to  be  spelled  and 
defined,  are  divided  into  syllables,  accented,  and  their  proper 
pronunciation  indicated  in  the  same  manner,  as  in  other  parts  of 
the  book. 

The  formation  of  derivative  words  by  suffixes  furnishes  a  practi- 
cal application  of  the  Rules  for  Spelling ;  and  references  are  made, 
in  each  table,  from  the  examples  illustrating  them.  The  teacher 
must  invariably  require  the  pupils  to  show  the  application  of  the 
Rules  or  Exceptions  referred  to. 

For  a  further  explanation  of  Part  Third,  see  pages  115  and 
116. 

TABLE  I. 

The  Suffix  Less,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Less,  as  a  suffix,  means  without ;  destitute  of;  wanting.  The  roots  or 
primitive  words  in  this  table  are  nouns;  but,  when  less  is  added,  the 
derivatives  thus  formed  are  adjectives. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 
Root  and  Definition.  Derivative  and  Definition. 

1.  -Cash,  money;  coin.       2.  -Cash'  less,  without  money  ;  without  cash. 


Bound,  a  limit. 
Bound'  less, 
Qause,  a  reason. 
Caj7$^'  less* 
Child,  an  infant. 
Child'  less, 
Doubt,  uncertainty. 
Doubt'  less, 
Dream, thoughts  in  sleep. 
Dream'  less, 
end,  termination. 
£nd'  less, 

Grief,  sorrow ;  sadness. 
Grief'  less, 
Match,  an  equal. 
Match'  less, 


Spell  and  Define. 

Law,  a  rule  of  action. 
Latf'  less, 
Life,  existence. 
Life'  less* 
NoiS£,  any  sound. 

KOISS'  LESS* 

Path,  a  road  ;  a  way. 
Path'  less, 
Point  a  sharp  end. 
Point'  less, 
P£st,  repose ;  quiet. 
B£st'  less, 
Sf  NS£,  understanding. 
Sensj'  less* 
Sleep,  rest ;  repose. 
Sleep'  less, 

*  See  Rule  2  page  117. 


Track,  a  footprint;  a 
Track'  less,  [mark. 
Thorn,  a  sharp  point ;  a 
Thorn'  less,  [spine. 
Bot'  tom,  a  foundation. 
B6t'  tom  LESS, 
Com' fort,  consolation. 
Com'  fort  less, 
Fa'ther,  a  male  parent. 
FX'  ther  less, 
Moth'  er,  a  female  par- 
Moth'  er  less,  [ent. 
Mo'  tion,79  a  movement. 

Mo'  TION  LESS, 

Shel'  ter,  a  cover. 
Shel'  ter  less. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


123 


TABLE  II. 

The  Suffixes  Ful,  Ose,  and  Y,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ful,  ose,  or  Y  implies  full  of;  abundance  of;  abounding  in  or  with  ; 
having  much;  as  much  as.  Y  sometimes  implies  belonging  to;  like  or 
pertaining  to;  consisting  of. 

In  this  table,  the  roots  or  primitives  are  defined  as  nouns.  The  deriva- 
tives, with  the  exception  of  pailful,  are  adjectives. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Plaf,  sport  or  merriment.  1.  Palm,  a  tree  and  its  fruit. 

2.  Plaf'  ful,  full  of  sport  or  play.  2.  Palm'  f,*  abounding  ivith  palms. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Bliss,  happiness.  De  vice',  contrivance.  Dis  trCst',  suspicion. 
BlIss'  fulJ  De  vice'  ful,%  Dis  trust'  ful, 

Fraud,  deceit;  guile.  Dis  gust',  dislike.  Verb,  a  word. 

Fraud'  ful,  Dis  gust'  ful,  Ver  bose',* 

Pe^ice,  composure;  Dis  tress',  pain; anguish.  Wa'  ter,  a  common 
Feace'  ful tt  [quiet.  Dis  tress'  ful  ft  Wa'  ter  r,*  [fluid. 

Spite,  malice  ;  hate.  Re  gard',  respect ;  esteem.  Pail,  a  common  ves- 
Spite'  ful,%  Re  gard'  ful,  Pail'  ful.  [sel. 


TABLE  III. 

The  Suffixes  Ful  and  Less  in  Connection  with  the  Same 
Root. 

Let  the  pupil  observe  and  explain  the  opposite  import  of  the  deriva- 
tives, formed  by  the  alternate  use  of  these  suffixes. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Pain,  distress  of  some  kind.     2.  Pain'  ful,  fidl  of  pain  or  distress. 
3.  Pain'  less,  without  pain  or  distress. 


art,  skilL;  craftiness, 
art'  ful, 
art'  less, 

*  Rule  6,  page  119. 


Spell  and  Define. 

Mirth,  merriment. 
Mirth'  ful, 
Mirth'  less, 

t  Rule  13,  page  120. 


Hope,  expectation. 
Hope'  ful,\ 
Hope'  less,\ 

\  Rule  2,  page  117. 


124  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


-Care,  anxiety;  oversight.  Need,  want;  necessity.  Change,  alteration. 
C  are'  ful*  Need'  ful,  Change'  ful,* 

Care'  lesS,*  'Need' less,  Change'  less,* 

Fear,  dread  ;  reverence.  Praf'  er,  a  petition.  Joy,  gladness;  bliss. 
Fear'  ful,  Praf'  er  ful,  Joy'  ful, 

Fear'  less,  Praf'  er  les,s,  [grace.  Joy'  less,  [pity. 

Fa ult,  a  defect ;  error.  Shame,  reproach;  dis-  Mer'  cy,  clemency; 
Fault1  ful,  Shame'  ful*  Mer'  ci  fulJ 

Fault1  less,  Shame'  less*     [idea.  Mer'  ci  less  J 

Getile,  deceit;  cunning.  Thought5,    reflection  ;  Pit'  y,  compassion. 
Gi7ile'  ful*  Thought'  ful,  Pit'  i  ful,X 

Guile' less  *  Thought'  less,  Pit'  i  less,] 

TABLE  IV. 

The  Suffix  Ish,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ish,  with  nouns,  implies  like,  or  somewhat  like;  with  adjectives,  it  im- 
plies somewhat.  The  primitives  in  the  first  column  are  nouns,  in  the 
second  and  third,  adjectives.    All  the  derivatives  are  adjectives. 

Define  the  first  column  like  brute,  and  the  second  and  third  like 
small. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Brute,  an  irrational  animal.       1.  Small,  little;  trifling. 

2.  Brut'  ish,  %  like  a  brute.  2.  Small'  ish,  somewhat  small. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Boy,  a  male  youth.  old,  aged  ;  not  new.  Graf,  of  mixed  color. 
Boy'  ish,  §  old'  ish,  ||  Graf'  ish,  § 

Dwarf,  very  small  per-  Blue,  of  a  particular  Wet,  containing  water. 
Dwarf'  ish,  ||     [son.  Blu'  ish,  $       [color.  Wet'  tish,  1 

\  ATnave,  a  dishonest  Black,  of  the  darkest  Gool,  moderately  cold. 
TTnav'  ish,  X      [man.  Black'  ish,     [color.  €ool'  ish,  || 

1  Mule,  a  mongrel  ani-  Brown,    of   a  dark  Sour,  tart,  as  vinegar. 
Mul'  ish,  X        [mal.  Brown'  ish,  \\  [color.  Sour'  ish,  || 
Slut,  a  dirty  woman.  Dusk,  a  little  dark.     Sick,  affected  with  dis- 
Slut'  tish,H  Dusk'  ish,  Sick'  ish,  [ease. 

*  Rule  2,  page  117.  t  Rule  3,  page  117.  %  Rule  1,  page  117. 

§  Rule  4,  page  118.  ||  Rule  6,  page  119.  IT  Rule  5,  page  118. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  125 


TABLE  V. 

The  Suffixes  Er,  Or,  Ar,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Er,  DR,  AR,  ARD,  AN,  EE,   EER,    IAN,    IER,    ISAN,    1ST,    ITE,  NER,  i 

ster,  yer,  or  zen,  implies  the  person  who;  one  who;  or  the  thing' 
which.    An  or  ar  sometimes  implies  pertaining  to  or  relating  to.  The 
primitives  are  verbs,  nouns,  or  adjectives.    The  derivatives  are  nouns, 
,  or  adjectives. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Bittld,  to  make,  as  a  honse.  1.  P£r'  sia,c9  the  name  of  a  country. 
,  2.  Build'  em*  one  who  builds.    2.  Per'  sian,  pertaining  to  Persia. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Deml,  to  buy  and  sell.  Vis'  it,  to  go  to  see  an-  art,  skill ;  dexterity. 
Deal'  er*  Vis'  it  or*      [other,  art'  i  $an*  [to nature. 

Drum,  to  beat  a  drum.  Beg,  to  ask  alms.  Nat'  u  ral,40  according 
Drum' M£i2,t  Beg'  gar,\  Nat' tj  ral  ist,  * 

|  Hunt,  to  search  for.  Dote,  to  become  silly  Is'  ra  el,  the  son  of 
;  Hunt'  er*  Do'  tard,  %    [by  age.  Is'  ra  el  ite*  [Isaac,  j 

!  Le4d,  to  guide ;  to  con-  Mis  sis  sip'  pi,  a  state.  Part,  a  share  or  por-  i 
Le^id'  er*        [duct.  Mis  sis  sip'  pi  an,       Part'  ner,  [ti-on.  \ 

j  Make,  to  create  ;   to  Re  fer',  to  leave  to  an-  Trick,  a  cheat;  decep-  ■ 
Mak'  er,  X        [form.  Ref  er  ee1,  \\     [other.  Trick'  ster,  [tion. 
R6b,  to  plunder.  Fu'  sil,  alight  musket.  Latt,  a  statute. 

R6b'  BER,i  Fu  sil  eer'*  Latf'  ter, 

Scoff,  to  ridicule.       Phys'  ic,  the  art  of  heal-  Cit'  y,  a  large  town. 
Scoff'  er,  §  Phy  si"  cian,      [i-ng.  Cit  i  zen,^ 

Vend,  to  sell ;  to  bar-  Fi  nance',  revenue  ;  Line,  a  straight  mark,  j 
Vend'  er,  *         [ter.  Fin  an  cier\  [income.  Lin'  e  ar. 

TABLE  VI. 

The  Suffix  En,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

En,  as  a  suffix,  when  added  to  nouns,  means  made  of;  but,  when  \ 
added  to  adjectives,  it  commonly  means  to  make.  The  primitives  in 
the  first  column  are  nouns;  but  the  derivatives  formed  by  the  addi- 

*  Rule  6,  page  1 19.  f  Rule  5,  page  118.  %  Rule  1,  page  117. 

§  Rule  13,  page  120.  ||  Ex.  Rule  5,  page  119.  TT  Rule  3,  page  117. 


\  126  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


tion  of  en  are  adjectives.  The  primitives  in  the  second  and  third 
columns  are  adjectives ;  and  the  derivatives  are  verbs. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

'■  I.  Wax  [noun],  a  sticky  substance.   1.  Hard  [adj.],  solid;  difficult. 
2.  Wax'  en,  made  of  wax.  2.  Hard'  en*  to  make  hard. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Beech,  the  name  of  a  Bright,  shining ;  clear.  Like,  similar. 

Beech7  en,         [tree.  Bright'  en,  LIk'  en,  X 

ejlrth,  soil ;  the  globe.  De^if,  unable  to  hear.  Loose,  slack ;  not  tight. 

E4RTH'  EN,  Deaf'  EN*  LOOS'  EN,  J 

Flax,  a  fibrous  plant.  Fat,  fleshy;  plump.     Short,  of  little  extent. 

Flax'  en,  Fat'  tenJ  Short'  en,  * 

Gold,  a  precious  met-  Glad,  delighted  ;  joy-  Sharp,  keen  ;  painted. 

Gold'  en*  [al.  Glad'  den,-\         [ful.  Sharp'  en,  * 

LiLiD,  a  soft  metal.       White,  snowy  ;  pure.   We^ik,  feeble;  hnirm. 

Le^d'  en*  Whit'  en,  J  We4k'  en* 

oak,  the  name  of  a  tree.  Flat,  a  dead-level.      Wide,  broad;  extensive. 

o^ik'  en*  Flat'  ten,1[  Wid'  en.  X 

TABLE  VII. 

The  Suffix  Ly,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Lt,  added  to  nouns  and  thus  forming  adjectives,  means  like;  but 
when  added  to  adjectives  and  thus  forming  adverbs,  it  means  in  a  — 
manner.     The  primitives  in  the  first  column  are  nouns ;  in  the  second 
i  and  third  they  are  adjectives.    The  derivatives  formed  by  adding  ly  to 
|  the  former  are  adjectives;  those  formed  by  adding  it  to  the  latter  are 
adverbs. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Man  [noun],  a  human  being.    1.  Swift  [adj.],  quick;  rapid. 

2.  Man'  ly  [adj.],  like  a  man.       2.  Swift'  ly  [ad.],  in  a  swift  manner. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Frz£nd,  an  intimate.    Blind,  wanting  sight.  Meek,  mild  ;  humble. 
Friend'  ly,  Blind'  ly,  Meek'  ly, 

*  Rule  6,  page  119.  t  Rule  5,  page  118.  %  Rule  1,  page  117. 


TOWN'S  SPELLEE  AND  DEFINER. 


127 


Ghost,  an  apparition. 

GilOST'  LTy 

King,  a  sovereign. 
King'  if, 

Prince,  a  king's  son. 
Prince'  ir,* 
Sa/nt,  a  holy  person. 
Saint'  if, 

€ow'  ard,  a  timid  per- 
€ow'  ard  xf,  [son. 
Neigit'bor,  one  living 
Neigxt'  bor  LTy  [near. 


Brave,  courageous. 
Brave'  if,  * 
-Gross,  peevish. 
-Cross'  if,  t 
Grave,  sober ;  serious. 
Grave'  ly,  * 
Kind,  benevolent. 
Kind'  ly, 

Gay,  sportive ;  lively. 
Gaf'  ly,  t 

Grand,  magnificent. 
Grand'  ly, 


Mean,  base ;  vile. 
Mean'  ly, 
Neat,  clean ;  nice. 
Neat'  ly, 
Proud,  haughty. 
Proud'  ly, 
Wise,  having  wisdom. 
Wise'  ly,  * 
So'  ber,  serious;  temper- 
So' ber  xf,         x  [ate. 
Pru'  dent,  discreet ;  ju- 
Pru'  dent  xf.  [dicious. 


TABLE  YIIL 
The  Suffix  Ed,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ed,  in  the  past  tense  of  verbs  or  in  participles,  means  did,  was,  or 
were;  but,  in  participial  adjectives,  it  means  having  or  being. 

The  primitives  are  defined  as  verbs ;  and  the  derivatives  formed  by 
the  addition  of  ed  are  verbs  or  participles. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 
I.  Fold,  to  double  over.  2.  Fold'  ed,  §  did  fold,  or  was  or  were  folded, 


Spell  and  Define. 


arch,  to  curve. 

Fade,  to  lose  color. 

Loan,  to  lend. 

ARCHED82 

Fad'  ed,  1" 

Loaned,  § 

Blast,  to  wither. 

Fret,  to  vex ;  to  worry 

Mar,  to  injure. 

Blast'  ed,  § 

Fret'  ted,  \\ 

Marked,  |j 

Bloat,  to  swell. 

Filch,  to  steal. 

Mend,  to  repair. 

Bloat'  ed,  § 

FlLCHXD,82 

M£ nd'  ed,  § 

ChEck,  to  curb  ;  to  stop. 

Grant,  to  allow. 

M6ck,  to  mimic. 

Checkxd,82 

Grant'  ed,  § 

Mocked,82 

Dip,  to  plunge. 

Heal,  to  cure. 

Part,  to  separate. 

Dippxd,82  || 

Healxd,  § 

Part'  ed,  § 

Deck,  to  ornament, 

Jerk,  to  twitch. 

Skulk,  to  hide. 

Decked,82 

Jerkjsd,82 

Skulked,82 

*  Rule  2,  page  1 !  7. 

t  Rule  13,  page  120. 

+  Rule  4,  page  118. 

§  Rule  6,  page  119. 

||  Rule  5,  page  118. 

TT  Rule  1,  page  117. 

128  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


TABLE  IX. 

The  Suffix  Ness,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ness  most  generally  implies  a  state  of  being,  or  quality  of.  The 
primitives  are  adjectives;  but  the  derivatives  are  nouns. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Base,  mean  ;  vile ;  worthless.      1.  Lame,  unsound  in  limb. 

2.  Base'  ness,  *  the  state  or       2.  Lame'  ness,  *    the  state  of 

quality  of  being  mean.  being  lame. 

Spell  and  Define. 

apt,  fitted ;  suited.  Bald,  without  hair.      Hoarse,  having  a  rough 

apt'  ness,  Bald'  ness,  Hoarse'  ness,*  [voice. 

€lean,  free  from  dirt.  Fer'  vid,  hot ;  zealous.  Near,  close  by. 

€lean'  ness,  F£r'  vid  ness,  Near'  ness, 

Fair,  clear;  honest.  Fick'  le,  changeable.  Gloom'y,  dismal;  down- 

Fajr'  ness,  Fick'  lje?  ness,  *        Gloom'  i  ness,  t  [cast. 

Fit,  suitable.  Mel'  lotf,  soft ;  ripe.  Pen'  sive,  sorrowful. 

Fit'  ness,  Mel'  lotf  ness,  Pen'  sive  ness,  * 

Fleet,  swift ;  quick.  Sal'  lojf,  yellowish.  •  Qui'  et,62  calm ;  still. 

Fleet'  ness,  Sal'  lotf  ness,  Qui'  et  ness. 

TABLE  X. 

The  Suffixes  Able  and  Ible,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Able  or  ible  implies  that  may  or  can  be ;  capable  of  being  ;  fit  to 
be.  The  primitives  are  defined  as  verbs;  but  the  derivatives  are  ad- 
jectives. The  perfect  participial  form  of  the  primitive  is  usually  the 
last  defining  word. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Trace,  a  slight  mark,  [be  traced.  1.  Re  sist',  to  withstand,  [resisted. 

2.  Trace'  a  ble,  \  that  may  or  can  2.  Re  sist'  i  ble,  that  may  or  can  be 

Spell  and  Define. 
Blame,  to  censure.      As  cend',  to  mount  up.  De  bate',  to  discuss. 
Blam'  a  ble,  §  As  cend'  a  ble,  De  bat'  a  ble,  § 

*  Rule  2,  p.  117.      t  Rule  3,  p.  117.       {  Ex.  Rule  1,  p.  117.      §  Rule  1,  p.  117. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


129 


Bend,  to  crook. 
Bend'  a  ble,  * 
Clazm,  to  demand. 
€lazm'  a  ble,  * 
Drain,  to  filter. 
Drajn'  a  ble,  *■ 
Force,  to  compel. 
For'  ci  ble,  f 
Fuse,  to  melt. 
Fu'  si  ble,  t 
Tame,  to  domesticate. 
Tam'  a  ble,  f 


A  chjeve',  to  perform. 

A  CH/EV'  A  BLE,  f 

As  sail',  to  attack. 
As  sa/l'  a  ble,  * 
At  tajn',  to  gain. 
At  tazn'  a  ble,  * 
Chas  tise',  to  punish. 
Chas  tis'  a  ble,  t 
■Con  ce^il',  to  hide. 
€on  ce^il'  a  ble,  * 
■Gor  rode',  to  eat  away. 
Cor  rod'  i  ble,  f 


De  spise',  to  contemn. 
De  spis'  a  ble,  t 
La  ment',  to  mourn. 
Lam'  ent  a  ble,* 
He  fute',  to  prove  false 
Re  fut'  a  ble,  f 
Cen'  sure,  to  blame. 
Cen'  SUR  a  ble,  t 
€red'  it,  to  believe. 
€red'  it  a  ble,  * 
Pun'  ish,  to  chastise. 
Pun'  ish  a  ble. 


TABLE  XI. 
The  Suffixes  Ic,  Al,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ic,  al  or  ical,  AC,  ary,  axe,  ine,  or  ile  implies  pertaining 
to;  belonging  to;  relating  to ;  consisting  of;  like.  Tic  implies  the  same  as 
ic.  When  al  converts  a  verb  into  a  noun,  it  implies  the  act  of. 
Ary  sometimes  implies  the  art  of;  one  who;  the  place  where.  Ile 
sometimes  implies  easily.  The  primitives  are  nouns  or  adjectives.  The 
derivatives  are  the  same. 


Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  al'  ge  bra,  universal  arithmetic.     1.  el'  e  gy,  a  plaintive  poem. 

2.  Al  ge  bra'  i€,  like,  or  pertaining    2.  E  le'  gi  A€,  %  belonging  f  j 

to  algebra.  [algebra.  elegy- 

3.  Al  ge  bra'  i€  al,  pertaining  to    1.  Due' t ile,  easily  led  or  drawn. 

Spell  and  Define. 


an'  gel,  a  celestial  spirit. 
An  gel'k1,*  An  gel'      ai,  * 
He'  ro,  a  brave  man. 
He  ro'  ie,       He  ro'  i-g  al, 
Dra'  ma,  a  tragedy  or  comedy. 
Dra  mat'  i-e,    Dra  mat'  i-e  al, 
Proph'  et46,  one  who  foretells. 
Pro  phet'  i*e,  Pro  pheV  i-e  al, 


Par'  ent,  a  father  or  mother. 
Pa  rent'  al,  *  Pa  rent'  al  ly,* 
Po'  et,  one  who  writes  poetry. 
Po  et'  i-e,  *      Po  et'  i€  al,  * 
al'  pha  bet46,  letters  of  a  language. 
Al  pha  bet'  ie,  Al  pha  bet'  i€  al, 
Met'  a  phor46,  a  short  similitude. 
Met  a  phor'j^,  Met  a  tuor'i€  al, 


*  Rule  6,  page  119.  t  Rule  1,  page  117. 


t  Rule  3,  page  117 


130  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


De  p6s'  it,  thing  intrusted.  Hyp'  o  crite,  sl  dissembler. 

De  pos'  i  ta  by*  one  to  whom,  frc.  Hypocrit'z  €AL,i  like  a,  hypocrite. 
Plan'  et,  a  celestial  body.  Hu  mane',  pertaining  to  humanity. 

Plan'  et  a  by,  pertaining  to  planets.  Ser'  pen  tine,  winding  like  a  ser- 
In  firm',  the  sick  and  feeble.  [&c,  In'  fant,  a  new-born  child,  [pent. 
In  firm'  a  by,  place  where  the  sick,  In'  fant  ile,  pertaining  to  infants. 


TABLE  XII. 

The  Suffixes  Ion,  Ment,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ion,  ment,  tjre,  or  ture  implies  the  act  of;  the  state  of,  or  the 
I  state  of  being;  that  which;  the  result  of  Sion,  tion,  or  ition  implies 
,  the  same  as  ion.    The  primitives  are  verbs;  the  derivatives,  nouns. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Dis  perse',  to  scatter.  1.  En  tIce',  to  incite  to  evil. 

2.  Dis  per'  sion^X  the  act  of  scat-    2.  En  tice'  ment,  %  the  act  or  re- 

tiring, or  the  state  of  being  suit   of  enticing ;    or  that 

scattered,  or  separated.  which  entices. 

Spell  and  Define. 

As  sert',  to  affirm.      In  struct',  to  teach. 

As  ser'  tion,19  In  struc'  tion?9 

j  A  base,  to  humble.      Pre  vent',  to  hinder. 

A  base'j£eatt,J  [guilty.  Pre  ven'  tion, 
|  €on  vict',  to   prove  Pro  tect',  to  defend, 
j  €on  vie'  tion,  Pro  tec'  tion, 

j  Di  rest',  to  guide.      Re  strict',  to  limit. 
[  Di  reV  tion,  Re  strig  tion, 

|  Ex  cept',  to  leave  out.  Re  vise',  to  review, 
i  Ex  cep'  tion,  Re  vis'  ion,92  f 

j  Ex  pose',  to  lay  open.  Fix,  to  set  firmly, 
j  Ex  pos'  ube,S9  f         Fixr'  ube*° 
I  Fail,  to  miss;  to  fall  Di  vert',  to  turn  aside.  De  part',  to  go  away. 
I  Fail'  ube*°     [short.  Diver'  szon,78§  [fense.  De  part'  ube,*0 
j  Please,  to  delight.      For'  feit,  to  lose  by  of-  €om  pose',  to  calm. 
I  Pleas'  ube,S9  t  For'  feit  ube,*0         -Com  pos'  ube,*9 

I     *  Rule  6,  p.  119.        t  Rule  1.  p.  117.        f  Rule  2,  p.  117.  §  Rule  9,  p.  119. 


Al  lure',  to  entice. 
Al  lure'  ment,\  [ward. 
Ad  vance',  to  go  for- 
Ad  vance'  ment,  % 
€on  ge4l',  to  freeze. 
■Con  geal'  ment, 
Ex  cite',  to  rouse. 
Ex  cite'  ment,  % 
In  fringe',  to  violate. 
In  fringe'  ment,  X 
Dis  sent',  to  disagree. 
Dis  sen'  sion,18  § 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFLNER.  131 


TABLE  XIII. 

The  Suffixes  Ize  and  Ise,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ize  or  ise  usually  implies  to  make,  or  to  become.  Ation  implies 
the  same  as  ion  in  the  preceding  table.  The  primitives  are  nouns, 
adjectives,  or  verbs.  The  derivatives  formed  by  the  addition  of  ize 
or  ise  are  verbs;  those  ending  in  ation  are  nouns.  For  other  ter- 
minations, see  preceding  tables. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Le'  gal,  lawful.  2.  Le'  gal  ize*  to  make  legal  or  lawful. 

3.  Le'  gal  ly,  in  a  legal  manner. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Bru'  tal,  cruel ;  inhuman.  M6d'  ern,  of  recent  date. 

Bru'  tal  ize,  *  Bru'  tal  ly,  Mod'  ern  ize,  Mod'  ern  iz  M,t 

e'  qual,62  like  another.  Reu'  tral,  not  of  either  party. 

e'  qual  he,  *  e'  qual  iz.ez>,  t  Keu'tral  ize,  *  Keu'  tral  iz  eb,\ 

E  QUAL  I  za'  TI02V,79t  N^U  TRAL  I  ZAf  TION,  f 

Fer' til£,  fruitful;  producing.  Pa'  gan,  an  idolater;  a  heathen. 
Fer'  til  i*e,  t  Fer'  til  iz  eh,  t  Pa'  gan  ize,  *  Pa'  gan  ized,  t 
Pul'  ver  ize,  to  make  fine.  Civ'  il,  well-bred  ;  polite. 

Pul'  ver  ized,  t  Civ'  il  ize*  Civ  il  i  za'  r/oiv,79! 

Pul'  ver  in  eh,  t  -Grit'  i€,  a  severe  judge. 

Pul  ver  i  za'  tion,  t  Crit'  i  cue,  -Grit'  i  cised.  t 


TABLE  XIV. 
,  The  Suffixes  Fy,  Ify,  and  Ing,  Defined  and  Exemplified.  I 

Fy  or  ify  implies  to  make,  or  to  become;  and  ing,  as  the  termina- 
tion of  a  participle,  implies  continuing  to.  Cation  implies  the  same 
|  as  ion  in  Table  XII. 

The'  primitives  are  adjectives  or  verbs.  The  derivatives  ending  in 
fy  or  ify  are  verbs  ;  those  ending  in  ing  are  present  participles ;  and 
those  ending  in  cation  are  nouns. 

*  Rule  6,  page  119.  t  Rule  1,  page  117. 


132  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Rare,  thin ;  not  dense;  scarce.     1.  -Glar'  i  ft,  to  make  clear. 

2.  Rar'  e  fy,  to  make  or  become  -2. -Glar'  i  fy  ing,*   making  or 

thin  and  porous.  continuing  to  make  clear. 

3.  Rar'  e  fy  ing,  *  continuing  to    3.  -Glar  i  fi  -ca1  tion,  t  the  act  of 

make  thin  and  porous.  making  pure,  or  clear. 

Spell  and  Define. 


Glo'  ry,  to  exult ;  to  rejoice. 

Glo'  ri  fy,  f 

Glo'  ri  fy  jng,  * 

In  tens.e',  very  severe. 

In  ten'  si  ft,  % 

In  tEn'  si  fy  ing,  * 

S6l'  id,  compact ;  hard. 

So  l!d'  i  FY,  § 

SO  LID'  I  FY  ING,  * 

Galas'  si  fy,  to  form  into  classes. 
GJlas  si  fied,  t 
Galas'  si  fy  ing,  * 
€las  si  fi  ^a'  tion,™  t 
Fals'  i  .fy,  to  make  false. 

FaLS'  I  FY  ING,  * 
FAL  SI  FI  -6A1  TION,  f 

Spec'  i  fy,  to  particularize. 
Spec'  i  fy  ing,  * 
Spec  i  fi  -ex'  rro.y,  t 


SIm'  pli  fy,  to  make  plain. 
SIm'  pli  fy  ing,  * 
Sim  pli  fi  €a'  tion,19  t 
Ver'  i  fy,  to  prove  to  be  true. 

VER'  I  FY  ING,  * 

Ver  i  fi  -ga'  tion,  t 

Rat7  i  fy,  to  confirm;  to  sanction. 

Rat'  i  fy  ing,  * 

Rat  i  fi  €a'  tion,  f 

Stu'  pe  ft,  to  make  stupid  or  dull. 

stu'  pe  fy  ing,  * 

Stu  pe  fa€'  tion,  \\ 

Stu  pe  yav1  tive,  || 

Tu'  me  fy,  to  swell;  to  puff  up. 

Tu'  ME  FY  ING,  * 
TU  ME  FA€f  TION,  \\ 

£d'  i  fy,  to  instruct;  to  build  up.. 

ED'  I  FY  ING,  * 
ED  I  FI  €Af  TION.  f 


TABLE  XV. 

The  Suffixes  Ance,  Ancy,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ance,  ancy,  ence,  or  ency  implies  the  act  of;  the  state  of,  or 
the  state  of  being  ;  that  which.  Ant  or  ent  implies  the  person  who,  or 
that  which,  when  the  word  is  a  noun ;  but,  when  it  is  an  adjective,  the 
defining  word  ends  in  ing. 

The  primitives  are  verbs.  The  derivatives,  ending  in  ance,  ancy, 
ence,  or  ency,  are  nouns;  those  ending  in  ant  or  ent  are  nouns  or  ad- 
jectives. 

*  Ek.  2,  Rule  3,  page  118.  f  Rule  3,  page  117.  t  Rule  1,  page  117. 

§  Rule  6,  page  119.  ||  Note,  Rule  4,  page  118. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


133 


Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  An  noy',  to  trouble;  to  vex.       1.  De  spond',  to  be  dejected. 

2.  An  noy'  ance,  *  that  which  an-    2.  De  spond'  en  cy,  f  the  state  of 

noys ;  the  act  of  annoying  ;  or  being  dejected,  or  without 

the  state  of  being  annoyed.  hope  or  courage. 

1.  De  fend',  to  protect ;  to  guard.  1.  Ad  here',  to  stick  close. 

2.  De  fend'  ant,  t  the  person  who  2.  Ad  her'  ent,  \    adhering  or 

defends  or  protects.  slicking. 

Spell  and  Define. 

i  Al  low',  to  grant.       Im  pend',  to  hang  over.  De  pend',  to  hang  from. 
Al  low'  ance,  [to  see.  Im  pend'  ence,  f    [of.  De  pend'  en  cy,  t 
€)on  nive',  to  forbear  E  m£rg£',  to  rise  out  Dis  pute',  to  argue. 
€on  niv'  ance,\  [vent.  E  mer'  gen  cy,  I         Dis'  pu  tant,  \ 
■Con  TRiVE,toplanorin-  Ab  sorb',  to  suck  up.  Dis  sdLV-E',  to  melt 
Con  inly'  ance,  J        Ab  sorb' .eat,  t  Dis  s5lv'  ent,  J 

Ex  peut',  to  look  for.  -Con  cur',  to  agree.  Pre  cede',  to  go  before. 
Ex  pect'  an  cy,  f       -Con  cvjr'  bent,  §        Pre  ced'  ent.  | 

TABLE  XVI. 

The  Suffixes  Ive  and  Ory,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ive  implies  tending  to;  having  the  power  or  quality  of    Ory  implies 
having  the  power  or  quality  of;  tending  to;  containing  ;  the  place  where. 
I  Ative  implies  the  same  as  ive;  and  atory,  the  same  as  ory. 

The  primitives  are  verbs  or  nouns.  The  derivatives  ending  in  ive 
I  are  adjectives ;  those  ending  in  ory  are  nouns  or  adjectives. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Re  store',  to  heal  or  cure.  1.  Man'  date,  a  formal  order. 

2.  Re  stor'  a  tive,  J  tending  or    2.  Man'  da  to  by,  t  containing  a 

having  the  power  to  cure.  command.      [storing  things. 


1.  Re  pos'  it,  to  store  things. 

2.  Re  pos'  i  to  by,  t  a  place  for 

Spell 

and  Define. 

\  A  muse,'  to  entertain.  Dif  fuse',  to  spread.  Of  fense',  moderate 
A  mc'  si  ve,  t              Dif  fu'  sive,  X           Of  fen'  sive,  |  [anger. 

*  Rule  4,  page  118. 
{  Rule  1,  page  117. 

f  Rule  6,  page  119. 
§  Rule  5,  page  118. 

134  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Cre  ate',  to  make.  Ex  pans.e',  a  wide  ex-  Pre  vent',  to  hinder. 
€re  a'  tive,  *  Ex  pan'  sive*   [tent.  Pre  vent'  ive,  t 

€om  mend',  to  praise.  Pla ud'  it,  applause.    Ob  serve',  to  notice. 
€om  mend'  a  to  by,~\  Pla^d'  it  o  by  j         Ob  serv'  a  to  by,  * 
Dis  pense',  to  deal  out.  Ex  €Ul'  pate,  to  clear.  Pro  hib'  it,  to  forbid. 
Dis  pen'  sa  to  my,  *    Ex  uul'  pa  to  by,  *    Pro  u!b'  it  o  by.  t 


TABLE  XVII. 

The  Suffixes  Ity,  Cy,  &c,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Itt,  cy,  ude,  tude,  or  itude  implies  a  state  of  being;  or  the 
quality  or  capacity  of.  Ty,  ety,  or  iety  implies  the  same.  The 
primitives  are  adjectives  or  verbs.     The  derivatives  are  nouns. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Pu'  trid,  corrupt ;  rotten.  1.  6b'  du  rate,  hard  of  heart. 

2.  Pu  trid'  i  ty,  t   the  state  of   2.  6b'  du  ra  cy,  J   the  state  of 

being  putrid  or  rotten.  being  hard  of  heart. 

Spell  and  Define. 

€6n'  «ave,  hollowing.  H6s'  tike,  opposed  to.  Del'  i  -gate,  nice  ;  ten 

€on  €av'  i  rr,  *  Hos  til'  i  ty,  *          Del'  i  ca  cy,  *  [der. 

£J6n'  vex,  rounding.  Serv'  ike,  slavish.       In'  tri  -gate,  complicat- 

"Con  vex'  i  ty,  Ser  vil'j  rr,*          in'  tri  ca  cy,  t  [ed 

Serve,  to  work  for.  Se  cure',  safe.            Va'  ry,  to  alter  in  form 

Serv  i  tude,  *  Se  cu'  ri  ty,  *            Va  ri'  e  ty,  ||  [&c 

Safe,  free  from  harm.  Loy'al,  faithful  to  law.  Sate,  to  fill  to  the  ut- 

Safe'  ty,  §  Loy'  al  ty,                Sa  ti'  e  ty.*  [most, 


TABLE  XVIII. 
The  Suffix  Ous,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ous  implies  containing,  or  partaking  of;  having,  or  consisting  of; 
full  of;  belonging  to.  Eous,  ious,  ceous,  cious,  or  tious  implies  the 
same.  The  primitives  are  nouns.  The  derivatives  ending  in  ous  are 
adjectives;  those  ending  in  ly  are  adverbs;  and  those  ending  in  ness 
are  nouns. 

*  Rule  1,  page  117.  f  Rule  6,  page  119.  {  Rule  10,  page  120. 

§  Rule  2,  page  117.  II  Rule  3,  page  117, 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  135 


Maimer  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

I.  Dan'  ger,  exposure  to  injury    2.  Dan'  ger  ous,  *  full   of  or 
or  evil ;  peril ;  risk.  partaking  of  danger. 

3.  Dan'  ger  ous  if,  in  a  dangerous  manner. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Fu'  ry,  madness;  rage.  -Go'  pi  ous,  abundant;  plentiful. 

Fu7  ri  ous,  f      Fit'ri  ous  ly,      -Go1  pi  ous  ly,  Go'  pi  ous  ness, 
Hu'  mor,  merriment ;  wit  Tim'  or  ous,  fearful  of  danger. 

HO'  MOR  OUS,  *  Hur  MOR  OUS  LY,    TlM'OROUSiF,  TlM'  OR  OUS  NESS, 

Ran'  -eoR,  deep-seated  hatred.  Ven'  om,  poison;  spite;  hate. 

Ran'  cor  ous,  *  Ran'  cor  ous  ly,  Ven'  om  ous*  Ven'  om  ous  ness, 

Ru'  in,  destruction.  Mar'  vel,  a  wonder  ;  a  prodigy. 

Ru'  in  ous,  *     Ru'  in  ous  ly%  Mar'vel  ous*  Mar'vel  ous  ness, 


TABLE  XIX. 
The  Suffixes  Ability,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ability,  ibility,  ableness,  or  ibleness  implies  the  quality, 
state,  or  capacity  capable  of  being ;  and  sometimes  fit  to  be ;  or 
worthy  of  being.  The  primitives  are  verbs  or  nouns.  The  derivatives 
are  nouns  or  adjectives. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  -Gom  press',  to  press  together.    1.  Ac  count',  to  give  a  reason  for. 

2.  €om  press'  i  ble,  %  capable  of  2.  Ac  count'  a  ble,  *    liable  to  I 

being  compressed.  give  account. 

3.  Gom  press  i  bil'  i  ty,  \  quality    3.  Ac  count  a  bil'  i  ty*  the  state 

of  being  compressible.  of  being  accountable. 

I  1.  Gom  mend',  to  speak  in  favor    2.  Gom  mend'  able  ness*  worthy 
of ;  to  praise.  of  being  commended. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Ad  mire',   to  regard  with  esteem.       Change,  to  alter;  to  vary. 
Ad  mi  ra  bil'  i  ty,  §  Change'  a  ble,  \\ 

ad'  mi  ra  ble  ness,  §  Change  a  bil'  i  ty,  \\ 

*  Rule  6,  page  119.  t  Rale  3,  page  117.  f  Rule  13,  page  120. 

§  Rule  1,  page  117.  ||  Ex.  Rule  1,  page  117. 


136  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


€or  rupt',  to  cause  to  decay. 

€0R  RUPT'  I  BLE,  * 
€OR  RUPT'  I  BIL1  I  TY,  * 

Ac  cess',  admission. 

Ac  CESS'  I  BLE,  f 

Ac  CESS  I  BIL1  I  TY,  f 


Gon  tempt',  act  of  despising. 

€0N  TEMPT'  /  BLE  NESS,  * 

De  sire',  to  wish  for. 

DE  SIR'  A  BLE  NESS,  t 

Prac'  tice,  to  do  ;  to  use. 

PRAC  TI  €A  BIL1  I  TY.  § 


TABLE  XX. 

The  Suffixes  Dom,  Hood,  &c,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Dom,  hood,  Ric,  CY,  or  ship  implies  jurisdiction;  state;  officer- 
rank  ;  skill.  Age  implies  the  state  of;  the  act  of;  cost  of;  place  of; 
or  collectively.  Ism  implies  the  doctrines  or  principles  of;  the  practice 
of;  state  or  condition  of;  peculiar  to.  Ics  implies  the  art  or  science  of. 
Fic  or  ific  implies  causing  or  producing. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Duke,  the  highest  order  of  no-     1.  Vas'  sal,  a  slave;  a  bond- 

bility.  [a  duke.  man.  [slavery. 

2.  Duke'  dom,  \\  the  jurisdiction  of     2.  Vas'  sal  age,  *  the  state  of 

Spell  and  Define. 
Pope,    the   bishop  of  Gl£rk,  a  hired  writer.  Hea'  then,  a  pagan. 
Pope'  dom,  ||     [Rome.  -Clerk' sii/p,    [casks.  Hea'  then  i$m,  * 
Girl,  a  female  child.    Goop'  er,  a  maker  of  Pyr  o  tech'  xi-es,  the 
Girl' hood,  -Goop'  er  age,  *  art  of  making fire-works. 

Bish'  op,   a  spiritual  anch'  or,  to  cast  anch-  Ter'  ror,  extreme  fear. 
Bisn'  op  Ri€,  [overseer,  an'  chor  age*     [or.  Ter  hif'  ie, 
ad'  ju  tant,  a  military  Port'  er,  a  carrier.      -Gx  lor'  ic,  agent  of 
ad'  ju  tan  cY,*h  [officer.  Port'  er  age,  *  -Gal  o  tlijf1  i€.  [heat. 

TABLE  XXI. 

The  Suffixes  Ate,  Ear,  &c,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ate,  when  the  termination  of  a  verb,  or  when  it  changes  a  noun 
into  a  verb,  often  implies  to  make,  or  to  cause  to  be;  and  in  all  cases 
the  particle  to  precedes  the  defining  word.    But,  when  it  is  the  suffix 
i  of  a  noun,  it  implies  one  who.     Ery  or  ry  implies  the  art  or  practice  j 

*  Rule  6,  p.  119.  f  Rule  13,  p.  120.  J  Rule  1,  p.  117. 

§  Note,  Rule  1,  p.  117.  ||  Rule  2,  p.  117.  IT  Rule  10,  p.  120, 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  137 


of;  the  place  where;  and  sometimes  a  body  of,  or  collection.  Oid  im- 
plies Jiaving  the  form  of;  resembling.  Some  implies  somewhat ;  causing ; 
tending  to.    Ward  implies  toward;  direction. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  €on  dens.e',  to  press  together.    1.  Thjeve,  to  steal.  [stealing. 

2.  Con  den'  sate,  *  to  make  dense.    2.  Thiev'  er  y,  *  the  practice  of 

Spell  and  Define. 

Do  mes'  Ti€,  tame.  GCn,  a  kind  of  fire- -C5r'al,  marine  produc- 
l  Do  mes'  ti  €ate,         G0n'  her  r,  t    [arms.  €5r'  al  loid,  |  [tion. 

O  blige',  to  compel.     Brew,27  to  make  beer.  W£a'  ry,  tired, 
j  6b'  li  gate,  *  Brew'  er  y,  Wea'  ri  some,  § 

I  or'  i  gin,  beginning.     Bake,   to   harden  by  €JCm'  ber,  to  overload. 

O  rig'  i  hate,  Bak'  er  y,  *       [fire.  €um'  ber  some, 

«  -Gol'leg^,  literaryinsti-  Her'  ald,  a  proclaim-  Heav'  £N,  place  of  the 

€ol  le'  gi  ate,  [tution.  Her'  ald  ry,        [er.  Heav'^n  ward.  [holy. 


TABLE  XXII. 

The  Suffixes  Ess,  Ine,  &c,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ess,  ine,  ix,  ress,  or  stress  implies  a  female.  Cle,  icle,  et 
or  let,  kin,  ling,  ock,  ULE  or  cule  implies  little;  small ;  or  young. 
Er,  when  it  forms  the  comparative  degree  of  an  adjective,  implies 
more.  Est  implies  most.  Esce  implies  to  grow,  or  to  become,  Escent 
implies  tending  to,  or  becoming.  Escence  implies  the  act  of  or  the 
state  of  becoming. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Proph'  et,46  a  foreteller  of  events.    1.  Drop,  a  globule  of  any  fluid. 

2.  Proph' et  ess,  a  female  prophet.       2.  Drop'  let,  a  little  drop. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Hejr,  he  who  inherits.  Part,  a  portion.  Sphere,46  a  globe. 

UkivJ  ess,  II  Par'  ti  -cle,  Spher'  ule,  * 

He'  ro,  a  brave  man.  Flow'er,  a  blossom,  an'  i  mal,  living  being. 

Her'  o  ine,  Flow'  er  et,  An  i  mal'  -cule, 

*  Rule  1,  page  117.  t  Rule  5,  page  118.  {  Ex.  1,  Rule  6,  page  119. 

§  Rule  3,  page  117.  H  Rule  6,  page  119. 


138  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Ex  ec'  u  tor,40  he  who  Brook,  a  small  stream.  "Bright,  shining, 
settles  an  estate.  Brook'  let,  Bright'  er,  [touch. 

Ex  ec'  u  trjx,40  *  Lamb,  a  young  sheep.  RotJGR,45  harsh  to  the 
HtjNT'  er,    one   who  Lamb'  kin,  Rough1  est,  [united. 

Hunt'  ress,  *  [hunts.  Duck,  a  wateu-fowl.  <2o  a  lesce',  te  become 
Song' ster,  a  singer.  Duck'  ling,  -Go  a les'cence,  [better. 

Sosq'  stress,  [tumor.  Hill,  small  elevation  <3©n  va  lesce',  to  grow 
Tu'  ber  €le,  a  small  Hill'  &ck,     [of  land.  €on  va  les'  cent,  t 


SECTION  III. 

THE  PREFIXES  DEFINED  AND  EXEMPLIFIED. 

A  prefix  is  a  letter,  syllable,  or  word  put  to  the  beginning 
of  a  root  or  primitive  word,  usually  to  vary  its  signification ;  as, 
un  in  un  kind',  dis  in  dis  a'  h\e. 

For  an  explanation  of  the  suffixes  used  in  the  following  tables, 
see  the  tables  under  the  preceding  section. 

TABLE  XXIII. 

The  Prefixes  Un  and  Non,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Un,  when  prefixed  to  adjectives,  participles,  or  adverbs,  implies 
not ;  but,  when  prefixed  to  verbs,  it  implies  to  undo  what  has  been 
done.  Non  implies  not ;  neglect ;  refusal.  The  primitives  are  verbs 
or  nouns.    The  derivatives  are  verbs,  nouns,  participles,  or  adjectives. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  aid,  to  help;  to  assist.      [sists.  1.  Mold,  to  model;  to  shape. 

2.  aid'  er,  \  one  who  helps  or  as-  2.  Mold'  ed,  X  was  modeled. 

3.  aid'  ed,  was  helped,  or  did  help.  3.  Un  mold',  to  destroy  the  mold. 

4.  Un  aid'  ed,   was  not  aided.  4.  Un  mold'  ed,  was  not  molded. 

Spell  and  Define. 

ask,  to  petition.  Soil,  to  dirty.  L6ck,  to  make  fast. 

asked,82  Soiled,  J  Un  lock', 

;  Un  askjsd',82  Un  soiled',  X  Un  locked',82 

*  Rule  7,  page  118.  t  Rule  1,  page  117.  \  Rule  6,  page  119. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  139 


Bleach,  to  whitea. 
Bleach'  eb, 
bleached,82 
Un  bleached',82 
Paf'  ment,  act  of  pay- 
Non  paf'  ment,  [ing 


Till,  to  cultivate. 

Till'  eb,* 

Tilled,  * 

Un  tilled',  * 

Ex  1st'  ence,  being. 

NON  EX  1ST'  ENC£, 


Vajl,  to  cover. 

V AILED, f 

Un  vail', 

Un  tailed',  t 

Gom  mit'  tal,  a  pledge. 

Non  COM  mit'  tal, 


*    TABLE  XXIV. 

The  Prefix  Mis,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Mis  implies  wrong ;  erroneous ;  or  ill  use.  The  primitives  are  de- 
fined as  verbs.    The  derivatives  are  verbs,  participles,  or  adjectives. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Rule,  to  govern  or  control.        3.  Mis  rule',  §  to  govern  wrong. 

2.  Ruled,  J   did  govern,  or  was    4.  Mis  ruled',  §  |    did  govern 

governed.  wrong,  &c. 

5.  £Ziv  ruled',  J  was  not  governed. 

Spell  and  Define. 
Gall,  to  name  ;  to  cry  out.  As  sign',  to  appropriate;  to  appoint. 

Galled,  *  Mis  call',  §  *  As  signed',!      Mis  as  sign',  § 

Mis  called',  §  *    Un  called',  *  Mis  as  signed',  §  f  CZzv  as  signed',! 
Gount,  to  number  ;  to  reckon.      Di  rect',  to  order  ;  to  regulate. 
•  Gount'  ed,  t         Mis  count',  §  Di  rect'  ed,  f   Mis  di  rect',  § 

Af/S  COUNT'  ED,§  f  CZzV  COUNT' JSD,f  MlSDI  RE€T'ED,§f  Un  DI  RE€T'eD;| 

!  Date,  to  note  the  time  of  an  event.  Em  ploy',  to  use  ;  to  keep  at  work. 
;  Dat'  ed,  %  Mis  date',  §     Em  ployed',  ||   Mis  em  ploy',§ 

!  Mis  dat'  ed,  §  \  Un  dat'  ed,  J  Mis  em  ployed ||  Un  em  ployed', 
Judge,  to  form  an  opinion.  Inform',  to  instruct;  to  apprise. 

Judged,!  Mis  judge',  §    Informed',       A/is  in  form',  § 

AT/<s  judged',  §  X  &N  judged',  X    Mis  in  formed Un  in  formed', 

TABLE  XXV. 

The  Prefixes  Pbe  and  Fobe,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Pre  or  fore  implies  before;  previous;  preceding;  beforehand.  The 
primitives  are  verbs.  The  derivatives,  having  a  prefix,  or  a  prefix 
with  a  suffix,  are  also  verbs,  participles,  or  adjectives;  but  those  end- 
ing in  ion  or  ure  are  nouns. 

*  Rule  13,  page  120.  f  Rule  6,  page  119.  J  Rule  1,  page  117. 

§  Ex.  Rule  14,  page  120.  H  Rule  4,  page  118. 


140 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1,  De  term'  inj57,  to  form  a  decis-    3.  Pre  de  term'  ine,  to  deter- 

ion  ;  to  resolve.  mine  beforehand. 

2.  De  term  in  a'  no.v,79*  the  act    4.  Pre  de  term  in  a*  tion*  act 

of  deciding;  or  the  state  of  of  determining  beforehand; 

being  decided.  or  a  previous  determination. 

Spell  and  Define. 

E  lect',  to  choose ;  to  select.         Med'  i  tate,  to  contemplate. 

E  lec'  tion,''9     Pre  e  lect',       Pre  med'  i  tate, 

Pre  e  LE€T'^i?,t  Pre  e  l£c'  tion,  Pre  med'  i  ta  ted* 

In  struct',  to  teach  ;  to  train  up.    Pre  med  i  ta'  tion,  * 

In  struc'  tion,  Pre  in  struct',  Ex  am'  ise,  to  search  into ;  to  try. 

Pre  in  struct'  ed^  Pre  ex  am'  ine, 

Pre  in  struc'  tiojv,  Pre  ex  am'  in  ed* 

Or  dajn',  to  determine.  Pre  ex  am  in  a1  tion* 

Fore  or  dain',  Fore  orda/ned',  Close,  to  shut;  to  finish. 

Fore  or  di  na'  tion,  Fore  close',  Fore  clos'  ure,sq  * 

TABLE  XXVI. 

The  Prefix  Re,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Be  implies  again ;  or  back.  The  primitives  are  verbs ;  and  the 
derivatives,  formed  by  means  of  the  prefix  re  without  a  suffix,  are  also 
verbs;  but  those  ending  in  ion  or  merit  are  nouns. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  -Commit',  to  intrust;  to  perpetrate.  1.  In  spect',  to  look  into  with  care  ; 

2.  Com  mIt'  ment,  the  act  of  com-  to  examine.  [ing  into. 

mining  or  intrusting.  2.  In  sp£c'  tion™  the  act  of  look- 

3.  Re  com  mpt',  to  commit  again.     3.  Re  in  spect',  to  inspect  again,  j 

4.  Re  com  mit'  ment,  the  act  of  4.  2?£iN  spec'  tiojv,  the  act  of  look-  \ 

committing  again.  ing  into  or  inspecting  again. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Ap  point',  to  fix  upon  ;  to  settle.    Im  pris' x>n,  to  put  in  a  prison. 
Ap  point'  ment,  Re  ap  point',    Im  pris'  on  ment,  Re  im  pris' on, 
Re  ap  point'  ment,  Re  im  pris'  on  ment, 

*  Rule  1,  page  117.  t  Rule  6,  page  119. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  141 


En  list',  to  engage  in  a  cause.       Es  tab'  lish,  to  settle  firmly. 

En  list7  ment,  Re  en  list',        Re  es  tab'  lish, 

Re  en  list'  ment,  Re  es  tab'  lish  ment,  [ly. 

En  act7,  to  make  or  pass,  as  a  law.  Con'  se  crate,  to  dedicate  solemn- 

En  act'  ment,    Re  en  act',        Re  c6n'  se  crate, 

Re  en  act'  ment,  Re  con  se  €Ra!tion,  f 

In  stall',  to  induct  into  an  office,  it'  er  ate,  to  utter  a  second  time. 

In  stal  la't/Oxv,79*  Re  in  stall',*  It  er  a'  tjo^,  t   Re  it'  er  ate, 

Re  in  stal  la'  tion,*  Re  it  er  a'  Tmy,t 


TABLE  XXVII. 

The  Prefixes  E  and  Ex,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

E  or  ex,  sometimes  written  EC  or  ef,  implies  out;  out  of ;  from ;  or 
beyond.  The  primitives,  as  here  given,  are  all  verbs,  except  the  noun, 
egress,  and  the  adjectives,  extinct  and  eccentric.  The  derivatives  end- 
ing in  ion,  ure,  ence,  or  ity  are  nouns. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  E  duce',  to  draw  out ;  to  elicit.    1.  Ex  6x'  er  ate,  to  free  from 

2.  E  duc'  noN,  t  the  act  of  draw-  blame.  [freeingyVcwi  blame. 

ing  out  or  eliciting.  2.  Ex  ox  er  a'  tio^v,  f  the  act  of 

Spell  and  Define. 


E  ject',  to  cast  out. 

E  JEC  TION-,79  } 

E  rase',  to  rub  out. 

E  RAS'  URE,^  t 

E'  gress,  a  going  out. 
E  gr£s'  sion,80* 
E  volve',  to  roll  out. 
Ev  o  lit'  tion,  $ 


Er  fuse',  to  pour  out.  Ex  tract',  to  draw  out. 
Ef  fc'  sion?1  t  Ex  traV  tion,~9  { 

Ex  empt',  to  free  from.  Extinct',  put  out;  dead. 

EX  EMP'  T ION, 79  X  [out.  Ex  TINC'  HON,  \  [out. 

Ex  haust',  to  drain  Ex  tir'  pate,  to  root 
Ex  hacks'  Tioiv,39  X  Ex  Tin  pa'  tjon-,!  [ter. 
£>FCLG.E',tosend  forth  E-e  Cen'tric,  out  of  ceu- 
Effvl' genceJ  [light.  Ee  cen  tric'  i  ty,  X 


TABLE  XXVIII. 

The  Prefix  In,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

In,  sometimes  written  ig,  il,  im,  or  ir,  implies  not,  when  prefixed 
to  adjectives  or  adverbs;  but,  when  prefixed  to  verbs  or  words  derived 
!  from  yerbs,  it  implies  in  or  into ;  on  or  upon. 

*  Rule  13,  p.  120.       t  Rule  1,  p.  117.        \  Rule  6,  p.  119.        §  Rule  12,  p.  120. 


142 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


The  primitives  are  adjectives  or  verbs.  The  derivatives  ending  in  j 
ity,  ion,  or  ness  are  nouns ;  and  those  ending  in  ly  are  adverbs. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words, 

1.  Prop'  er,  fit  or  suitable.     [er.  1.  Snare,  to  entrap;  to  eDtangle. 

|  2.  Im  prop'  er,  not  fit,  or  not  prop-  2.  In  snare',  to  catch  in  a  snare.  ! 

1.  Se  cure',  free  from  danger.  1.  S:en'  si  bl£,  perceptible. 

2.  Se  cu'  ri  tf,  *  state  of  safety.  2.  In  sen'  si  ble,  not  perceptible. 

3.  In  se  cure',  not  safe.         [safe.  3.  In  sen'  si  bly,  t  in  a  manner  j 

4.  Ziv  se  cu'  rz  tf,*  in  a  state  not  not  perceptible. 

Spell  and  Define, 

Lit'  er  ate,  learned  ;  instructed.   Ra/  tion  al,71  pertaining  to  reason. 
1l  lit'  er  ate,  Lit'  er  a  by,  J     Ri'  t/6n  al  ly,  Im  ra'  t/on  al, 
Res'  o  lute,  firm ;  determined.      Ir  ra  tion  al'  j  rr,  || 
Res'  o  lute  zf,§  Zr  res'  o  lute.  Qau'  t/ous,71  extremely  careful. 
Mor'  tal,  subject  to  death.  ^Au'  tzous  ly,  -Gact'  tjous  .zv.ess,  j 

Mor'  tal  ly,  Mor  tal'  j  ty,\\     In  exu'  tious,  In  cap7  t/ous  zf, 
Im  mor'  tal,   Zitf  mor  tal'  j  tf,||  De  co'  rous,  decent ;  becoming. 
act'  iye,  nimble ;  quick.  In  de  co'  rous,  Zzv  de  co'  rous  ly, 

act'  iye  ly,  §   Ac  tiv'  i  ty,  *      No'  bljj,  of  great  worth  ;  exalted. 
In  act'  iye,    In  ac  tiv'  j  tf,  *  No'  blf,  f         No  bil'  j  tf,  f 
Lib'  er  al,  generous  ;  ample.        Ig  no'  bue,       Ig  no'  bly,  t 
Lib'  er  al  ly,  Lib  er  al'  j  tf,  ||  Ml'  grate,  to  remove. 

IL  LIB'  ER  AL,  II  LIB  ER  AL'  I  TY,\\  Z.T/7  Ml  GRATE,  Zilf  Ml  GRA'  T70JV,  *  i 


TABLE  XXIX. 
The  Prefix  Dis,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Dis,  sometimes  written  di  or  dif,  implies  separation;  denial  or 
not ;  off;  depriving  of;  want  of;  out  of;  and  sometimes  to  undo  what 
has  been  done.    Y  here  implies  the  state  of  being. 

The  primitives  are  verbs  or  adjectives.  The  derivatives  ending  in 
ed,  est,  or  ing  are  verbs,  participles,  or  adjectives ;  those  ending  in  ion, 
ment,  er,  or  y  are  nouns  or  verbs;  those  ending  in  ly  are  adverbs. 

*  Rule  1,  page  117.  t  Rule  8,  page  119.  %  Rule  10'  PaSe  120« 

§  Rule  2,  page  117.  ||  Rule  6,  page  119. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


143 


Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Join,  to  unite;  to  connect.        1.  O  blige',  to  compel ;  to  gratify. 

2.  Dis  join',  to  separate  or  sever.      2.  Ob  li  ga'  tionJ  the  state  of  being 

3.  Dis  joined' *  was  separated,  &c.  compelled.  [gratify. 

4.  Re  join',  to  join  or  unite  again.  3.  Dis  o  blige',  not  to  oblige  or 

5.  Be  joined'*  was  joined  or  unit-  4.  Dis  o  blig'  ing  ly,  t  in  a  di^o- 

ed  again  ;  reconnected.  bliging  manner. 

Spell  and  Define. 

€lo$e,  to  shut  an  opening.  Ap  pear',  to  be  in  sight ;  to  seem. 

Dis  close',  Dis  closed',  t  Dis  ap  fear',  Disappeared',* 
j  Re  close',       Re  closed',!        Re  ap  pear',    Re  ap  peaked',  * 

Mount,  to  ascend  ;  to  rise.  Em  bark',  to  go  on  board  a  ship, 

j  Dis  mou'Nt',     Dis  mount'  ed,  *  Dis  em  bark',  Dis  em  barked'/'2 
|  Re  mount',      Re  mount'  ed,*    Re  em  bark',  Re  em  barked',82 
I  In  ter',  to  bury  in  the  earth.  or'  gan  ize,  to  form  properly, 

i  Dis  in  ter',  Dis  in  termed',  J  or'  gan  ized,  f  Dis  or'  gan  ize, 
j  Re  in  t£r',     Re  in  termed',  X   Dis  or'  gan  iz  er1  t 

A  gree',  to  be  of  one  mind.  Re  or'  gan  ize,  Re  or'  gan  izED,t 
;  Dis  a  gree',  §  Dis  a  greed',  ||     Like,  to  be  pleased  with. 

Dis  a  gree'  ing,9^  Dis  like',       Dis  liked',82  t 

Dis  a  gree'  ment,  §  use,40  to  employ  ;  to  consume. 

Be  lieve',  to  trust  in  ;  to  credit.     Dis  use',         Dis  used',  t 

Dis  be  l/eve',  Dis  be  lieved',  f  //on'  est,  free  from  all  fraud. 
;  Dis  be  ljev'  jjvg,  f  Hon'  est  f,  *    i/oN'  est  xf, 

I  Z)/s  be  ljev'  E/e,t  //on'  est,  Dis  jton'  est  f,* 

!  0  bey',  to  comply  with  commands.  Robe,  to  put  on  a  robe  ;  to  dress. 
;  Dis  o  bey',    Dis  o  bey  ed',  *  *    Dis  robe',       Dis  robed,  t 

TABLE  XXX. 
The  Prefix  Con,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Con,  frequently  written  co,  cos,  col,  com,  or  cor,  implies  with 
or  together  ;  joined  with  ;  in  connection  with  ;  agreement.  Syn,  sometimes 
written  sym  or  syl,  implies  the  same.  The  primitives  are  nouns,  ad- 
jectives, or  verbs.  The  derivatives,  formed  by  a  prefix  alone,  are 
nouns  or  verbs.;  those  ending  in  ence,  er,  ion,  ity,  or,  or  ship  are  nouns; 
and  those  ending  in  ble  are  adjectives. 

i 

*  Rule  6,  p.  119.       tRulel,  p.  117.  J  Rule  5,  p.  118.        §  Rule  13,  page  120. 

II  Note,  Rule  I,  p.  117.      TT  Ex.  Rule  1,  page  117.  *  *  Rule  4,  page  118. 


14A 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Densi;,  close;  compact,    [ness.  1.  Heir,  he  who  inherits  by  law. 

2.  DEn'  si  tv,  *  the  state  of  close-  2.  Heir'  ess,  f  a  female  heir. 

3.  -6W  dens.e',  to  force  together.      3.  Heir1  ship,  the  state  of  an  heir. 

j  4.  -6W  dens'  er,  *  <Aa£  w/«cA  con-  4.  Coheir',  an  heirwzl/t  another,  or 
denses.  [condensing.  a  joint-heir.  [heir, 

b.  -6biv  den  sa'  tion?9*  the  act  of  5.  So  heir'  ship,  the  state  of  a  joint- 

Spell  and  Define. 
!  Re'  gent,  one  in  place  of  a  king.   Lo'  €ate,  to  place;  to  settle, 
i  Re'  gen  cr,  f  So  re'  gent,  Sol1  lo  cate,  Sol  lo  ga'  tion319* 

|  Press,  to  squeeze ;  to  force.  Li'  gate,  to  bind  ;  to  tie. 

|  SoM  PRESS',§  SoM  PRESS7  /  BLE&  S0Lf  LI  GATE,  SoL  LI  GA'  TION,  * 

j  Lapsjs,  to  slip  or  glide.  Som  mune',  to  have  intercourse. 

\  Sol  lapsb',    Sol  lapsed',82  *      Som  mux'  ion,39  *  -6'o3/mu'  n/  rr,* 

i  Flux,  a  flowing.  Sol  le€t',  to  bring  together. 

|  "6W  FLUX,      "€W  FLU  ENCE,  &OL  LEC'  TZOiV,t     SOL  LE€T;  Oi2,f 

|  Part'  ner,  associate  in  business.    Son  rob'  o  rate,  to  confirm,  or 
So  part'ner,  So  part'  ner  ship,     give  additional  strength  to. 
I  Syn1  the  sis,  a  placing  together.     Sor  rob  o  ra'  tion* 
\  aStz'la  bl.e,  a  letter,  or  letters  ut-  Sym'  pa  thy,  agreement  of  feelings, 
tered  by  owe  impulse  of  the  voice.  Sym'  pho  ny,  agreement  of  sounds. 

TABLE  XXXI. 
The  Prefix  Ad,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 
Ad,  frequently  written  AC,  af,  ag,  al,  an,  ap,  ar,  as,  or  at,  im- 
implies  to;  at;  toward;  near;  or  some  addition.    The  primitives  are 
defined  as  verbs.     The  derivatives  are  verbs,  nouns,  participles,  or  ad- 
j  jectives. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Join,  to  unite  ;  to  link.  3.  Ad  join',  to  join  or  unite  to. 

2.  Join'  er,  t  one  who  joins.  4.  Ad  join'  inq,  t  joining  to. 

Spell  and  Define. 
€r£d'  it,  to  believe.    Per  tain',  to  belong.  Al  lude',  to  refer  to. 
|  A-e  cred'  it,  Ap  per  tajn',  Al  lud  ed* 

Av  €red'  it  ed,  t       Ap  per  tajn'  ing,  t    Al  lu'  sion?1  || 

!        *  Rule  1,  page  117.  f  Rule  6,  page  119.  f  Rule  10,  page  120. 

§  Rule  13,  page  120.  ||  Rule  9,  page  119. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  145 


Fix*  to  fasten.  Cede,  to  transfer.        An  nex',  to  unite  to. 

Affix1,  ^L^cede',  An  kexed',82 

Af  FIX'  ING,  A€  CED;  ED,  f  [to.  An  NEX  A*  TION,19 

Test,  to  prove.  ^Ij^flict',  to  give  pain  As  cribe',  to  attribute 

At  test',  Af  flic'  t/ov,79  *       As  crib'  a  ble,  t  [to. 

At  test'  ed,  *  Af  yiXvt1  ive,  *  As  crip  tion,  % 

Grieve,  to  give  pain.  Ad  vise',  to  give  eoun-  Lure,  to  entice. 

Aq  gr/eve',  Ad  vis'  eh,  t     [sel  to.  Al  lure', 

AG  GRIEVEI?',t  VI$'  O  RY,  f  ^ll,  LURE'  MENT,  § 


TABLE  XXXII. 

The  Prefixes  In  and  cTzv  in  Connection  with  Various 
Suffixes. 

In  or  un,  in  this  table,  signifies  not;  but  neither  one  of  them  must 
be  prefixed  to  the  primitives,  until  some  suffix  is  added.  They  are 
sometimes  used  interchangeably ;  but  in  is  more  common,  in  cases  of 
this  kind,  and  generally  more  elegant.  With  the  termination  ed,  how- 
ever, un  must  be  used  instead  of  in.  We  may  say  un  con  soW,  but 
not  in  con  soleof'. 

The  primitives  are  verbs.  The  derivatives  are  adjectives,  participles, 
or  adverbs. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Cure,   to  heal;    to  restore  to   5.  In  cur'a  bly,  t  f  in  a  manner  that 

health  ;  to  remedy.  „  TT     _  ,  A  may  not  be  heal- 

«  /n-   ,  J.;,         7V1.J     6.  UN  CUr'a  BLY,  T    ed  or  cured 

2.  €uR'iBi£,t  that  maybehe&lcH.  _  vea  or  cuiea. 

_  T      -  .  ,  /,7  ,  .t     7.  Gured,  t  was  healed  or  cured. 

3.  In  cur'     ble,  t  */<af  ma^/  *?o£  be 

J  healed  or  re-   8.  ^  €UR£i?',  T  w«s  ho£  healed  or 

4.  Un  cur'  .a        t  (^stored  to  health.  cured ;  was  not  remedied. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Con  sole',  to  comfort.  Con  test',  to  strive.     Dis  c£rn',85  to  perceive. 
Con  sol'  a  ble,  t       €on  test'abi^,*  DiscfiRx'iBL^,* 
In  con  s.ol'  a  ble,  t    In  con  t£st'  a  ble,  *  In  dis  c£rn'  i  ble,  * 
con  sol'  a  ble,  t  Un  con  test'  x  Biz?,*  Un  dis  c£rn'  j  ble,  * 
In  con  sol'  a  bly,  t    iv  con  test'  a  bly,  *    7v  dis  c6rn'  i  bly,* 
Un  con  sol'  a  bly,  t  cTn  con  test'  a  bly,  *  Un  dis  cern'  j  bxf,  * 

*  Rule  6,  p.  119.       f  Rule  1,  p.  117.         \  Rule  11,  p.  120.        §  Rule  2,  p.  117. 


146 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Con  soled',* 
Un  con  soiled',  * 
Con  ce/ve',  to  think. 

CON  CEZV;  A  BLE,  * 
In  CON  CElV  A  BLE,  * 
CZtf  CON  CBIV' A  BLE,* 

In  con  ceiv'  a  bly* 
Un  «on  ceiv'  a  bly* 
Con  ckived',  * 
Un  con  ceiv^d',  * 


CON  TEST'  £Z>,  t 

Un  con  test'  ed,  t 
€031  pare',  to  liken. 

€oiI  PAR'  A  BLE,  * 

In  com  par'  a  ble* 
Un  com  par'  A  BLE,  * 
In  COM  PAR'  4  BLYy  * 
UN  COM  PAR7  A  BLYy  * 

Com  pared',  * 

£fo  COM  PARED',  * 


Dl$  CERN£Z>',85  f 
£ZzV  DIS  CERNEZ)',  f 

Cor  rupt',  to  vitiate. 

COR  RUPT'  I  BLE,  f 

In  cor  rupt'  j  .bee,  t 
Un  cor  rupt'  j  ble,  t 

ZiV  COR  RUPT'  I  BLY,  f 
cTtf  COR  RUPT'  I  BLY,  f 
€OR  RUPT'  ED,  f 
Z7.Y  COR  rupt'  ED,  t 


TABLE  XXXIII. 

The  Prefixes  Di  and  Z?j,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Di  implies  separation;  disunion;  asunder;  off;  out  of.  Bis,  com- 
monly written  bi,  implies  two  or  double.  The  primitives  of  the  first 
column  are  verbs;  those  of  the  second  column,  nouns  or  adjectives. 
The  derivatives  are  verbs,  nouns,  participles,  adjectives,  or  adverbs* 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Lac'  er  ate,  to  tear;  to  rend.       1.  Form,  shape;  figure. 

2.  Di  lac'  er  ate,  to  tear  asunder.      2.  Bi'  form,  having  two  forms. 

I  3.  Di  lac  er  a'  tion*  the  act  of  3.  Bi  form'  j  rr,t  a  double  form, 
tearing  asunder.  1 .  Bi'  fold,  twofold  ;  double. 

Spell  and  Define. 


Di  vest',  to  strip  off. 

Di  vest'  ed,  t    Di  vest'  ure,^ 

Di  gress',  to  leave  the  subject. 

Di  gress'  ing,  %  Di  gres'  sion,  \ 

Di  lute',  to  weaken,  as  spirit. 

Di  lut'  ed,  *     Di  lu'  tion* 

Di  vide',  to  separate. 

Di  vid'  ed,  *    Di  vis'  ion,92  § 

Di  lap'  i  date,  to  fall  apart. 

Di  lap'  i  da  ted,  * 

Di  lap  i  da'  tion,  * 


Lat'  er  al,  pertaining  to  the  side. 
Lat'  er  al  ly,  Bi  lat'  er  al, 
-Cor  po'  re  al,  having  a  body. 
€or  po'  re  al  ly, 
Bi  cor  po'  re  al, 
Bi  ma'  nous,  having  two  hands. 
Bi  corn'  ous,  having  two  horns. 
Bi  en'  ni  al,  once  in  two  years. 
Bi'  ped,  an  animal  with  only  two  feet. 
Bi  no'  mi  al,   consisting  of  two 
Bi  col'  orjd,  of  two  colors,  [termg. 


*  Rule  1,  p.  117.        f  Rule  6,  p.  119.         {  Rule  13,  p.  120.        §  Rule  9,  p.  119. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINES.  147 

TABLE  XXXIV. 

The  Prefix  Inter,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Inter  implies  between  or  among.  Trans  or  ultra  implies  across; 
over;  beyond;  change  of;  through.  Cis  implies  on  this  side.  The  prim- 
itives are  nouns,  adjectives,  or  verbs.  The  derivatives  are  adjectives, 
jr  bs,  or  nouns. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Ja'  cent,  lying  at  length.  1.  At  lan'tic,  the  Atlantic  ocean. 

2.  In  ter  ja'  cent,  lying  between.    2.  Txans  at  lan'  ti-g,  beyond  the 

1.  Ma  fine',  pertaining  to  the  sea.  Atlantic.        [across  the  sea. 

2.  Trans  ma  rine',  beyond  the  sea.  3.  Ul  tra  ma  bins',   beyond  or 

Spell  and  Define. 


We^ive,  to  unite  threads,  as  in  cloth. 
In  ter  weave', 
Mar'  ry,  to  unite  in  marriagp. 
\  In  ter  mar'  jiy, 
Plant,  to  cover  in  the  ground. 
Trans  plXnt', 

al'  pine,  pertaining  to  the  Alps. 
Trans  al'  pIke,  Cis  al'  pIne, 
Lu'  cent,  having  brightness. 
Trans  lu'  cent, 
Trans  lu'  cen  cf,* 


In  ter  fere',  to  interpose. 

In  ter  fer'  ence,  t 

In  ter  vene',  to  come  between. 

In  ter  ven'  tion,~9  t 

In  ter  rupt',  to  stop  by  inter- 

In  ter  rup'  tion,  J  [faring,  i 

Trans  gress',    to  pass  over  or 

Trans  gress'  or,  §  [beyond,  j 

Trans  cend',   to  go  beyond ;  to 

Trans  cend'  ent,  t  [surpass. 

Trans  cend'  en  cf,* 


TABLE  XXXV. 
The  Prefix  Super,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 
Super,  supra,  or  sur  implies  above;  beyond;  excess;  over;  over 
and  above.    The  primitives  are  adjectives,  or  verbs.    The  derivatives 
are  adjectives,  verbs,  or  nouns. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Hu'  man,  belonging  i  mankind.   1.  Mun'  dane,  belonging  to  the 

2.  Su  per  hu'  man,  above  what  is  world.  [the  world. 

human  ;  divine.  2.  Su  pra  mun'  dane,  being  above 

1.  Charge,  to  load,  as  a  gun.         2.  Sur  charge',  to  overload. 
*  Rule  10,  p.  120.        t  Rule  1,  p.  117.       %  Rule  6,  p.  119.        §  Rule  13,  p.  120. 


148 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


Spell  and  Define. 


\  add,  to  join  or  put  to. 

!  Su   PER   ADD',  * 

1  Su  PER  AD  Dl"  TION,  * 

A  bound',  to  be  in  great  plenty. 

SU  PER  A  BOUND', 

Sup  er  a  bound'  jng,  t 

Nat'  u  ral,40  according  to  nature. 

SU  PER  NAT'  U  RAL,40 

:  an'  gel,  a  divine  messenger. 

|  An  gel'  ie,\  Su  per  an  gel'  i-e, 


Su  per  vise',  to  oversee;  to  in- 
Su  per  vis'  ion?2  X  [spect. 

Su  PER  Vl'  SOR,  t 

Mount,  to  ascend  ;  to  rise  on  high. 
Sur  mount',  Sur  mount'  a  bleJ 
Pass,  to  move  onward. 
Sur  pass',  *  Sur  pass'  ing,  * 
Sur  vive',  to  live  beyond  or  longer 
Sur  viv'  or,  $  [than. 
Sur  viv'  or  ship,  J 


TABLE  XXXVI. 

The  Prefixes  Sub  and  Subter,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Sub,  sometimes  written  sue,  suf,  sug,  sup,  or  sus,  implies  under; 
below;  subordinate ;  after;  up.  Subter  implies  under.  The  primitives 
are  adjectives,  verbs,  or  nouns.  The  derivatives  are  adjectives,  parti- 
ciples^ or  nouns. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  A  quat'  i€,62   living  in  water;    1.  Pend'ing,  hanging;  depending. 

watery.  [the  water.    2.  Sus  pend'  ing,  hanging  up  or 

2.  Sub  a  quat'  i-e,   living  under  under;  delaying  for  a  time. 

Spell  and  Define. 

as'  tral,  belonging  to  the  stars.     Flu'  ent,  readily  flowing. 
Sub  as'  tral,  Sub  ter1  flu  ent, 

Lin"  gual,30    pertaining  to  the  Fix,  to  fasten  ;  to  place. 
Sub  lin"  gual,  [tongue.  Suf1  fix,  Suf1  fix  ing. 

Ma  rine',  pertaining  to  the  sea.   Sue  ceed',  to  follow  after. 
Sub  ma  r'ine',  Sue  ceed'  er,  t  Su-e  ceed'  ing>\ 

Tu'  tor,  one  who  instructs.  Sup  port',  to  sustain,  or  hold  up. 

Sub  tu'  tor,  Sup  port'  a  ble,\  Sup  port' er,  t 

Gu  ta'  ne  ous,  pertaining  to  the  Suf*  fer,  to  feel  or  undergo. 
Sub  cu  ta'  ne  ous,  [skin.  Suf'  fer  er,  t     Suf1  fer  ing,  t 

Ter  ra'  ne  ous,  pertaining  to  the  ^'jugate,  to  bring  under  control 
Sub  ter  ra'  ne  ous,  [earth.  Sub  ju  ga  tio-y,79  % 

*  Rule  13,  page  120.  t  Rule  6,  page  119.  |  Rule  1,  page  117. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


149 


TABLE  XXXVII. 

The  Prefixes  Ob,  Retro,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Ob,  sometimes  written  oc,  of,  or  op,  implies  against;  toward;  to; 
into;  out;  on  or  upon.  Retro  implies  back  or  backward.  Bene 
implies  good  or  well.  Male  or  mal  implies  bad;  evil;  ill.  The 
primitives  are  nouns,  verbs,  or  adjectives.  The  derivatives  are  nouns, 
verbs,  adjectives,  or  participles. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Li  g a/  tion,79  the  act  of  binding.    1.  Op  pose',  to  act  against. 

2.  Ob  li  ga'  tion,  something  of   1.  ac'  tion,79  state  of  moving. 

binding  force  on  a  person,  2.  Re  tro  ac'  tion,  acting  back- 
as  a  duty.                [mind.  ward  or  in  return.  [foWinact. 

1.  O-e  cur',  to  meet  or  come  to  the  1.  Be  nev'  o  lent,  ^//-wishing ; 

1.  Of*  fer,  to  present  to  or  before.  I,  Ma  lev' o  lent,  evil-minded. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Ob  struct',  to  hinder;  to  stop.  Ob  tr£tde',  to  thrust  or  force  upon. 
Ob  struc'  tion*  Ob  struct'  ing,  Ob  trud'  er,  t  Ob  tru'  sion,91  X 
Ob  struct' ed,  Un  ob  struct'  ed,  Ob  trud'  ed,  t  Un  ob  trud'  edJ 
Ob  scure',  to  darken  ;  clouded.  Eac'  tor,  a  doer  of  something. 
Ob  scu  ra'tionJ  Un  ob  scuRi;z>',t  Ben  e  fac'  tor,  Mal  e  fac'  tor, 
Of  fenS-e',  moderate  anger.  Die'  tion,  style  ;  expression. 

Of  ten1  siveJ  Un  0-ffen'  siveJ  Ben  e  dic'  tion, 
Ret'  ro  spect,  a  review;  a  looking  Mal  e  dic'  tion, 
Re  tro  spec'  tion,*         [back.  Prac'  tice,  customary  use  or  ac- 
Re  tro  spect'  ive,  *  Mal  prac'  tice,  [tions 

Ret'  ro  grade,  going  backward.  Mal  prac'  tic  ing,  §  [with. 
Re  tro  gra  da'  tion,  t  Treat,  to  manage ;  to  have  to  do 

Re  tro  grad'  ing,  t  Mal  treat',   Mal  treat'  ment, 


TABLE  XXXVIII. 
The  Pr'efixes  De,  Circum,  &c,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

De  implies  removing  from;  depriving  of;  down.  Circum  implies 
around ;  about.  Ante  implies  before.  Post  implies  after.  The  prim- 
itives are  verbs,  nouns,  or  adjectives ;  and  the  derivatives  are  the  same. 
*  Rule  6,  p.  119.       t  Rule  1,  p.  1 17.       j  Rule  9,  p.  119.        §  Note,  Rule  1,  p.  117. 


150 


TOWN'S  SPELLFg  AND  DEFINER. 


Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  ox'  yd  ate,13  to  convert  into  an  1.  Nav'  i  gate,  to  sail  on  water 

oxyd ;  to  oxydize.  with  a  ship.  [round. 

2.  Ox  yd  a'  tion,19  *    the  act  of  2.  Cir  €um  nav'  i  gate,   to  sail 

converting,  &c.  [ygen.  3.  Cir  -euM  nav  i  ga'  Tmzv,  *  the 

3.  De  ox'  yd  ate,  to  deprive  of  ox-  act  of  sailing  round. 

4.  De  ox  yd  a'tion*  the  act  of  &c.  1.  An  te  me  rid'  i  an,  before  noon. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Pop'  u  late,40  to  furnish  people.  Kange,  to  place  in  order. 
De  pop'  u  late,  Deyop'xj  lated*  De  range',  De  range'  ment,  J 

Po'  lar,  pertaining  to  the  poles.  Cm  -euM  volv^b',  to  roll  round. 

Po  lar'  i  tt,  f  Cm-euM  po'  lar,  An  te  ced'  ent,  what  goes  before. 

Date,  to  note  the  time  of  an  act.  Ante1  ri  or,  before  in  time  or  place. 

An'  te  date,  Post1  date,  An  te  di  lu'  vi  an,  existing  be- 
Po  si"  t/on,  situation  ;  place.  fore  the  deluge.  [ten  afler. 

An  te  po  si"  t/on,  Post1  script,  that  which  is  writ- 

Post  po  si"  tion,  Pos  tb'ri  or,  after  or  later  in  time. 


TABLE  XXXIX. 

The  Prefixes  Pro,  Per,  &c,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Pro  implies  for;  forth;  forward;  out.  Per  implies  through;  over; 
by.  Preter,  extra,  out,  or  over  implies  beyond;  excess;  too  much ; 
past.  The  primitives  are  verbs,  nouns,  or  adjectives.  The  derivatives 
are  verbs,  nouns,  adjectives,  participles,  or  adverbs. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Wot-ds. 

1.  Pro  ject',  to  throw  out.  1.  Le'  gal,  according  to  law. 

2.  Pro  jec'  tion,''9  t  the  act  of,  &c.    2.  Pre  ter  le'  gal,  beyond  law. 

1.  Pro  tract',  to  prolong.  1.  am'  bu  late,  to  walk  about.  ! 

2.  Pro  tract' or^  he  who  prolongs.  2.  Per  am'  bu  late,  to  walk  over. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Pro  ceed',  to  go  forward.  Pro  pel',  to  drive  forward. 

Pro  ceed'  ed,  t  Pro  ced'  ure,  f  Pro  filled',  §  Pro  pel'  ler,  §  1 

Pro  pose',  to  lay  before.  Ex  tray'  a  gant,  beyond  due  ' 
Pro  pos'  ^ll,*  Prop  o  sj"  tion*       bounds  ;  lavish  in  expenses. 

*  Rule  1,  p.  117.       t  Rule  6,  p.  119.       J  Rule  2,  p.  117.       §  Rule  5,  page  118. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DE FINER.  151 


Per  Changs',  by  chance.  Pre  ter  nat'  u  ral,40 

Per  vade',  to  pass  through.  Fre  ter  nat'  u  ral  ness,*0 

Per'  fo  rate,  to  pierce  through.  Out  nCm'ber,  to  exceed  m  number. 

Nat'  fr  ral,40  according  to  nature.  0  ver  paf',  to  pay  too  much. 


TABLE  XL. 

The  Prefixes  Mono,  Poly,  &c ,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Mono  implies  one  or  alone.  Poly  implies  many.  Omni,  pan,  or 
panto,  implies  all;  universal.  The  primitives  are  nouns  or  adjectives; 
and  the  derivatives  are  the  same. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Stl'  la  bl£,  a  union  of  letters.    1.  Po'  tent,  possessing  power. 

2.  Mon  o  syl'  la  blu,  a  word  of  2.  Om  niv'  o  tent,  a//-powerful. 

one  syllable.  [syllables.  1.  The'  ism,  belief  in  a  God. 

3.  Pol  y  syl'  la  ble,  word  of  many  2.  P^lv'the  ism,  God  in  all  things. 

Spell  and  Define. 

€hro  mat'  ic,  relating  to  color.  Pol  tphon'ic,  having  many  sounds. 

Mon  o  chro  mat'  ic,  Pol' y  gon,  a  figure  of  many  sides. 

Tech'  ni€,  pertaining  to  the  arts.  Om  nif1  i€,  ^/-creating. 

Pol  y  tech'  ni€)  Om  ni  fa'  ri  ous,  of  all  varieties. 

Om  nis1  cient,74  a//-knowing.  Mon1  o  log ue,  spoken  alone,  [ties. 

Pol'  y  glot,  of  many  languages.  Pan  the'  on,  temple  for  all  the  dei- 


TABLE  XLI. 

The  Prefixes  Uni,  Multi>  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Uni  implies  one*,  multi,  many ;  equi,  equal.  Anti,  sometimes 
written  ant,  and  contra,  also  written  contro  or  counter,  implies 
against ;  in  opposition.  The  primitives  are  nouns,  verbs,  or  adjectives ; 
and  the  derivatives  are  the  same. 

Manner  and  Order  of  Forming  and  Defining  the  Words. 

1.  Form,  shape  ;  model,  [same  form.  1.  Spas  m6d'  ic,    consisting  in 

2.  U'  ni  form,40  having  one  or  the  spasm  ;  fitful.  [spasm. 

3.  Mul'  ti  form,  having    many  2.  An  ti  spas  m5d'  ic,  opposing 

forms.  1.  arc' tic,  lying  far  north.  [tic. 

4.  Ef  qui  form,62  of  equal  form.       2.  Ant  arc'  tic,  opposite  the  Arc- 


152 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINEB. 


Spell  and  Define. 

Lat'  er  al,  pertaining  to  the  side.  LP  ni  corn,  animal  with  one  horn. 

Mul  ti  lat'  er  al,  E  qui  lib'  ri  um,  equality  of 
an"  gu  lar,  having  angles.  weight,  force,  &c. 

E  qui  an"  gu  lar,         [flowers.  Con  ta'  gzous,    catching;  infec- 

Mul  ti  flo'  Rous,  having  many  An  ti  con  ta'  gjous,  [tious. 

An  tag'  o  nist,  one  who  opposes  An  ti  fe'  briue,  opposing  fever. 

another;  an  opponent.     [words.  -Con*  tro  vert,  to  argue  against. 

■€on  tra  digt',    to    oppose  by  -Co un  ter  ac't ion,  opposite  action. 


TABLE  XLII. 

The  Numeral  Prefixes  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Demi,  hemi,  or  semi  implies  half;  uni,  one;  bi,  two;  tri,  three; 
tetra,  four;  penta  or  pent,  Jive;  sex  or  hexa,  six;  sept  or 
hepta,  seven;  octa,  octo,  or  oct,  eight;  novem  or  ennea,  nine; 
deca,  dec,  or  decem,  ten ;  centu,  centi,  or  cent,  one  hundred. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Dem'  i  qua  ver,82  half  a  quaver.  Sept  an;/  gu  lar,    having  seven 

Hem*  i  sphere,46  half  a  sphere.  angles.        [and  as  many  angles. 

Sem'  i  cir  CLE,  half  a  circle.  Hep'  ta  gon,  figure  of  seven  sides, 

U  ni  lat'  er  al,40  having  one  side.  Oe  tag'  o  nal,  having  eight  angles. 

Di  dent'  al,  having  two  teeth.  No  vem1  ber,  ninth  month  of  the 

Tri  an"  gu  lar,    having  three  Roman  year,  but  eleventh  of  ours. 

angles.                   [four  angles.  De€(  a  logue,  the  ten  command- 

Tet'  ra  gon,  a  plane  figure  having  ments,  or  the  moral  law.  [years. 

Pen  tam[  e  ter,  verse  of  five  feet.  Cent1  u  ry  40  period  of  a  hundred 

Sex  en'  ni  al,  once  in  six  years.  Cen  ten'  ni  al,  occurring  every 

Hex  ag1  o  nal,  having  six  sides.  hundred  years. 


TABLE  XLIII. 

The  Prefixes  A,  Ab,  Abs,  &c.,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

A,  ab,  or  abs  implies  from;  away  from  ;  separation.  A,  sometimes 
implies  in  or  on;  without;  wanting.  En,  sometimes  written  em,  im- 
plies in  or  into;  to  give,  or  to  make;  and  it  also  adds  intensity  of  mean- 
ing. Be  implies  nearness ;  to  make  or  do  something ;  intensity  of  mean- 
ing.   By  implies  aside,  or  private. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  153 

Spell  and  Define. 

A  bridge',  to  take  from.  Em  row'  er,  to  give  power  to. 

Ab  ,so6nd',  to  flee  away  from.  En  rich',  to  make  rich. 

A  board',  on  board.  Be  side',  at  the  side  of. 

A  pet'  al  ous,  without  petals.  Be  sot',  to  make  stupid. 

A  tox'  i€,  wanting  tone.  Be  rate',  to  scold  severely. 

En  gulf',  to  draw  into  a  gulf.  Z?f'-street,  a  private  street. 

TABLE  XLIV. 

The  Prefixes  All,  Ambi,  &c,  Defined  and  Exempli fved. 

All  implies  most ;  tvholly ;  in  the  highest  degree.  Ambi,  amb,  or  amphi 
implies  both;  around;  two,  double,  or  doubtful.  Duo  or  du  implies 
two,  or  double.  Dia  implies  through.  Dys  implies  bad,  or  difficult. 
Under  implies  below;  beneath;  subordinate.  With  implies  opposition; 
Ixick ;  restraint. 

Spell  and  Define. 

^4lz-cheer'  ing-,  most  cheering.  Du  plic'  i  ty,  cfo«6/e-dealing.  [ter. 

Am  bi  dex'  trous,    using   both  Diameter,  aline  through  the  cen- 

hands  with  equal  ease.     [ments.  Dys  p£p'  sy,  difficult  digestion. 

Am  pant*  I  ous,  living  in  two  ele-  Un  deb  a  gent,  subordinate  agent. 

I  Am  big'  u  ous,  of  doubtful  import.  With  draw',  to  take  back. 

TABLE  XLV. 

The  Prefixes  Hyper,  Homo,  &c,  Defined  and  Exemplified. 

Hyper  implies  over;  excess;  beyond.  Homo  implies  the  same,  or 
similar.  Hetero  implies  contrary,  or  different.  Juris  implies  law,  or 
If  gal  right.  Meta  implies  change;  beyond.  NoCT  implies  night.  Para 
implies  contrary;  beyond;  by  the  side  of;  from.  Proto,  primo,  or 
prim  implies  first,  or  original;  chief.  Se  implies  separation;  with- 
drawal.   Up  implies  aloft,  or  on  high;  sustaining. 

Spell  and  Define. 

Hy  per  -grit'  i€  al,  ow?--critical.  No€  tiv'a  gant,  roving  in  the  night. 
Ho  3/0  ge'  ne  ous,  of  the  same  kind.  Pah}  a  mount,  superior  to  others. 
Het  e  ro  ge'ne  ous,  of  &  different  Pnot  to  type,  an  original  model. 

kind  or  nature.  [of  law.  Se  olude',  to  separate  from  society. 

Ju  mis  pru'  dence,  the  science  Up  lift',  to  raise  aloft. 
Met  a  morph'ose,46  to  change  form.  Up  hold',  to  sustain  or  support. 


154 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


PART  IV. 


WORDS  PRONOUNCED  ALIKE,  BUT  DIFFERENT  IN  SPELLING  AND 
MEANING,  WITH  DICTATION  EXERCISES. 


LESSON  I. 


ail,  to  trouble  ;  a  pain. 
ale,  a  malt  liquor. 

air,  the  atmosphere. 

e'er,  a  contraction  of  ever. 

ere,  before  ,  sooner  than. 

Heir,  he  who  inherits. 
all,  the  whole  ;  total. 
;  awl,  a  shoemaker's  tool. 

ark,  a  vessel ;  a  repository, 

AR-e,  a  part  of  a  circle. 


As  cent',  an  eminence  ;  a  rise. 
As  sent',  agreement ;  consent. 
au1  ger,  a  tool  to  bore  with. 
AUf  gur,  to  foretell  by  omens. 
ate,  the  past  tense  of  eat. 
eight,  twice  four. 
Bad,  ill  ;  not  good. 
Bade,  the  past  tense  of  bid. 
Bail,  a  surety  ;  a  handle. 
Bale,  a  package  of  goods. 

Dictation  Exercise.  —  What  can  ail  the  boy?  The  ale  does  him  no 
good.  Arise,  and  breathe  the  morning  air,  ere  the  sun  rises!  Where'er  I 
go,  an  heir  I  am.  All  shoemakers  use  an  awl.  Was  Noah's  ark  like  the 
arc  of  a  circle  ?  He  had  his  father's  assent  to  climb  the  steep  ascent.  If  I 
ask  him  for  the  auger,  will  it  augur  ill  success  ?  The  chestnuts  he  ate  cost 
him  eight  cents.  They  reproved  the  bad  man,  and  then  bade  him  leave  the 
house.    I  will  be  your  bail.    The  merchant  received  a  bale  of  goods. 

LESSON  II. 


Ball,  a  spherical  body. 
Bawl,  to  cry  aloud. 

Bare,  naked;  uncovered. 

Bear,  a  beast ;  to  suffer. 
Bay,  an  arm  of  the  sea ;  a  color. 
Bey2,  a  Turkish  governor. 

Be,  to  exist ;  to  remain. 

Bee,  an  insect;  as,  honey-bee. 
Be^ich,  a  sandy  sea-shore. 
Beech,  the  name  of  a  tree. 

Beau19,  a  gallant;  a  lover. 

Bow,  used  to  shoot  arrows  with. 


Beer,  a  brewed  liquor. 

Bier,  hand  carnage  for  the  dead 

Beet,  a  garden  vegetable. 

Beat,  to  strike ;  to  outdo. 
Bell,  a  metal  vessel  for  ringing.  , 
Belle,  a  gay  young  lady. 

Ber'  ry,  a  small  pulpy  fruit. 

Bu'  ry11,  to  inter;  to  cover. 
Bin,  a  box  for  grain. 
Been15  the  past  participle  of  be. 

Blew22,  the  past  tense  of  blow. 

Blue,  one  of  the  primary  colors. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  Please  toss  me  the  ball,  and  do  not  bawl  so  loud. 
The  man  handles  the  bear  with  his  bare  hands.  The  Bey  came  in  the  ship  j 
which  is  anchored  in  the  bay.  You  should  be  as  busy  as  the  bee.  A  beau- 1 
tiful  beech  stands  near  the  beach.  Her  obliging  beau  can  use  the  bow  very 
skillfully.  A  brewer  makes  beer.  He  was  borne  on  a  bier  to  the  grave.  | 
The  gardener  gave  me  a  beet.  Do  not  beat  the  horse.  The  bell  is  ringing. 
A  young  belle  is  often  proud.  A  delicious  berry.  Where  will  you  bury 
your  friend?  I  have  just  been  out  to  see  your  large  bin  in  the  barn.  The 
wind  blew  the  ship  on  shore.    Our  glorious  old  flag  of  red,  white,  and  blue  !  \ 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


155 


LESSON  III. 


Bo^ir,  a  male  swine. 

Bork,  to  pierce  with  an  auger. 

Boll,  the  pod  of  a  plant. 

Bowl,  an  earthen  vessel. 

Bole,  a  kind  of  fine  clay. 
Bold,  brave ;  courageous. 
Bowled,  rolled  rapidly,  as  a  ball. 

Bow,  an  act  of  civility. 

Boug£t,  the  branch  of  a  tree. 
Brake,  a  kind  of  plant. 
Break,  to  part  asunder. 

Bre^id,  an  article  of  food. 

Bred,  produced  ;  trained. 


Bur'  rojf,  a  hole  for  rabbits. 
Bon'  ough,  a  corporate  town. 

But,  more;  except;  only. 

Butt,  to  strike  with  the  head. 
By,  near  to  ;  beside. 
Buy,  to  purchase. 
Bye,  a  stopping-place. 

€a/n,  a  man's  name. 

Cane,  a  plant ;  a  walking-stick. 
Call,  to  cry  out ;  to  name. 
Ca£7L,  a  membrane  in  animals. 

Can'  non,  a  large  gun. 

Can'  on,  a  rule  of  a  church. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  The  tusk  of  a  boar.  I  can  bore  with  an  auger. 
Has  flax  a  boll?    Give  John  a  bowl  of  milk.    Bole  has  various  shades  of 
;  color.    A  bold  soldier.    He  bowled  the  ball.    Bow  respectfully.   What  is  the 
bough  of  a  tree?    Brake  is  sometimes  called  fern.    Did  you  break  the 
jlamp?    The  poor  boy  is  crying  for  bread.    He  is  well  bred.    What  ani- 
j  mals  live  in  a  burrow  f    The  inhabitants  of  a  borough.    The  old  sheep  will 
i  butt  the  boy,  but  may  not  hurt  him  much.    I  passed  by  my  uncle's  house 
when  I  went  to  buy  me  a  hat.    Run  to  your  bye.    Cain  was  the  first  mur- 
derer.   Give  the  old  man  his  cane.    Call  the  butcher  to  remove  the  caul. 
The  roar  of  the  cannon.    It  is  an  essential  canon  of  the  church. 

LESSON  IV. 


Can'  vas,  coarse  cloth  for  sails,  &c. 

Can'  vass,  to  examine  ;  to  discuss. 
Cede,  to  yield  up  to  another. 
Seed,  to  sow  with  seed. 

Ce/l,  to  cover  the  top  of  a  room. 

Sexl,  to  fasten  with  a  seal.  [room. 
Ce/l'ing,  covering  of  the  top  of  a 
Seal'  ing,  fastening  with  a  seal. 

Cell,  a  small,  close  room. 

Sell,  to  part  with  for  a  price,  [der. 
Ces'  sion,80  a  giving  up  ;  surren- 
Ses'  sion,  the  sitting  of  a  court. 


Cent,  the  100th  part  of  a  dollar. 
Sent,  ordered  away  ;  thrown. 
Scent,  a  smell ;  odor. 

Cite,  to  summon  ;  to  quote. 

Site,  situation  ;  a  building-spot. 

Sight,  the  sense  of  seeing. 
Claws,  nails  of  a  beast  or  bird. 
Qlause,  a  part  of  a  sentence. 

Clime,  region  ;  a  climate. 

Climb,  to  ascend  with  effort. 
Col'  or,  hue  ;  tint ;  dye. 
Cull'  er,  one  who  culls  or  selects. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  For  what  is  canvas  used  ?  I  will  canvass  the 
subject.  I  will  cede  to  you  the  land,  if  you  will  seed  it  with  grass.  When 
!  will  you  ceil  my  room  ?  Ho  will  seal  the  package  of  money.  The  ceil- 
ing of  my  room  needs  repairing.  I  am  scaling  the  package.  The  prisoner's 
cell.  Will  you  sell  your  liorse?  The  cession  of  land  was  made  at  the  last 
scen'P  °^  tue  court*  PI®*86  g*ve  me  a  cenL  **e  was  sent  t0  scnooL  The 
rh"  iV  flower,  die  the  witness  to  testify  in  regard  to  the  site  for  the 
cnoounouse.   ^  M?  .g  in  sif)U    The  clam  of  a  Hon.    Read  the  iast 

clause  agam.   In  a  clime%  'who  will  climb  the  hill  of  science?  What 

is  the  color  of  your  eyes  ?   He  is  a  culler  of  hoops. 


156 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


LESSON 

■C6m'  ple  ment,  a  full  number. 
Com'  pli  ment,   praise  or  favor 

-Cord,  a  small  rope,  [bestowed. 

€Jiiord,  harmony  of  sounds. 
€ore,  the  heart  or  inner  part. 
Corps,  a  body  of  troops,  &c. 

Course,  way;  direction. 

Course,  not  fine  ;  rude. 
!  Cous'  in,  an  uncle's  or  an  aunt's 
■Goz  JEN,  to  cheat  slyly.  [child. 

Cote,  a  sheep-fold. 

-C6.4T,  an  outer  garment. 
Dane,  a  native  of  Denmark. 
Deign',  to  condescend. 

Dictation  Exercise. 


De>ir,  costly;  beloved. 
Deer,  a  kind  of  animal.  [night. 
Dew,22    moisture  deposited  at 
Due,  that  ought  to  be  paid. 
Die,  to  lose  life  ;  to  expire. 
Dye,  to  color;  to  stain. 
Dire,  dreadful ;  horrible. 
Dy'  er,  one  who  colors. 
Doe,  the  female  of  the  deer. 
Dough,  unbaked  paste. 

Dun,  to  urge  for  a  debt ;  a  color. 
Don^,  performed ;  finished. 
Fort,  a  fortified  place. 
Forte,  a  peculiar  talent. 

The  ship  has  her  complement  of  sailors.  The 


lady  received  a  compliment.  He  leads  his  dog  by  a  cord.  Do  your  voices 
chord  ?  A  worm  is  at  the  core.  A  corps  of  soldiers.  Their  course  was  clue 
south.  Coarse  salt.  Put  on  your  coat.  The  sheep  are  in  the  cote.  He  is 
a  Dane.  Will  you  deign  to  listen  to  me  ?  My  dear  boy  shall  have  a  tame 
deer.  The  dew  is  on  the  grass.  What  is  due  should  be  paid.  The  old  must 
die,  and  the  young  may.  The  dyer  will  dye  your  cloth.  A  dire  calamity. 
The  young  doe  was  frightened.  We  bake  dough.  I  will  dun  him  as  soon 
as  I  have  done  the  job.   The  fort  is  in  our  possession.   What  is  your  forte  f 

LESSON  VI. 

Forth,  abroad ;  forward. 
Foi/rtii,  the  ordinal  of  four. 
Foul,  filthy  ;  cloudy  ;  wicked. 
Fowl,  a  winged  animal. 
Gilt,  overlaid  with  gold-leaf. 
GtfiLT,  ill-desert ;  crime. 
Grate,  a  frame  of  iron  bars. 
Gr£at,  large  in  bulk,  &c. 
Grown,  increased  in  size,  &c. 
Grcmn,  a  deep  mournful  sound. 
Hail,  to  call ;  frozen  jain. 
Hale,  healthy;  sound, 
Hart,  a  stag,  or  male  deer. 
H^art,  the  seat  of  life ;  chief  part. 


Fane,  a  sacred  temple. 
Fain,  gladly ;  pleased. 
Feign,1  to  pretend ;  to  dissemble. 

Fair,  free  from  blemish. 

Fare,  price  of  passage ;  food. 
¥eat,  an  extraordinary  action. 
Feet,  the  plural  of  foot. 

Freeze,  to  congeal  by  cold. 

Frieze,  a  coarse  woolen  cloth. 
Fle4,  a  small  insect. 
Flee,  to  run  away. 

Flour,  the  fine  part  of  grain. 

Flow'  er,  the  blossom  of  a  plant. 

Dictation  Exercise.  —  A  fane  for  heathen  worship.  I  would  fain 
avert  the  evil.  Do  not  feign  to  be  what  you  are  not.  A  fair  apple.  She 
paid  her  fare.  He  performed  a  feat  on  a  rope  twenty  feet  long.  Will  all 
fluids  freeze  f  Frieze  has  a  nap  of  little  tufts.  Catch  that  flea  or  he  will 
flee  away.  It  is  first  quality  of  flour.  The  flower  has  fragrance.  Str>^_  I 
forth.  Give  me  one  fourth.  Foul  weather.  A  young  fowl.  I  ha?y^e  ^  ^  j 
edged  book.  The  criminal  shows  guilt.  There  is  coal  in  ^urec[  the 
great  army.    He  has  grown  rich.   I  heard  a  groan.  nal  inJ 

'grain  of  a  hale  old  man.  Who  killed  the  hart  ?  Hi?  ^art  has  ceased  to  d^j 


i 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINLR. 


157 


Hare,  a  small  timid  animal. 
Ha/r,  filaments  of  the  skin. 

Haul,  to  draw  with  force. 

Hall,  a  large  public  room. 
Heel,  the  hind  part  of  the  foot. 
He4L,  to  cure  ;  to  restore. 

Here,  in  this  place. 

He^ir,  to  perceive  by  the  car. 
Hew,22  to  smooth  with  an  ax. 
Hue,  a  shade  of  color. 

Hie,  to  go  in  haste. 

High,  elevated ;  lofty. 
Him,  the  objective  case  of  he. 
Hym.n,  a  sacred  song. 


LESSON  VII. 

Hire,  to  procure  for  wages. 
High'  er,  more  high  or  elevated. 
I,  myself. 

Eye,  the  organ  of  sight. 
in,  within ;  among. 
inn,  a  country  tavern. 

In  dite',  to  compose  ;  to  dictate. 
In  dict,  to  present  for  trial. 
isle,  an  island. 
Aisle,  a  walk  in  a  church, 
i 'll,  contraction  of  /  will. 
Kef,  what  locks  or  unlocks. 
Quay,57  a  wharf;  a  mole  or  pier. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  Harm  not  the  timid  hare.  What  is  the  color 
of  your  hair  f  Haul  in  the  seine.  The  lecture  was  in  the  hall.  What  will 
heal  the  chilblain  on  my  heel  f  Just  step  here  if  you  wish  to  hear  distinctly. 
He  will  hew  the  timber  with  his  broad-ax.  A  sky  of  purple  hue.  Hie  to 
your  work!  Set  youj*  mark  high.  Who  will  join  with  him  in  singing  the 
hymn  ?  I  will  hire  him  if  he  asks  no  higher  wages.  /  have  one  weak  eye. 
He  was  found  in  a  country  inn.  If  you  indict  the  prisoner,  I  will  indite  a 
plea  in  his  defense.  On  a  lone,  desert  isle.  /7iwalk  up  the  aisle  to  my 
seat.    This  key  will  unlock  the  door  of  the  store-house  on  the  quay. 

LESSON  VIII. 

Kxdw,  to  have  knowledge  of. 


Kill,  to  deprive  oflife. 
Kiln,  for  burning  bricks,  &c. 

Anave,  a  dishonest  person. 

Nave,  the  hub  of  a  wheel. 
Anead,  to  work  or  mix  dough. 
Need,  want ;  to  lack. 

Aneel,  to  rest  upon  the  knees. 

Neal,  to  temper  by  heat. 
Anew,'22  the  past  tense  of  know. 
New,  not  old  ;  recent ;  fresh. 

K "sight,  a  champion  ;  a  title. 
*  Nig/jt,  from  sunset  to  sunrise. 
Anot,  the  part  tied  ;  a  knag. 
N6t,  no ;  negation. 


No,  a  refusal ;  not  any. 

Lade,  to  load;  to  freight. 

Laid,  placed  ;  stowed  away. 
Lajn,  the  past  participle  of  lie. 
Lane,  a  narrow  street  or  passage. 

Lac,  a  kind  of  gum. 

Lack,  to  be  destitute  of. 
Leaf,  part  of  a  plant  or  book. 
L/ef,  willingly  ;  freely. 

Led,  conducted*;  guided. 

Lead,  a  soft,  heavy  metal. 
Leek,  a  kind  of  wild  onion. 
Leak,  to  let  out  through  a  crack. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  "Thou  shalt  not  MIL11  The  kiln  smokes. 
Never  become  a  knave.  Is  this  a  hickory  nave  f  I  will  stay  and  knead  the 
dough  if -you  really  need  me.  Kneel  before  your  Maker.  The  smith  will 
neal  the  iron.  He  knew  the  carriage  was  not  a  new  one.  The  brave  knight 
travels  in  the  night.  She  could  not  untie  the  knot.  No  one  seems  to  know 
the  stranger.  Lade  the  ship.  She  laid  her  bonnet  aside.  It  had  lain  there 
an  hour  when  she  walked  up  the  lane.  The  varnish  er  is  without  lac ;  but 
!  he  does  not  lack  bread.  I  would  as  lief  press  this  leaf  as  that  Who  ltd 
|  you  to  the  lead  mines?    A  leek  is  a  vegetable.    This  barrel  will  leak. 


158 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


LESSON  IX. 


LeV  son,  a  task ;  instruction. 
Less'  jen,  to  diminish. 

Lie,  a  criminal  falsehood. 

Lye,  water  drained  through 
Lo,  look !  see  !  behold  !  [ashes. 
Low,  not  high  ;  humble. 

Lone,  single ;  solitary. 

Loan,  to  lend  ;  the  thing  lent. 
Lore,  learning  ;  erudition. 
how'  er,  more  low ;  to  let  down. 

Made,  did  make ;  finished. 

Maid,  an  unmarried  woman. 
Ma/n,  chief;  leading  ;  principal. 
Mane,  long  hair  on  the  neck. 


Male,  the  he  kind  ;  masculine.  [&c 
Mail,  bag  for  conveying  letters, 

Meet,  to  come  together;  fit. 

Meat,  flesh  for  food. 

Mete,  to  measure  ;  a  limit. 
Mjen,  external  appearance. 
Mean,  base ;  to  have  in  view. 

Mewl,22  to  cry,  as  a  child. 

Mule,  a  domestic  animal. 
Mite,  a  small  insect  or  piece. 
Might,  power;  strength. 

Moan,  to  mourn  ;  to  lament. 

MoVn,  cut  down,  as  grass. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  I  have  learned  my  lesson.  Opiates  lessen 
pain.  Never  tell  a  lie.  Strong  lye  makes  good  potash.  Lo  !  how  low  he 
has  fallen !  That  lone  stranger  may  have  money  to  loan.  A  man  of  lore. 
Lower  the  life-boat!  This  young  maid  has  made  a  dress  for  herself.  What 
is  the  main  question  ?  The  horse  has  a  mane.  A  male  animal.  Has  the 
mail  arrived?  Where  shall  we  meet,  and  dine  on  roast  meat?  A  judge 
should  mete  out  justice  to  all.  What  do  you  mean  when  you  speak  of  a 
gentleman's  lofty  mien  ?  Do  not  mewl  as  a  child.  I  have  no  use  for  a  mule. 
Give  me  just  a  mite  of  it.  Strive  to  learn  with  all  your  might.  I  heard  the 
moan  of  the  man  who  had  mown  down  the  grass. 

LESSON  X. 


Moat,  a  ditch  for  defense. 
Mote,  a  small  particle. 

Nag,  a  small  horse. 

/Tnag,  a  knot  in  wood. 
Nat,  no  ;  a  denial. 
Neigh',1  to  cry  as  a  horse. 

Nit,  the  egg  of  an  insect. 

2£nit,  to  weave  with  needles. 
oar,  a  paddle  to  row  with. 
ore,  metal  in  a  mixed  state, 
o'  eh,  a  contraction  of  over.  [tion. 

oh,  or  O,  denoting  strong  emo- 


owe,  to  be  indebted. 

Dictation  Exercise.  —  Is  there  a  moat  around  the  fort? 
mote  in  my  eye.    Is  this  your  nag  f    He  hewed  off  the  knag. 


Oni?,38  a  single  person  or  thing. 
Won,  gained  the  victory. 

Ought,5  held  or  bound  in  duty. 
aught,  anything. 
Our,  belonging  to  us. 
Hour,  sixty  minutes. 

Pa/n,  distress  of  body  or  mind. 
Pane,  a  square  of  glass. 
Pajr,  a  couple ;  two  of  a  sort. 
Pare,  to  cut  oft  the  rind. 
PjEar,  a  kind  of  fruit. 
Pale,  pallid ;  wan. 
Pail,  an  open  vessel. 

I  have  a 
Nay,  sir, 


the  horse  did  not  neigh.  Destroy  that  nit.  Have  you  learned  to  knit? 
Each  one  of  us  took  an  oar,  and  we  rowed  o'er  the  stream,  to  see  the  miner 
gather  ore.  Oh,  how  painful!  0,  you  are  very  kind!  How  much  does 
he  owe  you?  Which  one  of  the  boys  won  the  race?  Ought  I  to  pay  aught 
for  damages?  Our  children  may  remain  an  hour.  If  you  will  ease  the 
pain  in  my  head,  I  will  set  the  pane  of  glass.  I  have  a  pair  of  shoes. 
Please  pare  this  pear  for  me.    The  pale  cooper  made  me  a  wooden  pail. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


159 


LESSON  XI. 


Pan'  el,  of  a  door  ;  a  jury. 
Pan'  nel,  a  kind  of  saddle. 

Pe/ICE,  quiet ;  freedom  from  war. 

Piece,  a  part ;  a  fragment. 
Peel,  the  rind  ;  to  strip  off. 
Pe^il,  succession  of  loud  sounds. 

Plain,  level  ground  ;  clear. 

Plane,  to  smooth  with  a  plane. 
Plum,  a  kind  of  fruit. 
Plumb,  perpendicular. 

Pole,  a  long,  slender  stick. 

Poll,  the  head ;  place  of  election. 
Prae,  to  supplicate  ;  to  implore. 
Prey'2,  what  is  seized  by  violence. 


Rain,  water  from  the  clouds 
Reign,1  to  rule  ;  royal  authority. 
Rein,  the  strap  of  a  bridle,  &c. 

Raise,  to  lift  up  ;  to  elevate. 

Raze,  to  subvert;  to  demolish. 

Rays,  lines  of  light  from  the  sun. 
Rap,  a  quick  blow  ;  to  strike. 
TFrap,  to  fold  up  ;  to  inclose. 

Head,  to  peruse. 

Reed,  a  slender  plant. 
Red,  a  color  like  blood. 
Remd,  perused  ;  did  read. 

Reek,  to  emit  steam  or  vapor. 

Wreak,  to  execute  ;  to  inflict. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  Is  the  panel  of  a  door  like  pannel,  a  saddle? 
I  long  for  peace.  Will  you  have  a  piece  of  pie?  The  peel  of  an  apple.  The 
cannons'  peal.  He  lives  on  the  plain.  Plane  this  board.  A  delicious  plum. 
Is  the  clock  plumb  f  A  pole  ten  feet  long.  What  is  a/x»Z/-tax?  'lPray  with- 
out ceasing."  Lions  watch  for  prey.  A  refreshing  rain.  His  reiyn  was 
short.  Hold  a  tight  rein  on  that  horse.  Raise  that  weight.  Raze  the  city 
to  the  ground.  The  sun's  rays.  What  means  that  rapt  Wrap  his  cloak 
around  him.  We  read  books.  That  is  reed-grass.  It  is  a  red  rose.  Have 
we  read?    Horses  reek  with  sweat.   Do  not  wreak  vengeance  on  him. 


Rest,  repose  ;  to  be  quiet. 
IKrest,  to  take  by  force. 

King,  to  sound  ;  a  circle. 

TFring,  to  twist  violently. 
Rise,  origin  ;  ascent. 
Rice,  an  esculent  grain. 

Rite,  a  religious  ceremony. 

Might,  conforming  to  law  ;  just. 

irRiTE,toform  letters  with  a  pen. 

Wright,  a  name  ;  a  mechanic. 
Ro^ir,  a  loud  continuous  sound. 
Row'  er,  one  who  rows. 

Rode,  the  past  tense  of  ride. 

Ro^d,  a  public  highway. 


LESSON  XII. 

Roe,  the  female  of  the  hart. 
Rote,  to  impel  by  oars ;  a  line. 
Rote,  a  round  of  mere  words. 
Wrote,  expressed  by  letters. 
Rough,45  not  smooth  ;  uneven. 
Ruff,  a  frill  for  the  neck. 
Rye,  an  esculent  grain. 
R7ry,  distorted  ;  turned  one  side. 
Sail,  to  move  with  sails,  as  a  ship. 
Sale,  the  act  of  selling. 

Se^i,  a  large  body  of  salt  water. 
See,  to  perceive  by  the  eyes. 
Se^im,  the  union  of  two  edges. 
Seem,  to  appear. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  He  needs  rest.  Wrest  the  sword  from  him. 
Ring  the- bell  before  you  wring  out  the  clothes.  The  rise  of  the  river.  Rice 
grows  in  warm  climates.  It  is  right.  A  religious  rite.  Mr.  Wright  will 
write  in  regard  to  it.  The  rower  heard  the  cannon's  roar.  When  I  rode 
to  town,  the  road  was  bad.  My  young  roe  died.  I  row  for  exercise.  Some 
sing  by  rote.  Who  wrote  this  ?  the  paper  is  rough.  It  is  a  lady's  ruff.  The 
low,  price  of  rye  made  him  make  a  wry  mouth.  My  scn7-boat  is  for  sale. 
See  the  ship  on  the  sea.    It  is  a  handsome  seam,  but  you  seem  ashamed  of  it. 


160 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINES. 


LESSON  XIII. 


Seen,  beheld ;  observed. 
Scene,  a  view  ;  part  of  a  play. 
Seine,  a  large  net  for  fishing" 

Sen'  i or,39  older  in  age  or  office. 

Sejgn'  ior,  a  Turkish  title. 
Shear,  to  cut  with  shears. 
Sheer,  pure ;  to  turn  aside. 
Shire,  a  county  ;  a  district. 

Slaf,  to  kill  by  violence. 

Sley,2  a  weaver's  reed. 

S le i  gh}  a  carriage  on  runners. 
Sleight,  skill ;  dexterity. 
Slight,  to  neglect ;  weak. 


Sloe,  a  kind  of  wild  plum. 
Slow,  not  swift  in  motion. 

So,  thus  ;  in  like  manner. 

Sow,  to  scatter  seed. 

Sew,'23  to  join  with  a  needle. 
Sole,  bottom  of  the  foot  or  shoe. 
SotfL,  the  spirit;  a  person. 

Stake,  a  sharpened  stick. 

Steak,  a  slice  of  fresh  meat. 
Stare,  to  gaze  ;  a  fixed  look. 
Stazr,  a  step  for  ascending. 

Steel,  iron  refined. 

Steal,  to  take  unlawfully. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  I  have  seen  a  most  beautiful  scene.  Are  they 
fishing  with  a  seine  f  The  grand  seignior  is  my  senior  in  age.  Shear  the 
sheep.  It  was  sheer  carelessness.  Which  is  the  shire-town?  "  Slay  and 
eat."  I  need  a  weaver's  sley  more  than  a  sleigh  to  ride  in.  Those  having  a 
peculiar  sleight  for  business  sometimes  make  slight  mistakes.  He  is  slow, 
but  sure.  Is  the  sloe  bitter?  If  it  is  so  that  you  sow  grain,  how  do  you  sew 
with  a  needle?  My  shoe  has  a  double  sole.  Your  soul  is  above' price.  A 
wooden  stake  and  a  sirloin  steak  are  alike  only  in  sound.  Come  down  a 
stair  or  two,  and  not  stare  so  at  the  people.  I  would  not  steal  even  a  steel  pen. 

LESSON  XIV. 


Stile,  steps  over  a  fence. 
Style,  manner  of  writing  ;  fashion. 

Stra/t,  a  narrow  pass  ;  strict. 

Straight,  not  crooked  ;  direct. 
Sum,  the  whole  amount. 
Some,  a  quantity  or  part. 

Sun,  the  source  of  light  and  heat. 

Son,  a  male  child. 
Tacks,  small  nails. 
Tax,  impost;  assessment.  [ness. 

Team,  oxen  or  horses  in  har- 

Teem,  to  produce  ;  to  be  full  of. 


Tear,  to  rend  ;  to  lacerate. 
Tare,  a  weed  ;  an  allowance. 

Tear,  water  from  the  eye. 

Tier,  one  of  two  or  more  rows. 
The,  a  definitive  adjective. 
Thee,  the  objective  case  of  thou. 

The/r,  belonging  to  them. 

There,  in  that  place. 
Throjf,  to  cast  or  hurl. 
Throe,  extreme  pain ;  anguish. 

To,  at,  or  arriving  at. 

Too,  also  ;  over ;  likewise. 

Two,  twice  one ;  a  couple. 


!  Dictation  Exercise.  —  The  steps  of  the  stile  are  not  sound.  The  style 
\  of  your  composition  is  elegant.  Sail  the  ship  straight  through  the  strait. 
\  The  whole  sum  was  given  to  some  brave  soldiers.  My  son,  "  let  not  the  sun 
go  down  upon  your  wrath."  One  paper  of  tacks  is  but  a  small  tax  on  my 
purse.  You  have  a  strong  team.  The  streets  teem  with  people.  How  did 
you  tear  your  dress?  Deduct  the  tare.  Shed  not  a  fear.  Man  the  upper 
tier  of  guns !  Black  are  the  heavens  above  thee.  Their  friend  was  there. 
Throw  out  the  anchor.  Will  nothing  ease  my  throe  ?  On  my  way  to  school, 
I  saw  two  boys  quite  too  much  excited. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  161 


LESSON  XV. 


Tow,  coarse  part  of  flax  ;  to  drag. 
Toe,  the  extremity  of  the  foot. 

Tun,  a  large  cask. 

Ton,  twenty  hundred-weight. 
urn,  for  the  ashes  of  the  dead. 
£^RN,  to  gain  by  labor. 

Vail,  a  covering  for  the  face. 

Vale,  a  valley. 
Vain,  proud  ;  empty  ;  fruitless. 
Vane,  a  weather-cock. 
Vein,1  a  passage  for  the  blood. 

Wait,  to  stay  for  ;  to  delay. 

Weight,1  heaviness;  a  burden. 
Wale,  a  ridge  on  cloth  or  animals. 
Wa/l,  loud  weeping  or  sobbing. 


Waste,  to  squander ;  to  destroy. 
Waist,  a  part  of  the  body. 

Wat,  a  road  ;  manner  of  acting. 

Weigh-,1  to  find  the  weight  of. 
Wear,  to  have  on  the  body;  to  waste. 
Ware,  goods  ;  merchandise. 

Weath'  er,  state  of  the  atmos- 

Wetii'  er,  a  sheep.  [phere. 
Week,  seven  days. 
Weak,  not  strong ;  feeble. 

Wood,  trees  cut  for  the  fire. 

Would,  the  past  tense  of  will. 
Yew*22,  a  kind  of  tree. 
You,  the  person  spoken  to. 
Ewe,  a  female  sheep. 


Dictation  Exercise.  —  Save  the  tow.  The  soldier's  toe  is  sore.  Is  a 
tun  of  wine  worth  more  than  a  ton  of  coal  ?  This  urn  contains  his  dust. 
Do  you  earn  your  living?  A  lady's  vail.  In  a  fertile  vale.  Vain  man,  be 
wise!  What  does  a  vane  indicate?  A  pulmonary  vein.  Wait  a  moment, 
if  you  wish  to  know  the  weight  of  your  wool.  The  wale  on  cloth.  Hear 
the  orphan's  wail.  Waste  no  time.  A  small  waist.  Step  this  way,  and  I 
will  weigh  you.  I  shall  wear  my  new  dress.  He  sells  earthen  ware.  It  is 
fair  weather.  Is  this  wether  for  sale  ?  I  shall  return  this  leeek,  if  not  too 
weak  to  travel.  Would  you  like  some  wood  ?  You  can  see  the  old  ewe  and 
her  lambs  near  the  yew-tree. 

PART  V. 

PAUSES  AND  OTHER  MARKS  USED  IN  WRITING  AND  PRINTING. 

1.  The  Comma  [,  ]  usually  denotes  the  shortest  pause. 

2.  The  Semicolon  [ ;  ]  usually  denotes  a  pause  twice  as  long  as  a 
comma. 

3.  The  Colon  [ :  ]  usually  denotes  a  pause  three  times  as  long  as  a 
comma. 

4.  The  Period  [ .  ],  at  the  end  of  a  sentence,  denotes  a  full  stop. 

5.  The  Interrogation  point  [  ?  ]  denotes  that  a  question  is  asked. 

6.  The  Exclamation  point  [ !  ]  denotes  wonder,  surprise,  or  admiration. 

7.  The  Dash  [  —  ]  usually  denotes  a  sudden  stop,  or  change  in  the 
subject ;  but  it  is  sometimes  used  in  connection  with  another  pause  to 
increase  its  length. 

8.  The  Marks  of  Parenthesis  [  (  )  ]  are  used  to  inclose  an  incidental 
remark,  or  some  explanatory  clause  or  sentence,  which  might  have  been 


1162  TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


omitted  without  injuring  the  sense ;  as,  Blessed  are  they  (saith  the  Scrip- 
tures) that  do  his  commandments. 

9.  The  Brackets,  or  Crotchets  [["]],  are  used  to  inclose  some  correc- 
tion or  explanation,  or  the  subject  to  be  explained;  as,  Her  [Wisdom's] 
ways  are  ways  of  pleasantness. 

10.  The  Hyphen  [-]  is  used  to  separate  the  syllables  of  a  word,  to 
mark  the  division  of  a  word  at  the  end  of  a  line,  and  to  join  the  simple 
parts  of  compound  words ;  as,  per-se-vere,  lap-dog, 

11.  The  Apostrophe  [']  denotes  the  possessive  case  of  nouns;  as, 
Jane's  doll ;  or  the  omission  of  a  letter  in  a  word  ;  as,  lov'd  for  loved. 

12.  The  Caret  [AJ  is  used  only  in  manuscript,  and  denotes  where  to 

e  is 

insert  what  was  left  out  by  mistake ;  as  in  lovly.    Knowledge  povier. 

A  A 

13.  The  Marks  of  Quotation  [  "  "  ]  denote  that  the  inclosed  passage 
is  the  language  of  some  other  person  ;  as,  "  Blessed  are  the  meek'1 

Note.  A  quotation  within  a  quotation  has  only  single  points  j  and  the 
single  points  should  be  placed  within  the  double  ones. 

14.  The  Index  [  ]  points  to  something  of  importance,  and  worthy 
of  particular  attention. 

15.  The  Section  [  §  ]  is  used  to  divide  chapters  into  smaller  parts. 

16.  The  Mark  of  a  Paragraph  [^  ]  denotes  the  beginning  of  a  naw 
subject. 

17.  The  Asterisk,  or  Star  [*],  and  some  other  marks,  as,  t,  t>  §>  \\> 
and  sometimes  the  letters  of  the  alphabet  and  figures,  refer  to  notes  or 
explanations  in  the  margin  or  at  the  bottom  of  the  page. 

18.  The  Marks  of  an  Ellipsis  [  ],  or  [  ],  or  [****],  are 

used  to  indicate  the  omission  of  letters  in  a  word,  or  of  words  in  a  sen- 
tence, or  of  sentences  in  a  paragraph. 

19.  The  Diasresis  [  "  ]  is  placed  over  the  latter  of  two  vowels,  to  show 
that  they  belong  to  separate  syllables  ;  as  in  coalesce. 

20.  The  Brace  []  ]  is  used  to  unite  several  words  or  lines,  and  to  con- 
nect them  with  something  to  which  they  are  all  related. 

21.  CAPITAL  LETTERS  should  be  used  at  the  beginning  of  every 
Book,  Chapter,  Note,  and  Sentence  after  a  full  stop ;  at  the  beginning 
of  all  Appellations  of  the  Deity  ;  at  thfc  beginning  of  Proper  Nouns,  of 
Common  Nouns  personified,  and  of  all  Adjectives  derived  from  proper 
nouns  ;  at  the  beginning  of  Titles  of  office  and  honor,  and  of  the  names 
of  Religious  Sects  and  Public  Bodies ;  at  the  beginning  of  Nouns  and 
other  important  words  in  the  Titles  of  Books,  and  sometimes  in  the 
Subjects  of  Discourse ;  and  at  the  beginning  of  Direct  Quotations,  and 
of  every  line  in  Poetry.  The  pronoun  /,  and  the  interjection  0,  should 
also  be  written  in  capitals. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  163 


ABBREVIATIONS  EXPLAINED. 


A.  or  Ans.  Answer. 

A.  or  Adj.  Adjective.  [Academy. 

A.  A.  S.    Fellow  of  the  American 

A.  B.  or  B.  A.  Bachelor  of  Arts. 

Abp.  Archbishop. 

Acct.  Account. 

A.  D.       In  the  year  of  our  Lord. 

Ad.  or  Adv.  Adverb. 

Adjt,  Adjutant. 

Admr.  Administrator. 

Mt.  Aged. 

Agt.  Agent. 

Aki.  or  Al.  Alabama. 

C  Master  of  Arts ;  Before 

A.  M.        <  Noon  ;  In  the  year  of 

(  the  World. 
Am.  American. 
Amt.  Amount. 
Anon.  Anonymous. 
Apr.  April. 
Ark.  Arkansas. 
Art.  Article. 
Atty.  Attorney. 
Aug.  August. 
Bal.  Balance. 

B.  C.  or  A.  C.  Before  Christ. 
B.  D.       Bachelor  of  Divinity. 

Bishop. 

Brigadier  ;  Brigade. 
California. 
Captain. 
Cashier. 

Canada  East ;  Civil  En- 
Chapter,  [gineer. 


Bp. 
Brig. 
Cal. 
Capt. 
Cash. 
C.  E. 
Chap. 

CI.  or  Clk.  Clerk* 
C.  J. 
Co. 
Col. 
Coll. 


Chief  Justice. 
Company ;  County. 
Colonel. 

College  ;  Collector. 
(  Commissioner ;  Com- 
Com.        )  modore  ;   Committee  ; 

(  Commerce. 
Cong.  Congress. 
Conn,  or  Ct.  Connecticut 
Const.  Constable. 
Cor.  Sec.  Corresponding  Secretary. 


C.  P.  Common  Pleas. 

Cr.  Credit  or  Creditor. 

Ct.,  Cts.  Cent,  Cents. 

C.  W.  Canada  West. 

D.  C.  District  of  Columbia. 
D.  D.  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
Dea.  Deacon. 

Dec.  December. 

Del.  Delaware. 

Dept.  Deputy ;  Department. 

Dft.  Defendant. 

Dist.  Atty.  District  Attorney. 

Do.  Ditto  or  The  same. 

Dolls,  or  $.  Dollars. 

Dr.  Doctor ;  Debtor. 

D.  V.  God  willing. 

E.  East. 

Ed.  Edition  ;  Editor. 

E.  E.  Errors  Excepted. 

E.  G.  For  example. 

E.  L  East  Indies. 

Eng.  England  ;  English. 

Esq.  Esquire. 

Et  al.  And  others. 

Etc.  or  &c.  And  so  forth. 

Ex.  Example ;  Exception. 

Exr.  Executor. 

Feb.  February. 

Fig.  Figure. 

Flor.  or  Fa.  Florida. 

Fr.  France  ;  French. 

Fri.  Fridav. 

F.  R.  S.  Fellow  of  the  Royal  So- 
Ga.  or  Geo.  Georgia.  [ciety. 

G.  B.  Great  Britain. 
Gen.  General. 
Gent.  Gentleman. 

Ger.  German ;  Germany. 

Gov.  Governor. 

Gr.  Greek ;  Gross.  [e*ty. 

H.  B.  M.  His  or  Her  Britannic  Maj- 
H.  M.  His  or  Her  Majesty. 
Hon.  Honorable.  [tives. 
H.  R.  House  of  Represen ta- 
ll. S.  S.  Fellow  of  the  Historical 
Hund.  Hundred.  [Society. 


164 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINES. 


Ibid,  or  lb.  In  the  same  place. 

I.  e.  That  is. 

111.  Illinois. 

Ind.  or  la.  Indiana. 

Inst.  Instant  ;    The  present 

Int.  Interest.  [month. 

Io.  Iowa. 

Ir.  Ireland  ;  Irish. 

I.  T.  Indian  Territory. 

It.  Italian  ;  Italy ;  Italic. 

J.  Judge. 

Jan.  January. 

J.  P.  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Jr.  or  Jun.  Junior. 

K.  King. 

Kan.  Kansas. 

Km.  Kingdom. 

Kt.  Knight. 

Ky.  Kentucky. 

L.  Latin ;  Lord  ;  Lady. 

Lat.  Latitude. 

L.  C.  Lower  Canada. 

Lcgis.  Legislature. 

L.  I.  Long  Island. 

Lieut,  or  Lt.  Lieutenant. 

LL.  D.  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Lon.  Longitude. 

Lond.  London. 

Lou.  or  La.  Louisiana. 

L.  S.  Place  of  the  Seal.  [quis. 

M.  Meridian  or  Noon  ;  Mar- 

M.  A.  Master  of  Arts  ;  Military 

Maj.  Major.  [Academy. 

Mar.  March. 

Mass.  or  Ms.  Massachusetts. 

Math.  Mathematics. 

M.  C.  Member  of  Congress. 

M.  D.  Doctor    of    Physic  or 

Md.  Maryland.  [Medicine. 

Mdlle.  or  Mile.  Mademoiselle. 

Me.  Maine.  [Sirs. 

Messrs.  Messieurs  ;   Gentlemen  ; 

Mcx.  Mexico  or  Mexican. 

Mich.  Michigan. 

Minn.  Minnesota. 

Miss,  or  Mi.  Mississippi. 

Mo.  Missouri  ;  Month. 

Mon.  Monday. 

Mons.  or  M.  Monsieur. 

M.  P.  Member  of  Parliament. 

Mr.  Master  or  Mister. 

Mrs.  Mistress. 


MS.  Manuscript. 

MSS.  Manuscripts. 

Mt.  Mount  or  Mountain. 

N.  North. 

N.  A.  North  America.  [wick. 

N.  B.  Take  notice  ;  New  Brans* 

N.  C.  North  Carolina. 

N.  E.  Northeast ;    New  Eng- 

Neb.  Nebraska.  [land. 

N.  F.  Newfoundland. 

N.  H.  New  Hampshire. 

N.  J.  New  Jersey. 

N.  M.  New  Mexico. 

N.  O.  New  Orleans. 

No.  Number. 

Nov.  November.  [Providence. 

N.  P.  Notary    Public  ;  New 

N.  S.  Nova  Scotia ;  New  Style. 

Num.  or  Nos.  Numbers. 

N.  T.  New  Testament. 

N.  W.  Northwest. 

N.  Y.  New  York. 

O.  Ohio. 

Obj.  Objection ;  Objective. 

Obt.  Obedient. 

Oc<\  October. 

Or.  Oregon. 

O.  S.  Old  Style. 

O.  T.  Old  Testament. 

P.,  pp.  Page,  Pages. 

Pa.  or  Penn.  Pennsylvania. 

Pari.  Parliament. 

Per  cent.  By  the  hundred. 

Phila.  Philadelphia. 

Plff.  Plaintiff. 

P.  M.  Postmaster ;  Afternoon. 

P.  M.  G.  Postmaster-General. 

P.  O.  Post  Office. 

Pop.  Population. 

Pres.  President. 

Prof.  Professor. 

P.  S.  Postscript. 

Ps.  Psalms. 

Pub.  Doc.  Public  Documents. 

Q.  Queen. 

Q.  or  Qu.  Question.  [strated. 

Q.  E.  D.  Which  was  to  be  demon- 

Q.  E.  F.  Which  was  to  be  done. 

Q.  M.  Quartermaster. 
Rec'd  Pay't.  Received  Payment. 
Rec.  Sec.  Recording  Secretary. 

Ref.  Reformed ;  Reformer. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFLNER. 


165 


Regr.  Register. 

Regt.  Regiment.  [lie. 

Rep.  Representative  ;  Repub- 

Rev.  Reverend  ;  Revelations. 

I  R.  I.  Rhode  Island. 

R.  R.  Railroad. 

Rt.  Hon.  Right  Honorable. 

S.  South;  Shilling;  Sign. 

S.  A.  South  America. 

Sat.  Saturday. 

S.  C.  South  Carolina. 

Schr.  Schooner, 

i  Scot.  Scotland  or  Scotch. 

!  S.  E.  Southeast. 

Sec.  Secretary. 

Sect.  Section. 

Sen.  Senator  or  Senate. 

Sept.  September. 

Serg.  or  Scrj.  Sergeant. 

Servt.  Servant. 

Sp.  Spain  or  Spanish. 

Sr.  or  Sen.  Senior. 

SS.  or  Viz.  Namely  or  To  wit. 

St.  Saint ;  Street. 

S.  T.  D.  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Ster.  Sterling. 

S.  T.  P.  Professor  of  Theology. 

Sun.  Sunday. 

Sup.  C.  Superior  Court. 

Supt.  Superintendent. 


Surp-.  Surgeon. 

S.  W.  Southwest. 

T.  Town  ;  Territory. 

Tenn.  Tennessee. 

Tex.  Texas. 

Thurs.  Thursday. 

Tr.  Treasurer  ;   Transpose  ; 

Tues.  Tuesday.  [Trustee. 

U.  C.  Upper  Canada. 

Ult.  Last  or  The  last  month. 

U.  S.  United  States. 

(  United  States  of  Am- 

U.  S.  A.  }    erica  ; 

(  United  States  Army. 

U.  S.  M.  United  States  Mail. 

U.  S.  N.  United  States  Navy. 

U.  S.  S.  United  States  Senate. 

U.  T.  Utah  Territory. 

Va.  Virginia. 

Via.  By  the  way  of. 
Vol.,  Vols.   Volume,  Volumes. 

V.  P.  Vice-President. 

Vs.  Against ;  In  opposition. 

Vt.  Vermont. 

W.  West. 

Wed.  Wednesday. 

W.  I.  West  Indies. 

Wis.  Wisconsin. 

W.  T.  Washington  Territory. 

Xmas.  Christmas. 


WORDS  AND  PHRASES  FROM  FOREIGN  LANGUAGES, 

FREQUENTLY  OCCURRING  IN  ENGLISH  BOOKS,  RENDERED  INTO  ENGLISH. 
L.  stands  for  Latin  ;  F.,  for  French. 


Ab  in  1"  ti  o,  L.  from  the  beginning. 
Ad  cap  tan'  dum  vul'  gus,  L.  to 

captivate  the  populace. 
Ad  fi'  nem,  L.  to  the  end. 
Ad  horn'  i  nem,  L.  to  the  man. 
Ad  in  fi  ni'tum,  L.  to  endless  extent. 
Ad  in'  ter  im,  L.  in  the  mean  while. 
Ad  lib'i  turn,  L.  at  pleasure,  [value. 
Ad  va  16' rem,  L.  according  to  the 
a  la  Fran"cai$e',  F.  after  the  French 
II'  i  as,  L.  otherwise.  [fashion. 
II'  i  bi,  L.  elsewhere. 
XV  ma  ma'  ter,  L.  a  benign  mother. 
A  him'  ni,  L.  graduates  of  a  college. 


In'  i  mus,  L.  the  mind  or  intention. 
Beau19  i  de'al,  F.  a  model  of  beauty. 
Beau19  monde',F.  fashionable  world. 
Bo'  na  fi'  de,  L.  in  good  faith. 
Bon"  mo/',  F.  a  jest;  a  witticism. 
■Ca'sus  bel'  li,  L.  occasion  for  war. 
Carte'  de  vi  s'ite',  F.  a  small  photo- 
graph picture  fastened  upon  a  card. 
Chef  d'ceu'  vre,  F.  [sha  doo'  vt]  a 

masterpiece.  [movement. 
Co?//?  de  ma/n",  F.  an  unexpected 
£oup  d'e  t&',  F.  a  stroke  of  policy 

in  state  affairs. 
Cui  bo'  no,  L.  for  whose  benefit  ? 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINEE. 


166 


De  fae'  to,  L.  from  the  fact.  [God. 

De'  i  gra'  t'i  a,71  L.  by  the  grace  of 

De  ju'  re,  L.  by  right,  or  by  law. 

De  no' vo,  L.  anew;  again. 

De'  o  vo  leV  to,  L.  with  God's  will. 

Dernier  resort',  F.  t\ie  last  resource. 

En"  masse',F.[angmass']  in  a  body. 

E  plu'  ri  bus  u'  num,4J  L.  one  com- 
posed of  many;  the  motto  of  the 

Er'go,  L.  therefore.    [United  States. 

Ex  ca  the'  Sra,  L.  from  the  chair. 

Ex  eel'  si  or,  L.  more  elevated  ;  the 
motto  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

Ex  of  f  1"  ci  o,  L.  by  virtue  of  his  of- 

Ex  par'  te,  L.  on  one  side  only.  [fice. 

Ex  po  se',  F.  an  exposition;  a  recital. 

Ex  post  fae'  to,  L.  after  the  fact,  or 
the  commission  of  a  crime. 

Fae  simf  i  le,  L.  an  exact  imitation. 

F'ille  de  cham'bre,  F.  a  lady's-maid. 

Gens  darmes',6!  F.  armed  police. 

Ha'  be  as  eor'  pus,  L.  a  writ  for  de- 
livering a  person  from  prison, 
j  Hie  ja'  cet,  L.  here  lies,    [to  fight. 

Hors  de  eom  ba£',  F.  out  of  condition 

Ho  tel'  di  eu',  F.  a  hospital  in  Paris. 

In  eV  se,  L.  in  being. 

In  sta'  tu  quo,  L.  in  the  same  state. 

In'ter  nos,  L.  between  ourselves. 

In  tran'  si  tu,  L.  on  the  passage. . 

Ip'  se  dix'it,  L.  he  said  it  himself. 

ip'  so  fae'  to,  L.  in  the  fact  itself. 

Jeu  d'es  pri£',  F.  [zhu  de  spree')  a 
witticism  ;  a  play  of  wit. 

Ju'  re  di  vi'no,  L.  by  divine  law. 

La' bor  6m'  ni  a  vin'cit,  L.  labor 
conquers  everything.  [tongue. 

Lap'sus  lin"guse,  L.  a  slip  of  the 

Lu'  sus  na  tu'  rse,  L.  a  freak  of  nature. 

Mag'na  ehar'ta,  L.  the  great  charter. 

Me  mSn'  to  mo'  ri,  L.  remember 
death.  [to  tell. 

Mi  rah'  i  le  die'  tu,  L.  wonderful 

Mo'  dus  op  e  ran'  di,  L.  manner 
of  operation.  [little. 

Mill'  turn  in  par'  vo,  L.  much  in 

Na'  ive  te,  F.  unaffected  simplicity. 

Nem  eon,  L.  without  opposition. 

Ne  plus  til'  tra,  L.  to  the  utmost  ex- 
tent ;  nothing  further.      [or  not. 

No'  lens  vo'  lens,  L.  whether  he  will 

Non"  cha  lance',  F.  indifference. 


Non  eom'pos  mSn'tis,  L.  not  of 
sound  mind.  [tral. 

Non  li'  quet,02  L.  undecided  ;  neu- 

On  the  qui  v'ive',57  F.  on  the  alert. 

O  iSm'  po  ra,  0  mo'  res  !  L.  Oh  the 
times  and  the  manners ! 

Par  no'  bi  le  fra'  trum,  L.  a  noble 
pair  of  brothers. 

Pa'  ri  pas'  su,  L.  with  equal  step. 

Pa'ter  pa'trise,  L  father  of  his  coun- 

Per  eap'  i  ta,  L.  by  the  head.  [try. 

Per  di'  em,  L.  by  the  day. 

PSr  se,  L.  by  itself.  [body. 

Pos'  se  eom  i  ta  tus,  L.  an  armed 

Post  mor'  tem,  L.  after  death. 

Pri  ma  fa'  ci  e,  L.  on  the  first  view. 

Pro  bo'  no  pub'  li  eo,  L.  for  the 
public  good. 

Pro  et  eon,  L.  for  and  against. 

Pro  pa'trias,  L.  for  our  country. 

Pro  ra'  ta,  L.  in  proportion,  [being. 

Pro  t8m'  po  re,   L.  for  the  time 

Qua'  si,62  L.  as  if ;  resembling. 

Quid  nune,  L.  a  newsmonger. 

Quid  pro  qu5,  L.  an  equivalent. [igy. 

Ra'  ra  a'  vis,  L.  a  rare  bird;  a  prod- 
Re  cher'che,  F.  nice  to  an  extreme. 

Re  su  me',  F.  a  summary. 

Sang  froid',  F.  [sang-frwa']  in  cold 
blood ;  apathy.  [out  care. 

Sans  sou  c"i',  F.  [sang  soo  see']  with- 

Se  ri  a'  tim,  L.  in  regular  order. 

Si'  ne  dV  e,  L.  without  a  day  ap- 
pointed, [indispensable. 

Si'  ne  qua  non,  L.  that  which  is 

Soi  di  $an£',  F.  [swa  de  zang'J  self- 
styled,  [in  manners. 

Suav  i  ter36  in  mo'do,  L.  agreeable 

Sub  ju'di  ce,  L.  under  consideration. 

Su'i  g^n'  e  ris,  L.  of  its  own  kind. 

Sum 'mum  bo^um.L.  the  chief  good. 

TeV  ra  fir  ma,  L.  the  solid  earth. 

u'  si^s40  lo  quSn'  di,  L.  usage  in 
speaking.  [panion. 

Va'  de  me'  eum,  L.  a  constant  eom- 

Ver  ba/tim  et  lit  er  a'  tim,  L.  word 
for  word  and  letter  for  letter. 

W  ce  ver'  sa,  L.  the  terms  being 
reversed  or  exchanged. 

W  va  vo'  ce,  L.  by  the  living  voice. 

Vox  pop'  u  li,40  L.  the  voice  of  the 
people. 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER.  167 

Letters. 

Figures. 

Numeral  Adjectives. 

Ordinal  Adjectives. 

I 

1 

one 

first 

II 

2 

two 

second 

III 

3 

three 

third 

IV 

4 

four 

fourth 

V 

5 

five 

fifth 

VI 

6 

six 

sixth 

VII 

7 

seven 

seventh 

VIII 

8 

eight 
nine 

eighth 

IX 

9 

ninth 

X 

10 

ten 

tenth 

XI 

11 

eleven 

eleventh 

XII 

12 

twelve 

twelfth 

XIII 

13 

thirteen 

thirteenth 

XIV 

14 

fourteen 

fourteenth 

XV 

15 

fifteen 

fifteenth 

XVI 

16 

sixteen 

sixteenth 

XVII 

17 

seventeen 

seventeenth 

VTTTTT 

XVIII 

18 

eighteen 

eighteenth 

XIX 

19 

nineteen 

nineteenth 

XX 

20 

twenty 

twentieth 

!xxx 

30 

thirty 

thirtieth 

XL 

40 

forty 

fortieth 

L 

50 

fifty 
sixty 

fiftieth 

LX 

60 

sixtieth 

LXX"" 

70 

seventy 

seventieth 

LXXX 

80 

eighty 

eightieth 

xc 

90 

ninety 

ninetieth 

c 

100 

one  hundred 

one  hundredth 

cc 

200 

two  hundred 

two  hundredth 

ccc 

300 

three  hundred 

three  hundredth 

jcccc 

400 

four  hundred 

four  hundredth 

D 

500 

five  hundred 

five  hundredth 

DC  - 

600 

six  hundred 

six  hundredth 

DCC 

700 

seven  hundred 

seven  hundredth 

pccc 

800 

eight  hundred 

eight  hundredth 

DCCCC 

900 

nine  hundred 

nine  hundredth 

M 

1000 

one  thousand 

one  thousandth 

168 


TOWN'S  SPELLER  AND  DEFINER. 


SPECIAL  RULES  FOR  PRONOUNCING  CLASSES  OF  WORDS. 

Explanations.  By  a  separable  prefix,  we  mean  that  part  which  may 
be  taken  from  the  primitive  root,  and  leave  a  significant  English  word  ; 
as,  from  impress,  im  may  be  thus  taken. 

By  an  inseparable  prefix,  we  mean  such  combination  of  a  word,  syl- 
lable, or  letter  with  the  root,  that,  as  an  English  word,  a  separation  of 
the  parts  would  destroy  the  English  signification  of  both  ;  as,  depute, 
I  which,  in  Latin,  is  composed  of  de  and  puto,  but  in  English  the  parts 
may  not  be  separated. 

Penult  is  the* last  syllable  but  one;  Antepenult,  the  last  but  two. 

Rule  1.  Words  of  two  syllables,  the  first  of  which  is  a  separable  or 
inseparable  prefix,  commonly  take  the  accent  on  the  second  ;  as,  de-base', 
pro-claim' ;  but,  if  the  first  syllable  partakes  of  the  root,  the  accent  gen- 
erally falls  on  the  first ;  as,  urg'ent,  tal'ent. 

Note.  —  This  rule  has  an  extensive  application  ;  and  the  main  exceptions  are  found 
in  those  words  which  may  be  used  either  as  nouns  or  verbs.  When  used  as  nouns, 
the  accent,  in  most  cases,  rests  on  the  first  syllable  5  as,  his  con'duct :  but  when 
used  as  verbs  the  accent  commonly  falls  on  the  second  5  as,  to  con-duct9. 

Rule  2.  All  words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  in  ability,  ibility, 
ical,  ity,  or  ety,  have  the  primary  accent,  invariably,  on  the  antepenult;  as, 
sens-i-bil'i-ty,  e-co-nom'ic-al,  cu-ri-os'i-ty. 

Rule  3.   Words,  ending  in  tion,  sion,  ion,  cious,  thus,  date,  tiate,  cient, 
tient,  tial,  tia,  cian,  cial,  cia,  ceous,  geous,  gious,  or  geon,  when  pronounced 
in  one  syllable,  take  the  primary  accent  on  the  syllable  preceding  those  ter- 
minations ;  as,  con-fed-er-a'tion.  Nothing  but  ity  after  al,  in  words  in  j 
ion,  ever  removes  the  accent ;  as,  na'tion,  n&'tion-al,  n&-tion-al'i-ty. 

Rule  4.    Words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  having  the  termination 
cracy,  gamy,  graphy,  logy,  machy,  metry,  nomy,  phony,  pathy,  tomy,  thropy, 
lysis,  feiQus,  gerous,  or  vorous,  take  the  accent  on  the  antepenult ;  as, 
a-nat'o-my  ge-og'ra-phy  the-ol'o-gy  ar-mig'er-ous 

an-tip'a-thy  de-moc'ra-cy         po-lvg'a-my  pes-tifer-ous 

as-tron'o-my        ge-om'e-try  phi-lan'thro-py  car-niv'o-rous 

a-nal'y-sis  the-om'a-cny         sym'pho-ny  ^erb-iv'o-rous 

Rule  5.  All  words  ending  in  ics  (pol'i-tics  excepted)  are  accented 
on  the  penult ;  as,  op'tics,  me-chan'ics. 

Rule  6.  Words  ending  in  ic  when  a  suffix,  and  with  few  exceptions 
when  otherwise,  are  accented  on  the  penult ;  as,  dra-mat'ic,  al-pha-bet'ic. 

Note.  —  The  suffix  ic,  when  added  to  words  of  more  than  one  syllable,  except  in 
six  cases,  always  changes  the  place  of  accent ;  as,  meth  od,  me-thod'ic. 

Rule  7.  All  words  of  three  syllables  in  able,  ible,  ably,  ibly,  and  all 
words  of  four  syllables  in  abhness,  ibleness,  are  accented  on  the  first ;  as, 
blam'a-ble,  mov'a-ble-ness. 

Rule  8.  All  words  in  tive  preceded  by  a  single  consonant,  mp,  or 
'  nc,  and  all  words  in  ive  preceded  by  s  or  c,  (except  sub'stan-tive  and  ad'- 
\jec-tive),  are  accented  on  the  penult ;  as,  re-ten'tive,  com-pre-hen'sive. 

Rule  9.  All  words  of  three  syllables  in  ary  and  ory  (except  ca-nafry 
and  va-ga'ry)  are  accented  on  the  first ;  as,  saPa-ry,  mem'o-ry. 

Rule  10.  All  words  of  more  than  two  syllables  in  fy  invariably  take 
the  accent  on  the  antepenult ;  as,  glo'ri-fy,  per-son'i-fy. 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


,2M    TOWK,  U, 


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